Volume IV Issue III

Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region. The social and economic developmental activity is highly affected by the complex problem of water scarcity. The day by day increasing water demand aggravates the natural low water availability and makes water scarcity visible to all. Moreover, water shortage has a tendency of occurring recurrently, and the costs to social and economic system caused by it has been increasing during recent years. Groundwater level depletion and shortfall of rainfall are among the significant indicators of water scarcity. A lower than average rainfall imbalances the groundwater water availability. An attempts has been made to develop the relationship between the post monsoon groundwater level from 114 observation wells (2009-2014) and rainfall data (June 2014 - September 2014) by using weighted comprehensive analysis, to find out the water scarcity affected areas and duration of water scarcity in Osmanabad district. The water scarcity affected areas map with respect to duration has been prepared in GIS environment. The study indicates that the Osmanabad district of Maharashtra is one of the most prone areas of water scarcity where total 225 villages of Osmanabad district will have to face water scarcity in future. The water scarcity duration has been divided into 3 phases as October to December (Phase I), January to March (Phase II) and April to June (Phase III). The numbers of villages under the phase wise water scarcity difficulty are 125, 50 and 50 respectively. These challenges will require policies that promote water efficiency, as well as new partnerships that cross-disciplinary and professional boundary. This study can be expect to raise public awareness of water scarcity prone area and duration to improve emergency response capability to water shortage, mitigate the effects and losses caused by it, and active measures to fight with water scarcity. Page(s): 01-05

This paper presents a comparative study of various controllers for the speed control of DC motor. The comparison is made between different controllers. The controllers are closed loop unity feedback controller, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and linear quadratic regulator designed based on the optimal control theory. The performance of these controllers has been verified through simulation results using MATLAB. . Page(s): 06-09

As computing devices become smaller and more numerous, powering them becomes more difficult; wires are often not feasible, and batteries add weight, bulk, cost, and require recharging/replacement that is impractical at large scales. Ambient backscatter communication solves this problem by leveraging existing TV and cellular transmissions, rather than generating their own radio waves. This novel technique enables ubiquitous communication where devices can communicate among themselves at unprecedented scales and in locations that were previously inaccessible. Ambient Backscatter transforms existing wireless signals into both a source of power and a communication medium. It enables two battery-free devices to communicate by backscattering existing wireless signals. Backscatter communication is orders of magnitude more power-efficient than traditional radio communication. Further, since it leverages the ambient RF signals that are already around us, it does not require a dedicated power infrastructure as in RFID. . Page(s): 10-15

In this article, we primarily study current health related physical fitness and health enhancing physical activity of residential school children of Birla Education Trust, Pilani, India. 276 school children, aged 8 to 14 are selected from three residential public schools of BET, Pilani. The present study is undertaken to show the effects of yoga and prayanam on growing children by comparing the PFI test performance of residential school children. Page(s): 16-20

Marine ecosystem is a wide source for industrially important microorganism. Among the marine microorganisms, actinomycetes are a group of bacteria that are widely distributed. They have characteristics in common to both bacteria and fungi and yet they possess sufficient distinctive features to classify them into a separate category. The present study reports bioprospecting of marine actinomycetes. Our findings suggest potential of these isolated actinomycetes as industrially and biotechnologically important enzymes. Page(s): 21-23

Population distribution describes the way that people are spread out across the Earth’s surface1.In this paper my aim is to study about population distribution in aspect of world and India. We also studied about Population density, Urbanization. Population distribution is uneven in the world. Page(s): 24-28

Service suggestion systems increase interaction with users to provide them with a richer experience. This is accomplished by providing the users with related suggestions based on their inputs. With this project, we propose a Keyword Conscious Provision Endorsement aims at presenting a personalized service suggestion list. It aims to act as an intermediate application and tries to bring in the dimension of service provider. Explicitly, the keywords provided are used to indicate users’ preferences. The algorithm used here to generate appropriate suggestions is a user-based Collaborative Filtering algorithm. To address the analysis and processing problems in a Big Data environment, KCPE is implemented using the Map Reduce parallel processing framework. We have also attempted to incorporate certain other small features that produce significant value. Overall the KCPE has been implemented as an application that can be used both by users and service providers effectively and efficiently. Page(s): 29-33

