Volume II Issue VI

Photovoltaic systems (PV system) use solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. A system is made up of one or more photovoltaic (PV) panels, a DC/AC power converter (also known as an inverter), a racking system that holds the solar panels, electrical interconnections, and mounting for other components. Optionally it may include a maximum power point tracker (MPPT), battery system and charger, solar tracker, energy management software, solar concentrators or other equipment. A small PV system may provide energy to a single consumer, or to an isolated device like a lamp or a weather instrument. Large grid-connected PV systems can provide the energy needed by many customers. The electricity generated can be either stored, used directly (island/standalone plant), or fed into a large electricity grid powered by central generation plants (grid-connected/grid-tied plant), or combined with one or many domestic electricity generators to feed into a small grid (hybrid plant).Systems are generally designed in order to ensure the highest energy yield for a given investment. Page(s): 01-03 Date of Publication: June 2013

The branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. The term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Artificial intelligence includes  games playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers  expert systems : programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms)  natural language : programming computers to understand natural human languages  neural networks : Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains. Page(s): 04-05 Date of Publication: June 2013

In this era of IT, there is a need of quick response from the technology. Technology which offers quick response is preferred. ith an interface for creating forms with the inbuilt validations. Creating forms is not a big deal but the problem arises when the website goes from static to dynamic that is, when we need to put validations within our website and have to make it secure. In websites, Customer feed backs, product appraises and management appraisals are highly effective market research tools. You can even use the feedback you receive in your website, to shift your advertising efforts, make changes to your packages, switch delivery methods, improve product quality and jst about any thing else, your employees and customers demands. One of the best ways to keep growing in this ever-changing economy is to listen carefully to what people are saying and react quickly to it. This system of Perfect secure form builder features a unique set of functionalities that can be used to measure satisfaction levels. Page(s): 06-12 Date of Publication: June 2013

The software development models follow fixed or iterative design and development approach. There is no scope for dynamic testing in software development process. To make the software development effective and reliable, a new approach is required. We present the new software process model which will address all the concerns and consider each phase of software development as software development process and provide an effective model for software development phases. . Main motive of this technique is to monitor security requirements and identify security threats at each phase. For developing large sized system, still there are some limitations associated with it. It doesn’t have the phase where a developer or organization can impose some security to the code. So the main concern of our technique is security and trademark. Page(s): 13-16 Date of Publication: June 2013

Delivered software is required to be modified because of some fault, user requirement or because of some new included feature. In such case, when the code of some software is modified, it is also required to test the software again. But instead of testing the complete software again, only few selected test cases are regenerated. It is desired that there should be an effective approach so that an optimized solution for test sequence generation can be found out with low cost. Several researchers have used different techniques for fault optimized and cost effective test sequence generation and one of them is DYNAMIC PRIORITIZATION technique which is used for scheduling test cases in an order so that their effectiveness can be increased at meeting some performance goal. In this paper the work done in the regression testing will be discussed as well as current status of work that has been done on Regression sequence generation and some suggestions for its future perspectives will be discussed. Page(s): 17-21 Date of Publication: June 2013

The selected carbon sources which are flower of Madhuka longifolia, flower of Bauhinia variegate , pithy pulp of fruit of Adansonia digitata and flower of Bombax ceaba (100, 150, 200 and 250 g). Were cut in small pieces and crushed in mixture machine with 50 ml distilled water. After make final volume 1000 ml with distilled water, then after 100 ml this solution add in separate 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, After add KH2PO4 (100 mg), NaNO3 (400 mg), MgSO4.7H2O (20 mg), and adjust 4.5 initial pH with HCL and 0.1 NaOH. The flask was cotton plugged and autoclaved at 1210 C for 15 minutes. After cooling at room temperature each medium inoculated with 1.0 ml (6.0 X 106) of Aspergillus niger (selected strains i.e. A, B, and C) conidial suspension and incubated at 280 C in static incubator for 8 days. After fermentation, the medium was diluted with distilled water (1:4 W/V). The medium was filtered and the filtrate was used for the subsequent analysis. In this study there were select four Carbons source which are flower of Madhuka longifolia, flower of Bauhinia variegate , pithy pulp of fruit of Adansonia digitata and flower of Bombax ceaba . And there was found that 200 g flower of Madhuka longifolia is best for citric acid production in all this three strains of A. niger which are A, B and C, the A. niger B is best for citric acid production. Page(s): 22-28 Date of Publication: June 2013

