Volume II Issue V

Storage management is a general storage industry phrase that is used to describe the tools, processes, and policies used to manage storage networks and storage services such as virtualization, replication, mirroring, security, compression, traffic analysis and other services. Storage management is a process used to optimize the use of storage devices and to protect the integrity of data for any media on which it resides. Optimizing the use of storage devices translates into making sure the maximum amount of usable data is written to and read from these units at an acceptable rate of response. Optimizing these resources also means ensuring that there is an adequate amount of storage space available while guarding against having expensive excess amounts. This notion of optimal use ties in to two of the main areas of storage management: capacity and performance. There are many different devices on which data can be stored. The selection of devices to best meet your storage needs depends primarily on three factors: 1. Performance 2.Availability 3. Cost How you choose to manage your storage determines how you control the devices that store the active data on your system. To be useful, active data must be available and remain persistent even after unexpected events, such as a hardware or software failure. The storage allocation strategy used in each of the three data areas, namely static data area, heap, stack, are different.Stack allocation lays out storage for all data objects at compile time. Page(s): 01-03 Date of Publication: May 2013

This paper Is about Software Engineering, Software Engineering, is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the design, development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software. The initial impact of outsourcing, and the relatively lower cost of international human resources in developing third world countries led to a massive migration of software development activities from corporations in North America and Europe to India and later: China, Russia, and other developing countries. This approach had some flaws, mainly the distance / timezone difference that prevented human interaction between clients and developers, but also the lower quality of the software developed by the outsourcing companies and the massive job transfer. This had a negative impact on many aspects of the software engineering profession. Page(s): 04-07 Date of Publication: May 2013

Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and other buildings, for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a variety of commercial and industrial uses. Climate change and global warming concerns, coupled with high oil prices, peak oil, and increasing government support, are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialization. New government spending, regulation and policies helped the industry weather the global financial crisis better than many other sectors. According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power generators may produce most of the world’s electricity within 50 years, dramatically reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment. A question arrives in everybody minds that why renewable energy important so the answer for the question is that Renewable energy technologies are clean sources of energy that have a much lower environmental impact than conventional energy technologies and Renewable energy will not run out. Ever. Other sources of energy are finite and will some day be depleted. Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth, and geothermal heat, as the International Energy Agency explains Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and bio fuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources. Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security and economic benefits. Heat pumps and Thermal energy storage are classes of technologies that can enable the utilization of renewable energy sources that would otherwise be inaccessible due to a temperature that is too low for utilization or a time lag between when the energy is available and when it is needed. While enhancing the temperature of available renewable thermal energy, heat pumps have the additional property of leveraging electrical power (or in some cases mechanical or thermal power) by using it to extract additional energy from a low quality source (such as seawater, lake water, the ground, the air, or waste heat from a process). Thermal storage technologies allow heat or cold to be stored for periods of time ranging from hours or overnight to interseasonal, and can involve storage of sensible energy (i.e. by changing the temperature of a medium) or latent energy (i.e. through phase changes of a medium, such between water and slush or ice). Short-term thermal storages can be used for peak-shaving in district heating or electrical distribution systems. Kinds of renewable or alternative energy sources that can be enabled include natural energy (e.g. collected via solar-thermal collectors, or dry cooling towers used to collect winter's cold), waste energy (e.g. from HVAC equipment, industrial processes or power plants), or surplus energy (e.g. as seasonally from hyropower projects or intermitently from wind farms). Page(s): 08-10 Date of Publication: May 2013

In this paper, Newton Raphson power flow algorithm in matlab incorporating TCSC is presented. Overview of the different static load models for distribution system has been covered and included in N-R power flow. This paper present effect of TCSC level on transmission system voltage profile for different types of static load types , in which active and reactive power vary with its terminal voltages with as in exponential form, variation of the load voltage for different sizes of TCSC are simulated with 5 bus. It has also been observed that the proposed algorithm can be applied to larger systems and does not suffer with computational difficulties. Page(s): 11-17 Date of Publication: May 2013