The sustainable development as a strategic tool requires a process of planning and management that brings together a series of interests and stakeholder’s concerns in the form of planning and development. The impacts of coastal tourism on local community involve social, cultural, political and economic issues. Therefore, keeping in view the importance and relevance of the stakeholder cooperation for sustainable coastal tourism development, and the local community/residents being the key stakeholders, the objective of this quantitative research is to study the local Residents’ Attitude in Coastal resort Digha, West Bengal, India- towards the impacts of coastal tourism as also to suggest the strategic interventions for current problems and future needs. In this process the researcher collected primary data from 180 respondents in the study area by survey method and further analysis done through Mini Tab & SPSS using different statistical tools & techniques like- simple statistical calculations, co-relation, regression to come to the conclusion. The study finding suggests that the residents’ participation and co-operation is necessary to make the development more sustainable. Page(s): 34-44

In the education system, student find many counselors who will guide them for a particular career path but generally no one guides the student after entering into the particular career stream. This project is a system which is based on the analysis and suggestions. This is helpful for the students for analyzing their career and choosing the right future path. Results and suggestions or even the career preferences will be provided based on the input which is provided by the student. It will be so adaptive that administrator can handle the database even without knowing the details of the database. The system will contain the whole area of the course in conjunction with the guidelines and necessary crucial information. This project aims to explore an objective and effective mean of analyzing student. The system consists of the basic automated career counseling, guidelines, decision making and so on. The system can obtain the relevant information automatically from students then propose some solutions and recommendations. The analysis starts from when the student gives a thought about taking admission into engineering. Student evaluation plays an important part in university custom relationship management. The system is supposed to guide the candidate regarding his/her academics. Page(s): 45-47

The aim of this paper is to present the elliptical monopole Antenna which covers the Ultra Wide Band 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. This is a simulation based study .The design and simulation of the antenna is carried out using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS 13.0) software. It is widely used technology in many fields such as communication, satellite communication. Our antenna supports resonating frequency 4.32 GHz and 4 GHz for WLAN (wireless local area network), 3.5 GHz for WIMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access). The proposed antenna is designed on FR4 PCB having size 30 mm x 30 mm x 1.6 mm. The antenna exhibits a good VSWR and Return Loss over the entire frequency range. The antenna has been designed according to some suggested and known formulae. Page(s): 48-52

The construction sector is undergoing important technological and organizational changes, and construction companies will have to adapt to these changes in order to survive. For this to happen, we need to incorporate and apply production and organizational techniques from other more advanced sectors. For this, the application of lean production principles to the construction industry - known as lean construction - takes on special importance. This study deals with the various lean practices which should be adopted to achieve lean construction. Also Value Stream Mapping (VSM) a lean tool has been used to take survey at two different construction sites. The observation from survey reveals the time spent on non- productive activities and the means of reducing them as a goal towards attainment of lean construction. Waste in the construction industry has been the subject of several research projects around the world in recent years. It is commonly acknowledged that a very high level of waste exists in construction. Lean construction considers construction materials wastes as potential wastes that hinder flow of value to the client and should be eliminated. The creation of this waste can be prevented by applying lean construction principles. The main tools for the collection of data included questionnaires, interviews and site observations. The target population for the data collection included project managers of building construction organizations and senior consultants of architectural and quantity surveying firms. Microsoft Excel was employed to analyze data obtained. Mean score rankings were adopted for the analysis of data on perception of professionals on lean concepts. Materials storage and handling, operational factors, design and documentation factors and procurement factors were considered as the main sources of waste on building construction sites. Among the causes of materials wastes are last minute client requirement, errors by tradesmen or operatives, purchased products that do not comply with specification and lack of onsite materials control. Page(s): 53-57