Previous systems have used datagloves, markers or any other input devices for interaction. Hand gesture recognition system provides an alternative to interface devices for human computer interaction (HCI). There are several hand gesture recognition techniques are proposed. In this paper various gesture recognition algorithms are used with Perceptron network. It will recognize static and dynamic hand gestures. In this paper, overview of various different methods for hand gesture are discussed. It has overview of the recognition processes that is edge detection algorithm and skin color detection algorithm. In this, trained and untrained gestures are used for training and testing respectively and the results yields a satisfactory recognition rate. Page(s): 35-41 Date of Publication: June 2013

Current scenario of research shows that testing is a valuable area for every project to guarantee its quality and performance at actual behaviour. Before starting to test a system we first known literature about the remaining problem in project, due to this problem the performance and quality of project may not capture its planned area. So we first search out few of common error in the project. For that we need to clarify the concept of defect, error, fault, failure and other relevant to affect the system performance. In this paper we proposed simple and valuable stages for testing to capture common error and increase the performance of system. The paradigm of actual defect helps to classify the fault type. At last we summarize the paper and concluded with features scope. Page(s): 42-48 Date of Publication: June 2013

I. INTRODUCTION The network model has different nature as the protocol for this is to be designed in the manner that the infrastructure of the cellular network should be considered [1]. The main challenges regarding this are the mobility of nodes and the scalability of the network [2]. Also the performance measurements in terms of energy and the bandwidth efficiency are unknown [6]. In the wireless ad hoc networks all the nodes transmit data towards the source by passing them through the intermediate relaying nodes. The main concept regarding these relaying nodes is that these nodes require processing energy for their transmission success, thus more the number of nodes more is the requirement of the processing energy [6][3]. Whenever single link situation is considered, there is a tradeoff between the energy efficiency and the bandwidth efficiency for wireless multi hop ad hoc networks [1]. The issue for the multi hop network is regarding the scheduling at the link layer and relaying of data at the network layer. It should always be clear that the data in the network is in the form of packets [6]. The whole network considered to be shared medium between all the nodes that can be source, destination or the relaying nodes. It has also been shown that the per node throughput capacity of ad hoc networks with nodes n decreases with n as Θ (1/n log n) 1/2 [3]. The issue regarding this has been shown as the general capacity cost function of channel capacity for arbitrary input alphabets was studied on single link [4]. In the related work the bits per joule capacity of the network is assumed [3]. The tradeoff between energy and the bandwidth has been analyzed under various assumptions on the channel condition and the interference under a linear equidistant relaying network [1]. Page(s): 49-52 Date of Publication: June 2013

Web Usage Mining is the application of data mining techniques to discover interesting usage patterns from Web data, in order to understand and better serve the needs of Web-based applications. Usage data relates with the identity or origin of Web users along with their browsing behavior at a Web site. Web usage mining is deals with the discovery and analysis of usage patterns from Web data, specifically web logs, in order to improve web based applications. Web usage mining consists of three phases, preprocessing, pattern discovery, and pattern analysis. After the completion of these three phases the user can find the required usage patterns and use these information for the specific needs. Web usage mining itself can be classified further depending on the kind of usage data considered. They are web server data, application server data and application level data. Web server data correspond to the user level logs that are collected at Web server. Some of the typical data collected at a Web server include IP addresses, page references, and access time as well as pattern of the users and is the main input to the present research. Web usage mining consists of three phases, namely pre-processing, pattern discovery, and pattern analysis. This paper describes these phases in detail and the current applications of the technique. Page(s): 53-60 Date of Publication: June 2013

