Volume II Issue VII

Facial recognition was the source of motivation behind the creation of eigenfaces. For this use, eigenfaces have advantages over other techniques available, such as the system's speed and efficiency. Using eigenfaces is very fast, and able to functionally operate on lots of faces in very little time. Unfortunately, this type of facial recognition does have a drawback to consider: trouble recognizing faces when they are viewed with different levels of light or angles. For the system to work well, the faces need to be seen from a frontal view under similar lighting. Face recognition using eigenfaces has been shown to be quite accurate. By experimenting with the system to test it under variations of certain conditions, the following correct recognitions were found: an average of 96% with light variation, 85% with orientation variation, and 64% with size variation. Page(s): 01-03 Date of Publication: July 2013

In this phase we are discussing about algorithm, flow chart which is used to solve problem of human gesture recognition. There is a Train Database, from which we will find out equivalent image using principal component analysis . Page(s): 04-05 Date of Publication: July 2013

The three dimensional numerical simulations had been carried out to investigate the influence of target span and configuration on ballistic resistance of thin aluminum target plate. 1mm thick 1100-H12 aluminum target plate was hit by 19 mm diameter ogive nosed projectile. The span was varied as 50, 76, 100, 255 and 760 mm whereas the configuration of 255 mm span diameter target was varied as 1 mm thick monolithic, double layered in-contact (2 x 0.5 mm) and double layered spaced. The spacing between the layers was also varied as 2, 5 and 10mm.The target was impacted normally by ogive nosed projectile to obtain the ballistic limit, failure mode and deformation. Johnson–Cook elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model was considered to simulate the material behavior of 1100-H12 aluminum. The ballistic limit was found to increase with an increase in span diameter. The monolithic target offered highest ballistic limit followed by layered in-contact and spaced targets respectively. The variation of spacing between the layers did not have significant influence on the ballistic limit. Page(s): 06-21 Date of Publication: July 2013

Beside advantages; recent advances and cost reductions has aroused interest in optical fiber sensing. So, the outgrowths of optical fiber telecommunications are combined with optoelectronic devices to develop optical fiber sensors. In past decades several researches have been conducted using optical fiber sensors with different techniques. Intensity, phase, and wavelength based optical fiber sensors are the most widely used sensor types. In this paper the overview, types and applications of optical fiber sensors is discussed. Page(s): 22-25 Date of Publication: July 2013

An improved MPPT converter with voltage and current (perturb &observe) method for photo voltaic (PV)-applications is presented in this paper. The proposed method used to implements maximum power point tracking (MPPT) by variable reference of voltage and current which is continuously changed during some time (up to 5 sec). In this algorithm a slight perturbation is introduce system. Due to this perturbation the power of the module changes. If the power increases due to the perturbation then the perturbation is continued in that direction. After the peak power is reached the power at the next instant decreases and hence after that the perturbation reverses. When the steady state is reached the algorithm oscillates around the peak point. In order to keep the power variation small the perturbation size is kept very small. The algorithm is developed in such a manner that it sets a reference voltage of the module corresponding to the peak voltage of the module. It is also observed that this algorithm fails to track the power under fast varying atmospheric conditions. Page(s): 26-31 Date of Publication: July 2013

In this era of information, need for protection of data is more pronounced than ever. Secure communication is necessary to protect sensitive information in military and government institutions as well as private individuals. Current encryption standards are used to encrypt and protect data not only during transmission but storage as well. Security has become an increasingly important feature with the growth of electronic communication. The Symmetric, or secret key algorithms, a cryptography method in which the same key value is used in both the encryption and decryption calculations are becoming more popular. The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret between two or more users that can be used to maintain a private information link. Secret key cryptography uses conventional algorithm that is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The AES algorithm is capable of using cryptographic keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits to encrypt and decrypt data in blocks of 128 bits. This standard is based on the Rijndael algorithm. All the modules are compared with different families of FPGA platforms . In this paper, methodology of VHDL implementation using Xilinx – software is suggested. Page(s): 32-35 Date of Publication: July 2013

Significant progress has been made towards making adhoc net-works secure and DoS resilient. However, little attention has been focused on quantifying DoS resilience: Do adhoc networks have sufficiently redundant path sand counter-DoS mechanisms to make DoS attacks largely ineffective? Or are there attack and system factors that can lead to devastating effects? In this paper, we design and study DoS attacks in order to assess the damage that difficult-to-detect attacker scan cause. The first attack we study, called the JellyFish attack, is targeted against closed-loop flows such as TCP; Although protocol compliant, it has devastating effects. The second is the Black Hole attack, which has effects similar to the JellyFish, but on open-loop flows. We quantify via simulations and analytical modeling the scalability of DoS attacks as a function of key performance parameters such as mobility, systemize, node density, and counter-DoS strategy. One perhaps surprising result is that such DoS attacks can increase the capacity of adhoc networks, as they starve multi-hop flows and only allow one-hop communication, a capacity-maximizing, yet clearly undesirable situation. Page(s): 36-45 Date of Publication: July 2013

