Volume III Issue XII

The clock distribution network consumes nearly 70% of the total power consumed by the IC since this is the only signal which has the highest switching activity. Normally for a multi clock domain network we develop a multiple PLL to cater the need, this project aim for developing a low power single clock multiband network which will supply for the multi clock domain network. This project is highly useful and recommended for communication applications like Bluetooth, Zigbee. WLAN frequency synthesizers are proposed based on pulse-swallow topology and the designed is modeled using Verilog simulated using Modelsim and implemented in Xilinx. Page(s): 01-05 Date of Publication: December 2014

Modern technologies require materials with unusual combination of properties which cannot be met by conventional metal alloys, ceramics and polymeric materials. Especially in defence and space systems, there is a requirement of high performance, specific service conditions which paved a path to development of advanced engineering materials. All the composite materials consist of reinforcement, matrix, and a boundary between them known as the interface. In the present investigation the mechanical and fire resistance behaviour of glass-epoxy and glass-epoxy with filler material as Fly ash composites were tested and analyzed. These composites were prepared by hand lay-up technique with different volume fractions. These composites are subjected to mechanical tests as per ASTM standards, fire tests were also conducted as per ASTM F776-87 standard. The effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and fire properties were computed. . Page(s): 06-09 Date of Publication: December 2014

Semiorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) material, L-Proline barium chloride monohydrate (LPBCM) single crystal was successfully grown from aqueous solution by Slow Evaporation Solvent Technique (SEST) at room temperature. The lattice parameters and space group were determined using single crystal XRD analysis. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern was recorded and indexed for confirmation of crystalline nature of the grown crystal. The presence of functional groups was confirmed from FTIR analysis. UV-Vis-NIR Optical transmittance spectra were recorded in wavelength region 200 - 900 nm. The thermal properties were studied by TG/DTA. Kurtz powder test shows that the crystals having NLO property. The dielectric properties of LPBCM crystal were also studied. Page(s): 10-13 Date of Publication: December 2014

There are many ways to treat cancer ranging from Chemotherapy to immunotherapy, though each method has its own risks and side effects. A common side effect seen in these methods is the collateral damage of healthy cells. Usage of highly optimal, target based drug-delivery system will overcome this side-effect.Also, the cancerous cells may be distributed over a large area in a specific organ that demands repeated targeting of drugs to the same vicinity.Nanotechnology gives promising solutions to these problems. Nanobots are machines or robots whose components are at or close to the scale of a nanometre (10−9 meters).The nanobots can adopt the concepts of swarm intelligence such as particle swarm optimization and artificial bee colony, to stay together and move collectively towards a goal. Swarm intelligence (SI) introduced by Gerardo Beni and Jing Wang in 1989 is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. It is based on the principle of large number of homogeneous agents interacting among themselves locally, without central coordination to produce an emergent behavior.Examples in natural systems of SI include ant colonies, bird flocking, animal herding, bacterial growth, fish schooling and bee foraging. Page(s): 14-16 Date of Publication: December 2014

Unsteady free convective viscous slip flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting and radiating fluid over a semi infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of inclined magnetic field is investigated. The resulting non-linear system of coupled partial differential equations is solved by using regular perturbation technique. The effects of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as on the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are discussed numerically and shown through graphs and table. Page(s): 17-24 Date of Publication: December 2014

FPGA-based hardware implementation of multitasking strategies provide high-performance computing that rival ASICs for performance yet provide programmability and ease of development closer to traditional software systems. Because of their usefulness, such systems are high in demand and have limited availability. Multitasking can be used to increase the utilization of reconfigurable FPGAs. In this proposed system a flexible and up-gradable architecture is provided for using the commercially available reconfigurable FPGA’S. In this system different Multi Tasking Strategies are implemented using VHDL on FPGA. Because it can take advantage of an application parallelism, by using methods to context switch reconfigurable computing resources, multitasking reconfigurable computing systems can be constructed that provide most of the features available in traditional reconfigurable computers. This report describes methods to context switch the resources of a reconfigurable computers, as well as a prototype multitasking reconfigurable FPGA that has been created. Page(s): 25-30 Date of Publication: December 2014