A simplified color image formation model is used to construct an algorithm for image reconstruction from CCD sensors samples. The proposed method involves two successive steps. The first is motivated by Cok’s template matching technique, while the second step uses steerable inverse diffusion in color. Classical linear signal processing techniques tend to over smooth the image and result in noticeable color artifacts along edges and sharp features. The question is how the different color channels should support each other to form the best possible reconstruction. Our answer is to let the edges support the color information and the color channels support the edges, and thereby achieve better perceptual results than those that are bounded by the sampling theoretical limit. This paper introduces a new interpolation technique for Demosaicing of color images produced by single-CCD digital cameras. We show that the proposed simple linear filter can lead to an improvement in PSNR when compared to a recently introduced linear interpolator. The proposed filter also outperforms most nonlinear demosaicing algorithms, without the artifacts due to nonlinear processing, and a much reduced computational complexity. Page(s): 18-25 Date of Publication: May 2013

A promising new star on the IT horizon, Data Warehousing overcomes many of the shortcomings of early Decision Support and Executive Information System. A key to successful Data Warehousing though is to understand that a Data Warehouse is not just a collection of technologies but architecture. Data warehousing methodologies share a common set of tasks, including business requirements analysis, data design, architectural design, implementation and deployment. This paper explains the various components of a matured Data Warehouse architecture. It examines the different evolutionary routes that an organization can take to developing a Corporate Data Warehouse solution. The presented data warehouse architectures are practicable solutions to tackle data integration issues and could be adopted by small to large clinical data warehouse applications. Page(s): 26-28 Date of Publication: May 2013

A brief theoretical foundation has worked and explain the expands upon QAM and FSK modulation in the application of Frequency Hopped spread spectrum systems FHSS. Here by the help of this paper, we mainly concentrate on the Bit Error Estimation in Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum System by the use of Quadrature Amplitude modulation and Frequency shift keying which are mainly used in the area of defense applications. The performance of transmission modes are evaluated by calculating the probability of Bit Error Rate (BER) versus the Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) under the frequently used three wireless channel models AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician [2]. We consider the data rate and data modulation to analyze the performance that is BER vs. SNR and we also consider multipath received signals. The transmission performance had shown by simulation results, modes under different channel models and the number of antennas. We observed that some transmission modes are not efficient in IEEE 802.11b based on simulation results,. This paper provides a systematic approach for evaluating the performance of FHSS operating with coherent M-ary FSK demodulation. The investigations into the frequency hop spread spectrum systems employing different modulation schemes to decrease the BER. There has been much more work done on computing BER of FHSS systems with error control coding by using industry standard convolution coding. Page(s): 29-35 Date of Publication: May 2013

INTRODUCTIONHanumangarh is a city in northern Rajasthan state in western India, situated on the banks of the river Ghaggar. Hanumangarh district, situated at 29° 5' to 30° 6' North and 74° 3' to 75º 3' east, shares its boundaries with Haryana state in the east, Sriganganagar district in the west, Punjab state in the North and Churu district in the South. The geographical area of the district is 9656.09 Sq. Km. The climate of the district is semi-dry, extremely hot during the summer and extremely cold during winter. The maximum average temperature remains 18° to 48° and minimum average is 2° to 28° celcius. The average rainfall during the year is 225 to 300 mm. Page(s): 36-39 Date of Publication: May 2013

For the sharp rejection the DGS is widely used. In this paper we have designed a LPF that is having a sharp rejection using DGS .In this project a compact microstrip low pass filter is designed with sharp rejection using a defected ground structure (DGS) with compensated microstrip. The equivalent circuit for the DGS and its corresponding L-C parameters are extracted by using its S parameters response (EM simulation) and a simple circuit analysis method. The low pass filter is realized and optimized using cascaded DGS to provide a portable size, excellent sharpness in transition with low insertion loss in pass band and wide rejection in the stopband. Observed results show good agreement with the theoretical results. The results are validated by using CST. Page(s): 40-43 Date of Publication: May 2013