We study the problem of computing multicast trees with minimal bandwidth consumption in multi-hop wireless mesh networks. For wired networks, this problem is known as the Steiner tree problem, and it has been widely studied before. We demonstrate in this paper, that for multihop wireless mesh networks, a Steiner tree does not o er the minimal bandwidth consumption, because it neglects the wireless multicast advantage. Thus, we re-formulate the problem in terms of minimizing the number of transmissions, rather than the edge cost of multicast trees. We show that the new problem is also NP-complete and we propose heuristics to compute good approximations for such bandwidth-optimal trees. Our simulation results show that the proposed heuristics o err a lower bandwidth consumption compared with Steiner trees. Page(s): 56-61 Date of Publication: July 2013

In terms of our contemporary education industry, which offers Products and services based on Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Umpteen products & services are offered in the industry by different Organizations and government bodies in an organized and unorganized way in terms of “courses”. These courses serve both higher and lower segments of education industry; it ranges from small Play schools to Business schools - affiliated by the private universities and government bodies like CBSE, ICSE boards etc. Currently in India & rather across the world role of education cannot be ignored & people are serious about it. In India ample private social trusts are running their schools and colleges and everybody is catering their products and services. Currently our industry focus towards IQ only but in terms of complete development of the student “Complete direction” is required too. We are not denying the fact that IQ does not have a significant role for the development of child .Our concern is 360 degree approach and we will achieve this by creating a healthy mental balance by focusing IQ along with significant focus on Spiritual Quotient (SQ) and Emotional Quotient (EQ), Adverse Quotient (AQ) too. In India our roots are so strong in terms of our culture. Our education system is growing but multi dimensional & that too a balance development is required as a” vision”. Focus toward Emotional Quotient (EQ), Spiritual Quotient (SQ) cannot be ignored. As if till today even, focus of entire education fraternity is lacking towards the fact that Emotional Quotient (EQ) and Spiritual Quotient (SQ) is important. It had been yet ignored more of – that is why we can see “live examples” of these “big scams & corruption” in our political and economical systems. Across the world Human values are deteriorating. After all who is responsible for everything wrong going around us? Our so called “well educated” people & society. It is an alarming situation for all of us. In the later progression of this article we will see how dramatically our “Lab experiments” will prove that contemporary education system lacks in terms of complete development of the child. Only getting educated does not matter a lot – education with values is very important, but current education system is a “failure” reason being it had given us proficient professionals but they lack “values”(Moral & spiritual both) ,we have dynamic leaders in our political system but they also lack in terms “ human values” . Whole society is striving –but the real solution to this problem is “reviewing & monitoring the education systems as per human needs not as human materialistic needs” .Our Current Education Industry has lot more scope to improvise in terms of satisfying the student needs but to serve this noble cause We need to have “Insight & Realization”. A consistent Monitoring is required to follow the eternal path, delivering real education with “passion & Innovation” is important.“Passionate teachers & innovative students” are real assets to any nation. A Nation emerge when knowledge part is properly implemented & followed properly for the progressive cause. Page(s): 62-72 Date of Publication: July 2013

Wimax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. This technology is a telecommunications technology that offers transmission of wireless data via a number of transmission methods; such as portable or fully mobile internet access via point to multipoints links. In this paper, we investigate the evolution and performance of different routing protocol in 802.16 networks. The simulation results show that the Multipath Ad-hoc on demand Vector Routing Protocol (MAODV) has the best performance in terms of the packet delivery fraction, network load, packet loss and E-E delay comparison with other protocols. Page(s): 73-76 Date of Publication: July 2013

Current scenario of research shows that testing is a valuable area for every project to guarantee its quality and performance at actual behaviour. Before starting to test a system we first known literature about the remaining problem in project, due to this problem the performance and quality of project may not capture its planned area. So we first search out few of common error in the project. For that we need to clarify the concept of defect, error, fault, failure and other relevant to affect the system performance. In this paper we proposed simple and valuable stages for testing to capture common error and increase the performance of system. The paradigm of actual defect helps to classify the fault type. At last we summarize the paper and concluded with features scope. Page(s): 77-83 Date of Publication: July 2013

In any geographical area, survey of pravalance of intestinal helminthes are necessary to suggest appropriate control measures. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthes parasite infection in school going children. A cross sectional study was conducted among school going children to determine the current status of intestinal parasitic infection in a rural area. The study was drawn from school in and around the Nandurbar District of Maharashtra stool sample were collected and examined by field workers. Microscopic examination of the stool sample for cysts and ova of intestinal parasite by direct wet smear and iodine solution method. The present study showed the prevalence of 30% intestinal parasitic infection in children the most common parasite was giardia lamblia (7.6%) followed by Hymenolepis nana (5.7%). Page(s): 84-87 Date of Publication: July 2013