Zinc Tris–Thiourea Sulphate (ZTS) and Nickel chloride doped Tris Thiourea Zinc(II) Sulphate single crystals were grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The unit cell parameters of the grown crystals were evaluated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The powder X-Ray diffraction patterns were recorded and indexed for further confirmation of crystalline nature of grown crystals. The incorporation of Nickel entered into ZTS crystals was confirmed from SEM-EDX analysis. UV-Visible transmission spectra have been recorded to find the cut-off wavelength of grown crystals in non-linear applications.The nonlinear optical properties of pure and doped ZTS crystals were confirmed by Kurtz Perry powder method using Nd:YAG laser source. Page(s): 31-33 Date of Publication: December 2014

Delays on construction projects are a universal phenomenon. For owner, delay means the loss of income and unavailability of facilities. For contractor, delay means the loss of money for extra spending on equipment and materials and hiring the labour and loss of time. They are almost always accompanied by cost and time overruns. Construction project delays have a debilitating effect on parties such as owner, contractor, and consultant in terms of a growth in adversarial relationships, distrust, litigation, arbitration, cash-flow problems etc. Construction delay has become endemic in Indian construction industry. Delay of a project is a main factor and the major cause of construction claims. Therefore there is acute necessity for a detailed analysis of the delay factors and chooses correct actions to minimize the adverse effect of delay on time, within cost and for high quality. This research paper present list of construction delays causes retrieved from literature. The feedback of construction experts was obtained through interviews. Subsequently a questionnaire survey was prepared .The questionnaire survey was distributed to owner, contractor, engineer, architect and consultant. Frequency index, importance index and severity index are calculated. The number of recommendations ends the paper. The findings of this research paper can be used as a reference by project owners, managers, and in various organizations in developing their project management strategies and minimizing construction delays. Page(s): 34-37 Date of Publication: December 2014

This paper presents an effort is made to show the effectiveness of PV solar pump in place of a conventional electric pump in industry. Solar photovoltaic systems performance depends on several environmental parameters like solar insolation, temperature, wind speed and shading. This work focuses on a Matlab/SIMULINK model of 60W photovoltaic panel. In addition, this study outlines the working principle of PV module as well as PV array. This model is based on mathematical equations and is described through an equivalent circuit including a photocurrent source, a diode, a series resistor and a shunt resistor. The developed model allows the prediction of PV cell behaviour under different physical and environmental parameters. Page(s): 38-41 Date of Publication: December 2014

Total Productive Maintenance implementation study in a commercial automobile company is discussed in this paper. This overview is carried out specifically in cylinder bay section by using the observations coupled with documents they practiced. Here, TPM implementation methodology is suggested to make impact and directly contribute for the reduction of downtime, improving Overall Equipment Effectiveness and personnel involvement. The work is explained in five stages in the order that, TPM implementation, questionnaire preparation, data collection, analysis and OEE calculation. The foresaid criterion has been developed to determine the objective of level of success about TPM implementation in the organization. Page(s): 42-48 Date of Publication: December 2014

Formwork system in the construction industry plays major role for the construction of cast in situ reinforced concrete structures. The various significant components in the formwork system are lifecycle and operation (not compromising, speed and quality).The various formwork systems available in the market rather than conventional formwork systems are slip formwork, climbing formwork, insulated formwork, reusable plastic formwork etc.,. Failures in the formwork system lead to increase the construction cost, time and manpower. The main aim of the work is to analyze the various types of failures in construction building projects. At first, various types of failures in building construction projects are listed. They are failure within the formwork systems and failure of formwork systems due to external events. In this study, the enabling and triggering events that cause failures in formwork system are identified. Based on the survey internal and external mode of failure in the formwork system can be evaluated. Collected data to be analyzed using statistical tools analysis method, SPSS (Statistical package for the social sciences) is a statistical analysis and data management software package.This paper deals with the analysis of various causes and events to prevent failure in the formwork system and the various safety measures for formwork are analyzed. Page(s): 49-53 Date of Publication: December 2014