Resources management plays a key role in the success of any construction project. Incapable resources usage has its effect on the cost and schedule of a project. Construction contractors usually deploy simultaneous multiple projects under limited resources e.g. labors and machines condition. The resources are always limited in nature.. The main problem of the construction people to make use of the resources in fruitful manner. The most important part of a construction project scheduling is the assignment of resources and the harmonization of their work to minimize the project duration. These problems can reputedly be solved as the well-known problem in the operation research: Resource-Constrained Multi-Project Scheduling (RCMPS).The ever increasing project complexity is the key driver for construction mangers to take up the critical path method (CPM) based scheduling software like Primavera Project Planner. Page(s): 58-61

Recent advances in technology have stimulated wireless communication systems to move towards higher frequencies such as 5 GHz band for IEEE standard 802.11a and HIPERLAN type 2 (H/2) standards. Considering the practical difficulties such as propagation losses and high feeder in the coaxial cable, Integrated Photonic antenna has attracted most of the wireless system designers. This paper, presents the results of the investigation of broad band active Integrated Photonic antenna consisting of photodiode integrated directly with the microstrip patch radiator. This photonic antenna designed to operate at 5.8GHz within 750MHz frequency band. Antenna structure consists of ‘S’ shaped microstrip patch and its various parameters are analyzed for using it in ROF application. An equivalent circuit model for the photodiode is developed to estimate the input impedance (ZPD) as a function of frequency to assist in the impedance matching between the photodiode and the patch radiator. The main purpose of this study is to increase the effective radiated power of photonic antenna to the level useful for indoor applications. The input impedance Zi of the microstrip patch radiator that depends on feeding point position (df) which provides the highest antenna efficiency within the widest frequency band. The return loss is more than at –10dB level over the entire operating (750 MHz) frequency band. The performance of this photonic antenna in the frequency range 5.8 GHz is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Page(s): 62-66

A well designed and implemented working capital management provides significant contribution to a firm’s profitability and helps to maintain liquidity powers. The purpose of this study is to assess working capital adequacy and its impact on profitability; and to investigate the relationship between profitability and liquidity of firms. Working capital refers to the firm’s investment in short term assets. The management of working capital is important to the financial health of business of all sizes. The amounts invested in working capital are often high in proportion to the total assets employed and so it is vital that these amounts are used in an efficient way. The management of working capital affects the liquidity and the profitability of the corporate firm and consequently it’s net worth (Smith, 1980). Working capital management therefore aims at maintaining a balance between liquidity and profitability for conducting day to day operations of the business concern. Inefficient working capital management not only reduces the profitability of business but also ultimately lead to financial crises, Chowdhury and Amin (2007). The study aims to provide empirical evidence about the effects in current assets and current liabilities of Spicejet Airlines, Limited. Page(s): 67-75

Augmented reality is a term in which real-time objects are converted into 3D objects in virtual environment. Augmented In a library, there is a variety of books having same name or same titled keywords but different contents. It is a tedious task to take out books from the library rack every time while viewing the contents. This paper basically introduces an android application which focuses on augmented reality used in a library with the help of internet connectivity. This application is based on image processing. The Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is used as open sourced software that is used to convert the text in the image of book into characters. The application basically captures the image of the books in a library rack and on selecting a particular keyword of a book we get the related books to the keyword and necessary details then on further selection of a particular book we get the contents of the related book. In this paper it is tried to introduce features to simplify selecting books in the library without any efforts. The application introduces easy way to decide books that are needed from the library. The application will be able to function satisfactorily across all android phones. Experimental results show that the image captured should be of good quality and the camera should be more than or 5mp, so that the data or information about books we get from the image is proper or accurate. Page(s): 76-78

Construction activity in India has travelled a long distance in a relatively short period of time. The social concern of safety of construction workers and their protection against injury arising out of their employment is quite evident for a long term. Measures are taken to translate social concern into programs of action-legislative. This Projects Aims at Providing a Healthy & Safe job environment for all workers to carry out their tasks and responsibilities and thus by minimizing impacts of accidents. Therefore it develops a workplace- atmosphere where constant improvement and learning from errors are embraced by all employees. It also afford training to all employees to understand the risky hazards and appropriate control measures. Page(s): 79-82