Employee retention refers to the ability of an organization to retain its employees. Employee retention can be represented by a simple statistic (for example, a retention rate of 80% usually indicates that an organization kept 80% of its employees in a given period). However, many consider employee retention as relating to the efforts by which employers attempt to retain employees in their workforce. In this sense, retention becomes the strategies rather than the outcome. In a business setting, the goal of employers is usually to decrease employee turnover, thereby decreasing training costs, recruitment costs and loss of talent and organisational knowledge. By implementing lessons learned from key organizational behavior concepts employers can improve retention rates and decrease the associated costs of high turnover. However, this isn't always the case. Employers can seek "positive turnover" whereby they aim to maintain only those employees who they consider to be high performers. One of the greatest challenges facing employers today is finding and keeping good employees. This article describes some effective employee retention strategies that will help you retain good staff and develop a stable workforce. Many executives still cling to the outdated notion that people "go for the gold", that salary dictates all their employment decisions. But for the most part, people want opportunities to grow and learn, to advance in their careers and to work on challenging and interesting projects. They want to be recognized and appreciated for their efforts. They want to feel a part of something that adds value to their community. Page(s): 90-93 Date of Publication: July 2013

The popularity of learning on the internet, the construction of perfect web-based learning environment has become one of the hot points on researching remote education.It is envisioned that, in the near future, cloud computing will have a significant impact on the educational and learning environment,enabling their own users(i.e.,learners, instructors, and administrators) to perform their tasks effectively with less cost by utilizing the available cloud-based applications offered by the cloud service providers. This paper discusses the use of cloud computing in the educational and learning arena, to be called ‟Education and Learning as a Service” (ELaaS), emphasizing its possible benefits and offerings. It is essential for an educational and learning organization, with its budget restrictions and sustainability challenges, to use the cloud formation best suited for a particular IT activity. In this paper, web-based learning environment and the concept of cloud computing are discussed. The lastest development of cloud computing. Page(s): 94-99 Date of Publication: July 2013

India is the seventh spacious country in the world, and the second biggest in Asia. Before the coming of Muslims, the country was shred into small previseing states and there was no concept of Indian nationalism. The Muslim rulers, especially the Mughals, unified the land and gave it a central administration. They called the land Hind and Hindustan, i.e. a country of the Hindus. The name 'India', a Deformation of Hind, was given to her by the British governors. It’s before the emplacement of Muslim rule, there was no history of India. People of particular locality recorded some occasion of certain rulers vaguely. The Muslims took exclusive care to record historical movements and appointed historiographers to do that job. The British administration reconstructed their charts and gave the Hindus a history of the distinct past not barring their self interest to play one society against the other. Page(s): 100-106 Date of Publication: July 2013

INTRODUCTION Peer to peer networks provide a paradigm shift from the traditional client server model of most networking applications by allowing all users to act as both clients and servers. The primary use of such networks so far, has been to swap media les within a local network or over the Internet These networks have grown in their popularity in the recent past and the fraction of network trap c originating from these networks has consistently increased .The growing popularity and high penetration of P2P clients such as KaZaa, Gnutella and BitTorrent have provided virus writers with a potent means of compromising hosts on a large scale. Page(s): 107-111 Date of Publication: July 2013

The important control characteristics of DC motor have contributed in the extensive use of DC motor in the industry. With the increasing use of power semi conductor units, the speed control of DC motor is increasingly getting sophisticated and precise. Speed of the DC motor is controlled by controlling the armature voltage. Armature voltage is controlled using different single phase AC/DC converter. Half converter, semi converter, full converter and dual converter are some of the thyristor based circuits which are used for speed control of DC motor. This paper studies different speed control techniques of DC motor and makes a comparative study of different converter based speed controller techniques. Page(s): 112-118 Date of Publication: July 2013

In this paper a fuzzy sliding mode control is proposed for speed control of indirect field-oriented induction motor drive. First a indirect field-oriented control introduced briefly. Then a sliding mode control is investigated. The proposed control design uses a fuzzy logic technique for implementing a fuzzy hitting control law to remove completely the chattering phenomenon on a conventional sliding mode control. Here to adjust the fuzzy parameter for further assuring robust and optimal control performance, an adaptive algorithm which is derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized. The proposed fuzzy sliding-mode controller is compared with sliding mode controller with external load perturbation using periodic speed command. The simulation results shows that fuzzy sliding mode controller is robust for tracking the periodic command free from chattering. Page(s): 119-125 Date of Publication: July 2013

Low noise amplifiers are one of the basic building blocks of any communication system. The purpose of the LNA is to amplify the received signal to acceptable levels with minimum self generated additional noise. A Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is placed at the front end of the radio receiver which poses a challenge in terms of meeting high gain, low noise figure, good linearity and low power consumption requirement. Using an LNA, the effect of noise from subsequent stages of the receive chain is reduced by the gain of the LNA, while the noise of the LNA itself is injected directly into the received signal. Thus, it is necessary for an LNA to boost the desired signal power while adding as little noise and distortion as possible, so that the retrieval of this signal is possible in the later stages in the system. In this paper, we introduce a systematic method to design a CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) for a radio receiver.The developed LNA implemented in 0.18μm UMC technology using Cadence Virtuoso (R) Schematic editor XL tool by 1.8V supply. Page(s): 126-132 Date of Publication: July 2013