Volume IV Issue VIII

Red mud is a solid residue Produced during the alumina production by the bayer process from bauxite. The red mud generated by this process is highly alkaline with pH usually ranging from 10 to 13. Due to its hazardous corrosive nature its posing a very serious and alarming environmental problem. Globally there are approximately 90 million tonnes of red mud being produced every year. More than 4 million tons of red mud is generated annually in India only. The amount of the red mud generated per ton of the alumina processed, varies greatly with the type of the bauxite ore used. Due to its hazardous nature it is a great challange to researcher to develop new methods for the application of red mud. Various research work going on for the storage, disposal and utilization of the red mud in all over the world. This paper reviews the current status and future trend of the red mud characterization, disposal, various neutralization methods and utilization in world as well as in Indian context. Page(s): 01-16

Auto drivers play an important role in towns and cities in India. They complement the public transportation facilities to a very great extent. Many people get into this profession with hope of earning a decent income for the benefit of themselves and their families. However, the lives of auto drivers is one of financial struggle with low earnings and savings. The current paper attempts to know the reasons for choosing to drive auto rickshaw. It also delves into finding the relationship between education and different aspects of financial well-being. Page(s): 17-22

A design of small sized, low profile patch antenna is proposed for BLUETOOTH applications at 2.4GHz frequency with inset feeding technique. The patch is design with different parameters like return loss, VSWR, directivity along two directions, radiation pattern in 2-D and 3-D, smith cart , impedance matching are simulated using CST Microwave Studio simulation software. Designed antenna is simulated on FR4 substrate with loss tangent tanδ=0.02. The proposed antenna based on co-axial feed configuration has the maximum achievable bandwidth obtained about 818 MHz (2.35-2.44 GHz) at -10 dB reflection coefficient which corresponds to Bluetooth 2.4 GHz frequency band and the maximum achievable directivity is 6.32 dBi. Simulation and measurement results are compared and discussed. Page(s): 23-27

It is necessary to verify the fault tolerance capabilities of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in the object tracking environment before deployment. In the distributed environment, densely collected tiny sensor nodes are equipped with a variety of sensors. These sensors are able to sense events, compute and communicate with end users. They are sometimes required to track moving objects. Such a tracking task has many constraints. Battery power of nodes, link failure, eavesdropping and sinkhole attacks are some of the challenges that the network has to overcome. Tracking a moving object requires regular updating of sensor nodes and therefore may be very power consuming. Finding the shortest paths between the moving object and the sink may be saving energy but may not be reliable. We propose a energy computing model that is designed to detect the moving objects optimally and can also detect a node which may cause a sinkhole attack in the network. The work proposed here addresses the aspects related to energy efficient object tracking and builds a fault tolerant network with sink hole detection. Page(s): 28-32

Energy is the prime factor in ascertaining real, fast paced and effective development. Electricity is one of the most crucial forms of energy. This paper discusses the generation of energy using agricultural residues as biomass feed to biomass based power plants. India is an agrarian country which has a tremendous potential to utilize this mode of electricity generation. The major breakthrough through this process would be the energizing and empowering of rural India. The paper discusses all the technical, economic as well as socio-economic aspects of implementing this mode of energy production. The three major utilizations of agricultural residues for generation of energy involve: Ethanol, Pyrolysis Oil and Electricity. These agricultural residues can be used as biomass feed to two different kinds of biomass based power plants viz. combustion plants and gasification plants. This paper discusses the various trade-offs of these processes and the usage of agricultural residues as feed to them. The technical as well as economic aspects of these processes are discussed especially referring to India. Finally, analyzing India’s potential and shortcomings we have suggested a general outline of employing this modus operandi of generating energy in terms of electricity and economically empowering rural India. Page(s): 33-38