Innovation, design and implementation of new technologies leading environment and societal benefits, is the basis of this project, which aims to provide an alternative to an existing product, giving it added value, generating energy cleanly and storing it for reuse. The development of the idea behind the project deals with the need of using piezoelectric transducers to produce energy by harvesting it from the footsteps. Walking is the most common activity in day to day life. When a person walks, he loses energy to the road surface in the form of impact, vibration, sound etc, due to the transfer of his weight on to the road surface, through foot falls on the ground during every step. This energy can be tapped and converted in the usable form such as in electrical form and can be temporarily stored for later use. Page(s): 54-57 Date of Publication: December 2014

In the recent years, depletion of resources and increased environmental awareness are driving the researchers to develop viable alternative fuels from non conventional resources. The biodiesel has emerged as a most potential alternative substitute for diesel engine on account of its lesser emission. Crude oil derived from cotton seed has high viscosity, low volatility and low cetane number. The biodiesel is produced by transesterification process. Transesterification is a process commonly used to reduce the viscosity of edible and non edible vegetable oils. In the present study, cotton seed oil (CSO) a non edible vegetable oil is converted into cotton seed methyl esters (CSME) by transesterification process. The tests are conducted on a 5.2 kW, single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, water cooled diesel engine for different loads viz 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and maximum load. The properties of cotton seed oil and its methyl esters are determined using standard equipments. The tests are conducted on the engine and combustion, emission and performance characteristics are determined. It is observed that Low Heat Rejection (LHR) fueled CSME performed better compared with LHR engine fueled with CSO and normal diesel engine(NDE). Page(s): 58-62 Date of Publication: December 2014

With the quickly extending Indian road transportation foundation, the road system is experiencing a testing advancement. The adaptable asphalts, which have bituminous layers in top, are more favored in India as these are less extravagant with respect to both beginning and support costs. But the exponential increment in activity, over-burdening of business vehicles and huge varieties in every day and occasional temperatures have demonstrated a few constraints of customary bitumen execution. This requires the interest of changing the property of bitumens with utilization of compound added substances so as to give more durability to asphalt under extreme climatic conditions. In the present study, an endeavor is made to study the precise orderly examination of the properties of VG 10 evaluation bitumen with and without utilizing ethylene vinyl acetate (2%,3% and 4%) and reactive ethylene ter polymer (Elvaloy® 4170) in suitable measurements of 1.5%, 1.8% and 2% by weight of bitumen. To center the effect of high temperature (163°C) and air on developing, proliferation or is finished in the exploration office in the research facility utilizing thin film oven test for reenactment of transient maturing. Page(s): 63-67 Date of Publication: December 2014

This paper focuses on the modeling of methane burner engineering research laboratory (BERL) combustor through non premixed models by CFD approaches and the prediction of methane burning in order to produce energy and the prediction of NOX formation that is, in the form of pollutants .This model works on large eddy simulation (LES).LES mainly works on two parameter that is probability density function (PDF) and mixture fraction.PDF is applicable under non adiabatic condition and mixture fraction is calculated on the basis of mole and mass fraction of element .The aim of combustion process is to reduce NOX formation and produce energy. Page(s): 68-71 Date of Publication: December 2014

This paper covers information on the performance improvement of four stroke I.C engine by using vapor fuel technology. Due to the thermal losses and incomplete combustion, the efficiency of an I.C engine is in the range of 25% to 30%. The efficiency may increase with the reduction in these losses.There are many losses in the engine like heat loss, friction loss, inertia loss, combustion loss etc. In our project we had concentrated in minimizing the heat and combustion losses. For that it is necessary that maximum amount of fuel energy must be absorbed in combustion chamber of engine. The experiment was carried out on the 4-stroke petrol engine in which the convention fuel intake system had been replaced by another system called “vapor fuel system”. In this fuel supply system, the fuel is supplied to engine in form of vapor. So this modification in fuel supply system improved the combustion in combustion chamber minimizing the heat and combustion losses and more power was absorbed by engine so there was the improved performance of the engine. The engine was tested for the both conventional and fuel vapor system and the engine performance was checked for the each case. Page(s): 72-76 Date of Publication: December 2014