Digital watermarking is a technique in which we embed a watermark image into a host image in order to maintain credibility and authencity of the image and thus giving the owner his due credit as internet is vast and full of fraud and malicious people .So we need a technique like watermarking for ownership protection. Many basic techniques like spatial domain and spectral domain watermarking are available but they are quite vulnerable and can easily be detected. In this paper i would describe a robust invisible digital water marking technique which is less vulnerable and also the distortion is quite less and can be applied to all types of image with ease of understanding and implementation .By using the matrix nature of image and by applying matrix operation the work of watermarking has been quite simplified and thus we get a desirable output with least variations. Page(s): 44-47 Date of Publication: May 2013

The authentication protocols based on classic cryptography use public-key cryptosystems for establishing the common key and some of them have been proven to be secure but they require high amount of resources and they need large keys. This kind of protocols is secure enough even if a small key is used this is another advantage. In this paper we presents secure cryptographic authenticated group key transfer agreement and performance evolution of MAC addresses based protocol for distributed network environment. The protocol is developed for group communication and every member of the group has secret information and the communication start when all this information is put together. So, without online two members can’t communicate to each others. We, also, present some situations where this kind of protocol is needed. It’s well known that in wireless LAN, authenticating nodes by their MAC addresses is secure since it’s not easy for an attacker to learn one of the authorized addresses and change his MAC address accordingly. In order to the MAC address prevent spoofing attacks, we propose to use dynamically changing MAC addresses and make each address usable for only one session. The scheme we propose does not require any change in 802.11 protocols and incurs only a small performance overhead. One of the nice features of our new scheme is that no third party can link different communication sessions of the same user by monitoring MAC addresses therefore our scheme is preferable also with respect to user privacy. Page(s): 48-54 Date of Publication: May 2013

We presents in this paper the FPGA design and implementation with performance of low power 64-bit encrypted and decrypted MIPS RISC processor for Data Encryption Standard (DES) , Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Triple DES based on MIPS pipelined architecture. The pipeline stages organization has been done in such a way that pipeline can be clocked at high frequency. Three standard blocks of Encryption and Decryption cryptography algorithms on MIPS processor and through the help of a block diagram dependency among themselves are explained in detail. Power consumption reduces in the MIPS crypto RISC processor with the help of Clock gating techniques. In this methodology of results in processor that meets power consumption and performance specification for security applications. Simulated results show that the MIPS crypto processor operates successfully at a working frequency of 218MHz and a bandwidth of 664Mbits/s. Page(s): 55-64 Date of Publication: May 2013

This paper studies the design of SLIM, which can be used to power capsules in a pneumatic capsule pipeline (PCP) system. The design equations of the SLIM and the equivalent circuit model are studied and discussed in detail and then compared to a similar tubular linear induction motor (TLIM). The SLIM equations and design procedures are developed and its performance is predicted using equivalent circuit models. End effects and edge effects are neglected in this study. The SLIM design algorithm is made completely user-interactive where the user has the convenience of choosing various design parameters like the primary voltage and frequency, number of poles, number of phases and many more. Optimum design parameters are obtained by the iterative procedure of the design algorithm. Page(s): 65-68 Date of Publication: May 2013

A static fermentation was developed for citric acid production from are flower of Madhuka longifolia, flower of Bauhinia variegate, pithy pulp of fruit of Adansonia digitata and flower of Bombax ceaba (200 g). Were cut in small pieces and crushed in mixture machine with 50 ml distilled water. After make final volume 1000 ml with distilled water, then after 100 ml this solution add in separate 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, After add KH2PO4 (100 mg), NaNO3 (400 mg), MgSO4.7H2O (20 mg), and adjust 4.5 initial pH with HCL and 0.1 NaOH. The flask was cotton plugged and autoclaved at 1210 C for 15 minutes. After cooling at room temperature each medium inoculated with 1.0 ml (6.0 X 106) of A. niger (selected strains i.e. A, B, and C) conidial suspension and incubated at 280 C in static incubator for 8 days. After fermentation, the medium was diluted with distilled water (1:4 W/V). The medium was filtered and the filtrate was used for the subsequent analysis. In this study were found that the A. niger –B gives the highest yield of citric acid that is 8.3 grams in given condition, medium and incubation time. Page(s): 69-73 Date of Publication: May 2013