Aging is a continuous, complex, and dynamic process that begins with birth and ends with death. And unless we die in our early years, each of us will grow old and experience the effects of the aging process. Elderly people are vulnerable to psychological and social crisis and to a typical presentation of illness common to the aged. The most common old age problems are economic dependency, loneliness, insecurity, diminished self-concept, physical illness, perceptual and cognitive problems like diminished vision, hearing and memory. Morbidity increases with advancement of age. However in recent years, the issues or problems of old people in society have increasingly become prominent. There are 81million older people in India-11 lakh in Delhi. Material &Methods :- study was conducted among 200 aged people with a simple random technique from 10-09-2014 to 14-01-2015to assess the physiological and psychological problems of aged and identify the support system available to them in selected urban community of Jaipur Results: The data revealed that Majority (72%) reported to have moderatePhysiological and Psychological problems and (28%) had only mild problems. Majority of were getting support from their relatives and 53 percent enjoy moderate support from friends where as 47 percent have poor support from friends. Interestingly, there was no correlation physiological and psychological problems and support system available to the aged in the community. Conclusion: Physiological And psychological problem of the aged are very common and Social support available for the aged in the society is inadequate and governmental and non-governmental agencies have to take serious steps to improvise in this direction. Page(s): 39-45

Today, the Indian economy is growing at a scorching pace and the real estate sector is growing even faster. Eventually, more and more money is chasing a limited quantity of high-quality property. This makes real estate potentially one of the best investment opportunities out there. However high prices and transactions costs make it a difficult investment for an average investor to take bets on this fast-growing sector. Fortunately, a new investment product called real estate mutual fund is being developed which will make it easier for the average investor to invest his or her hard-earned money in real estate. According to survey, real estate mutual funds "tend to focus their investment strategy on real estate investment trusts (REITS) and real estate companies." real estate investment trusts are companies that buy and manage real estate with funds collected from investors. This study provides an overview of the concept REMF, its working process and certain conditions of investment in REMF. Page(s): 46-50

As CO is extremely dangerous its detection and monitoring is highly essential. In this work 0.1 wt% indium doped ZnO thin films are grown by sol-gel method. Structural and micro structural characteristics of the grown films are investigated from XRD pattern and FESEM micrographs respectively. Gas sensing properties of these films are studied in presence of CO gas by varying the operating temperature and gas concentration. It is observed that these indium doped ZnO thin films can detect the presence of a very low concentration of CO (~ 2 ppm) and exhibit a stable sensing performance. The gas sensing mechanism of these films is discussed. Page(s): 51-53

There is a big challenge in front of doctors in current days is accurate and correct identification of disease. The medical image processing is playing most important role for help of doctors. One of the most dangerous diseases nowadays is cancer. The doctors identify it by observing brain MR image. In this paper, brain MR image is converted into new form which gives easy way of separating all three matters in an image using BBHE. The equalized image is then segmented and white matter is extracted automatically. The tumor present in it also extracted using region based segmentation and area is also calculated automatically. This work will be useful for doctors and will act as supporting tool only. Page(s): 54-57

Electronic travel aid, which convert visual environmental cues into another sensory modality, have proved to help blind people with a great degree of physiological comfort and independence. The main problem of blind people is to detect and avoid obstacles both during outdoor navigation and indoor navigation. Designing an obstacle detector for blind is a challenging task. Although there are many mobility aids available, there are very few which can detect dangerous obstacles. A comparative study of mobility aid for outdoor and indoor navigation purpose is presented in this paper. Computer vision based approach to design a travel aid for blind is discussed. The aim of the design is to develop a FPGA based travel aid that can be used for both outdoor and indoor navigation. Page(s): 58-63

In this paper design of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) for Quarter car semi active suspension system has been done. Current automobile suspension systems use passive components only by utilizing spring and damping coefficient with fixed rates. The vehicle suspension systems are typically rated by its ability to provide good road handling and improve passenger comfort. In order to improve comfort and ride quality of a vehicle, four parameters are needed to be acknowledged. Those four parameters are sprung mass acceleration, sprung mass displacement, unsprung displacement and suspension deflection. This paper uses a new approach in designing the suspension system which is semi-active suspension. Here, the hydraulic damper is replaced by a magneto-rheological damper and a controller is developed for controlling the damping force of the suspension system. The semi-active suspension with controllers reduces the sprung mass acceleration and displacement hence improving the passengers comfort. Page(s): 64-68