Spread of network communications have lead to the requirement of the safe and secure environments .Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a tool used to detect unauthorized access to a network. An IDS usually performs this task in one of the two ways, with either anomaly based detection or signature-based detection. Today’s embedded and network systems need system and data security more than ever before. Encryption algorithms play a major role in the information security systems and can be used for several kinds of data security besides providing authentication, the assurance that a message came from whom it says it came from, and also non-repudiation, a way to prove beyond a doubt that a particular sender was the originator of a message. Present paper proposes the framing of a multistage security model using blowfish algorithm in combination with DSA and Hashing techniques like MD5, SHA1 , SHA256, SHA512 to provide a three stage check to ensure data security, pattern matching for preventing evasion of IDS and authentication before decryption to provide system security. Comparison of different hashing techniques is done to compute digital signature components. Page(s): 77-82 Date of Publication: july 2014

This paper presents the Mix designs of C20, C35 C40, C50 grade of concrete prepared with the combination of OPC, Micro silica and Manufactured sand. Cubes were tested for compressive strength & flexural strength at 7 days, , 28days for above grades . Various tests were conducted on coarse aggregate and fine aggregate to determine specific gravity, bulk density, and fineness modulus of aggregate, The Water cement ratio is kept as per workability requirement. The compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete shall compare for the Mixes with and without Micro silica & manufactured sand Page(s): 83-89 Date of Publication: December 2014

In this paper, we design a wireless wearable ECG (electrocardiogram) system with smartphones for real-time monitoring, self-diagnosis, and remote-diagnosis for chronic heart disease patients before sudden outbreaks.A detection and measurement processor designed by a MSP430 microcontroller accomplishes the analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering, QRS wave detection, and heart rate calculation.The data of ascertain can be sent to smartphone by using wireless communication.The data of detection also can be sent to the central controller and personal computer (PC) by wireless on-chip MG2455 through a wireless network like zigbee network. This design can be used widely in home healthcare, community healthcare, and sports training, as well as in healthcare facilities, due to its characteristics of low power consumption, small size, and reliability. The smart shirt with ECG can be worn by In-patients or out-patients and monitored in real-time. Healthcare professionals can access Patient`s data wirelessly in real time with their smartphones. This system can be useful especially for senior citizens who live alone or have a disability. Therefore, this system can be utilized for remote medical systems to assist the elderly patients, for self-testing diagnostics or for physicians to diagnose diseases of the circulatory system. Page(s): 90-93 Date of Publication: December 2014

Liver cancer is caused due to chronic hepatitis B or C infections, obesity, alcohol, diabetes and hemochromatosis. Computed Tomography (CT) helps the physician to visualize the structures of internal organs of human body. Pre-processing the image using median filter in order to reduce noise in CT images. Segmentation of tumor alone from CT images is difficult. It is essential to segment the liver from CT image first and then segment the tumour from it. For liver segmentation morphological operations is used and tumor is segmented by using fuzzy c means algorithm. From the segmented lesion the features are extracted by using gray level co occurrence matrix (GLCM). The obtained feature was used to train neural network such as Back propagation Neural Network (BPN), support vector machine (SVM) to classify the disease whether hematoma, hemangioma. Comparison of classifiers is done and found out the SVM classifier gives better accuracy than BPN classifier. Page(s): 94-98 Date of Publication: December 2014

This paper is devoted to study of r- Fractional calculus of generalized k- Wright type function introduced by Ram et al [4]. Page(s): 99-102 Date of Publication: December 2014

Bismuth sulfide preparation and its X-ray diffraction studies are reported in this paper. In this study, we have synthesized Bi2Sx (x = 3.15, 3.45) compound material with different Sulfur content by conventional high temperature solid state solvothermal reaction of Bismuth and Sulfur which confirms that the (121) preferred orientation. This paper also describes the synthesis and X-ray diffraction studies of Bismuth sulfide powder via versatile precipitation technique. Synthesized powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction technique which indicates that surfactants play major role in synthesis of Bismuth sulfide. The employed solid state solvothermal route played an important role to progress the homogeneous reaction and preparation of pure and fine Bi2S3 powder. The possible application of this material in photovoltaic devices is suggested. Page(s): 103-105 Date of Publication: December 2014