Text-line extraction in unconstrained handwritten documents remains a challenging problem due to non-uniform character scale, spatially varying text orientation, and the interference between text lines. In order to address these problems, which propose a new cost function that considers the interactions between text lines and the curvilinearity of each text line. To detect text in natural scene images based on two machine classifiers. One is used to generate the candidate word regions and the other filter is used to filter the non text ones. In this the connected components in the images are extracted by using maximally stable external region algorithm and the Connected Components are then partitioned using classifier and cluster them by using their pair-wise relations. Text provides important information about images sequences in a documented image, but it always remains difficult to modify the static documented image. To carry out modification in any of the text matter the text must be segmented out from the documented image, which can be used for further analysis. In this paper we convert image in text file which enable editing options to search, modify etc. Also text in the images was converted into audio sound which may be useful for disabled peoples. Page(s): 83-87

In the simulation of planar five bar mechanism, the objective is to calculate the positions of all the links which are rigid bodies. The planar five bar mechanism has second degree of freedom. There can be two input links. By adding a new constraint to conventional five bar motion generation model, the degree of freedom is reduced to one. This five bar constrained mechanism generates a family of curves. The simulation model allows the user to actually input the mechanism and generate the motion curve. The model indicates the locking positions and user can modify the dimensions. Page(s): 88-92

This is one of the first investigations of consumer motivations of purchasing luxury branded goods in tier-2 cities of India. The purpose of the study is to analyse the luxury market in tier-2 cities of Indian and determine the factors that determine luxury consumption in tier-2 cities. The research identifies the various dimensions of luxury brands consumption and analyse those dimensions in relation to tier-2 city consumers. The luxury value dimensions studied in the present research are quality value, premium price value, social value and brand loyalty value. The data was collected from 300 respondents in Meerut. The results highlighted that in emerging cities of India consumer perceive quality as the luxury brand determinant. Further, strong patron status suggested the ‘bandwagon effect’ among respondents, who place greater emphasis on the effect they make on others while consuming luxury brands and attach less importance to price as an indicator of prestige. Page(s): 93-103

We obtain results on the vanishing of divergence of Concircular curvature tensor with respect to semi-symmetric metric connection on K-contact and trans-Sasakian manifolds. Page(s): 104-109

Education of a nation is one of the foremost and basic requirements and it is considered to be the backbone and the major contributor in national and economic development. it’s a student’s centric service sector which is administrated by teaching and non teaching employees of the school and colleges. Most of the higher educational institutes suffer from acute shortage of faculty and due to lack of adequate employee benefits in teaching profession leads to students dissatisfaction in colleges of Jhunjhunu district. This research article investigated the impact analysis of faculty job satisfaction boost student enrollment in higher education institutes in Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan ). The sample of the study was taken 200 which were collected from both teaching staff and students from various department and colleges, two set of questionnaire was prepared for the collection of data which were tabulated and analysed by Z-test. The result indicated that in today’s fast changing economy faculty members thrive for professional growth ,development ,job security and to secure better position in the future .Salary is not the important motivators of the faculty members and secondly is shows that there is a positive correlation between faculty job satisfaction and students satisfaction which boost the students enrollment in higher educational institute. Page(s): 110-114

In this paper, The JCJ protocol is used to implement I-voting systems architecture. This system provides security to Internet-voting using different security algorithms (like MD9). In this system there are three types of users that are Administrator, Nominator, voters. Each user has different rights to access the I-voting system. The whole I-voting system is controlled by administrator module. They has to verify voters and nominators application and depend upon verification result decides to accept or reject application of that particular user. For verification of voters and nominator the UID and OTP are used. After registration nominator and voter can check election schedule. On the date of election voter has to vote and can see result on the date of result which is scheduled by administrator. Page(s): 115-118