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network that can be formed without the need for pre-existing infrastructure in which every node can act as a router. In the MANET has the main challenge is the design of robust routing algorithms that adapt to the frequent and randomly changing network topology. In this paper, we compare and evaluate the performance of three types of On demand routing protocols- Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, Ad-hoc On-demand multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol ,Dynamics Source Routing Protocol(DSR) using the MAC802.16 layer. In this paper we compare three well know On-demand routing protocols AODV, DSR and AOMDV by using three performance metrics packet delivery ratio, average end to end delay and Packet Loss. This comparison has been done by using simulation tool NS2 which is the famous simulator. Page(s): 61-65 Date of Publication: June 2013

Steganography refers to the technique of hiding secret messages into media such as text, audio, image and video without any suspicion, while steganalysis is the art and science of detection of the presence of steganography. It can be used for the benefit of the mankind to serve us as well as by terrorists and criminals for malicious purposes. Both steganography and steganalysis have received a lot of attention from law enforcement and media. In the past, different steganographic techniques with properties of imperceptibility, undetectability, robustness and capacity have been proposed. Newer and more sophisticated steganographic techniques for embedding secret message will require more powerful steganalysis methods for detection. The battle between steganography and steganalysis is never ending. In this paper, an extensive review report is presented for steganography and steganalysis. Page(s): 66-72 Date of Publication: June 2013

Cloud Computing is the result of evolution and adoption of existing technologies and paradigms. The goal of cloud computing is to allow users to take benefit from all of these technologies, without the need for deep knowledge about or expertise with each one of them. The cloud aims to cut costs, and help the users focus on their core business instead of being impeded by IT obstacles. Cloud computing has several distinct characteristics that distinguish it from a traditionally hosted computing environment: • Users often have on-demand access to scalable information technology capabilities and services that are provided through Internet-based technologies. • These resources run on an external or third party service provider's system instead of on locally hosted servers unlike traditional systems directly under the user's personal or institutional control; cloud computing services are fully managed by the provider. • Typically, many unaffiliated and unconnected users share the service provider or vendor's infrastructure. • Using cloud services reduces the need to carry data on removable media because of network access anywhere, anytime. Page(s): 73-75 Date of Publication: June 2013

Recently, Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) can offer various services and benefits to VANET users and thus deserves deployment effort. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are aimed at addressing critical issues like passenger safety and traffic congestion, by integrating information and communication technologies into transportation infrastructure and vehicles. They are built on top of self organizing networks, known as a Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET), Vehicular communication systems facilitate communication devices for exchange of information among vehicles and between vehicles and roadside equipment. Working in tandem with the fielded Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) infrastructure, VANET is expected to enhance the awareness of the traveling public by aggregating, propagating and disseminating up-to -the minute information about existing or impending traffic-related events. In support of their mission, VANET communications, employing a combination of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication are expected to integrate the driving experience into a ubiquitous and pervasive network that will enable novel traffic monitoring and incident detection paradigms. In this paper, we consider that every study should chose the appropriate simulator based on its requirements. Page(s): 76-80 Date of Publication: June 2013

The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of intestinal helminthes infection in children. The stool sample was collected from children from urban as well as rural areas. The sample were collected and transported to field laboratory were ova and cyst tested by using direct saline and iodine wet preparation method infection by at least one intestinal helminthes was found in sample population. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana, Ancylostoma duodenale and taenia species light to moderate intensity of infection was observed. The age group, rural or urban residence, type of water source, boiled or unboiled water, type of defection site level of personal hygiene and maternal education were associated with helminth infection. Page(s): 81-86 Date of Publication: June 2013

I. INTRODUCTION Accurate super cyclone prediction is an important problem for construction activities in coastal and offshore areas. In some coastal areas, the slopes are very gentle and tidal variation makes waterfront distances in the range from hundred meters to a few kilometers. In offshore areas, accurate super cyclone data is helpful for successful and safe operations. The applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) contain a wide variety of scenarios. In most of them, the network is composed of a significant number of nodes deployed in an extensive area in which not all nodes are directly connected. Then, the data exchange is supported by multihop communications. Routing protocols are in charge of discovering and maintaining the routes in the network. However, the correctness of a particular routing protocol mainly depends on the capabilities of the nodes and on the application requirements [1]. Page(s): 87-91 Date of Publication: June 2013