An orange, specifically, the bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) is the most commonly grown tree fruit in the world. Orange trees are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates for the bitter fruit, which is peeled or cut (to avoid the bitter rind) and eaten whole, or processed to extract orange juice, & also for the fragrant peel. Citrus fruits are at the top not only in total production, but also in Economic value. The anti oxidant activity of the orange peel is evaluated by DPPH and HRSA assay and the Anti psoriatic activity is determined by MTT assay. The presence of Phytochemicals like Proteins, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Phenols, Flavonoids,Tannins and Saponins are screened. TLC is carried out in partial purification of Bioactive compounds. Page(s): 119-129

An intelligent toll gate opener using zigbee technology is to overcome the major issue of collision. The zigbee module is placed in both the transmitter and receiver side, the module in the receiver side receives the signal from the transmitter side, which is placed in the vehicle. It maintains the user details of user name, account number, vehicle number and address to verify the user details in the data base. Simultaneously the transaction details of the users is sent to the micro controller and the amount will be reduced from the user’s account, it will intimate the gate control which is supported by a stepper motor to open the strip of the gate, if it is valid. If not, the vehicle will be automatically stopped. Page(s): 130-132

In modern VLSI designs, power consumed by clocking is one of the major issue. Hence, in this paper propose an algorithm for reducing the power consumption by replacing some flip-flops with fewer multi-bit flip-flops without affecting the performance of the original circuit. The flip-flop replacement leading to violation of timing and placement capacity constraints. Some techniques are proposed to avoid this problem. Manhattan distance and co-ordinate transformation used to identify those flip-flops that can be merged and their legal regions. Then, a combination table is built to enumerate all possible combinations. Finally, the flip-flops are merged in hierarchical manner. According to the experimental results, our algorithm significantly reduces clock power by 20-30% and besides power reduction minimizing the total wire length is also considered. Page(s): 133-139

Model Order reduction has been extensively used in study of dynamic behavior of many Engineering and industrial large scale systems as well as Electrical and Electronic systems including microelectronic systems such as integrated circuits. The motivation for appropriate MOR is to obtain an accurate model of smaller order which can be easily simulated and implemented in hard ware with ease saving effort, cost and time. In this paper an analysis of some MOR techniques based on moment matching and Padé approximation and related to Krylov sub spaces more particularly Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation(AWE), Padé Via Lanczos (PVL), Matrix- Padé Via Lanczos (MPVL), Symmetrical PVL (SymPVL) has been carried out. These techniques are applicable to matrix equations resulting when Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to model Electromagnetic wave propagation and radiation problems. AWE methods are straight forward to understand and implement but numerically not stable. Lanczos and PVL methods solve the Eigen value problems, numerically more stable and superior due to their computational efficiency but they can loose passivity for RLC systems. This paper also discusses the ARNOLDI algorithm and improved Arnoldi method like Passive Reduced order Interconnect Macro modelling Algorithm (PRIMA) and SVD Laguerre which are stable as well as retain the passivity. Page(s): 140-143

Association rules are the main technique for data mining. Mining association rules involves a lot of memory and CPU costs .This is especially a problem in data streams since the processing time is limited to one online scan. Therefore, when to update association rules, in real time or only at needs, is another fundamental issue. A new approach is required to update discovered association rules in a database when new transactions are added to, delete from, or modified in the database. However in real time environment, data are added continuously, and therefore, if we update association rules too frequently, the cost of computation will increase drastically. The purpose of the project is to overcome the above defined problem and to present a new approach which may decrease the execution time and increasing efficiency. Page(s): 144-147

In this paper, we considered a deterministic inventory model with selling price dependent demand and time-varying holding cost. The model considered here allows for shortages, and the demand is partially backlogged. The model is solved analytically by maximizing profit function. The results are illustrated with numerical illustrations for the model. The model can be applied to optimize profit function for the business enterprises where the deterioration rate is selling price dependent. Page(s): 148-153

This paper describes security solutions for collecting and processing data in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It includes an overview on security and reliability challenges for WSNs based on the cryptographic techniques. Analysis of securities attacks which includes Passive Attack, Active Attack, Distributed Attack, Insider Attack, Buffer overflow, Exploit attack, Close-in Attack, Phishing Attack, Password attack, Hijack attack and Spoof attack Page(s): 154-158