Whether you’re using wireless internet in a coffee shop, stealing it from the guy next door, or competing for bandwidth that a conference, you have probably gotten frustrated at the slow speeds you face when more than one device is tapped into the network. As more and more people and their many devices access wireless internet, clogged airwaves are going to make it. One germen phycist. Harald Haas has come up with a solution he calls “data through illumination” –taking the fibber out of fiber optic by sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. It’s the same idea band behind infrared remote controls but far more powerful. Haas says his invention, which he calls DLIGHT,can produce data rates faster than 10 megabits per second, which is speedier than your average broadband connection. He envisions a future where data for laptops, smart phones, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. And security would be snap – if you can’t see the light, you can’t access the data. Page(s): 69-72

Health care organizations now a day’s made a strategic decision to turn huge medical data coming from various sources into competitive advantage. This will help the health care organizations to monitor any abnormal measurements which require immediate reaction. Apache Hadoop has emerged as a software framework for distributed processing of large datasets across large clusters of computers. Hadoop is based on simple programming model called MapReduce. Hive is a data warehousing framework built on top of hadoop. Hive is designed to enable easy data summarization, ad-hoc querying and analysis of large volume of data. As health care and Electronic Medical Records (EMR) are generating huge data, it is necessary to store, extract and load such big data using a framework which support distributed processing. Cloud computing model provides efficient resources to store and process the data. In this paper we propose a MapReduce programming for Hadoop which can analyze the EMR on cloud. Hive is used to analyze large data of healthcare and medical records. Sqoop is used for easy data import and export of data from structured data stores such as relational databases, enterprise datawarehouses and NoSQL systems. Page(s): 73-76

The Government of India defines a P3 as "a partnership between a public sector entity and a private sector entity (a legal entity in which 51% or more of equity is with the private partner/s) for the creation and/or management of infrastructure for public purpose for a specified period of time (concession period) on commercial terms and in which the private partner has been procured through a transparent and open procurement system. The major infrastructure development projects in the Indian state of Maharashtra (more than 50%) are based on the P3 model, other states such Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu also adopted this model. Sector-wise, the road projects account for about 53.4% of the total projects in numbers, and 46% in terms of value. The Eleventh Five Year Plan has estimated that in order to sustain the envisaged high annual growth rate, the investments in the infrastructure sector. Page(s): 77-80

Big Data is the new buzz word in the IT industry, and rightly so. All industries today are facing issues with increasing volumes of data and consequently increasing difficulty in handling and using it for benefit of the business etc. Data mining techniques such as neural networks come to the rescue. These artificial neural networks are unique in their approach, analogous to the human nervous system and information processing. These, aid in discovering hidden information that has proved to benefit the company or organisation using them in their data handling and analysis tools. This paper is a brief into the big data era, the use of data mining using neural networks and a glimpse of the real world application and its results. Page(s): 81-83

Began in the mid-nineteenth century, Rails are the lifeline of our nation. They serve a broad class of our society, especially the middle class people. But with the passage they are posing as a threat for the general public at large while travelling, being the instances of crimes rising fourfold in rails.From the figures of 10672 in year 2000, theft of passengers belongings in railways in India raised to about 18037 in 2013, as reported by Indian railways on its official website, with the instances of robbery rising from 362 to the figure of 1096 for the years above respectively.Likewise, Cases of Drugging under the IPC Offences Reported over Indian Railways has been raised from in the year 2000 to 800 in year 2011. Rails were the lifeline of our nation, they are the lifeline and they will be the lifeline, depending on their usability and condensability, but in order to drive a long term advantage and sustainability, these anomalies needs to be tackled with efficient strength and utmost planning at grass root level. Flowingly, this paper tends to comment upon the same phenomenon while analyzing such instances and the effect extended thereupon of such abuses. It is also been afforded out to suggest out the ways to make the rail tourism comparatively more safer and wishful adding to the strengths of India. Page(s): 84-89

The parameters necessary to establish similitude of sediment are Particle Reynolds number and Shields parameter .Sediment is scaled so that it can move in a corresponding manner both in the proto and model. Similarity between model and proto implies that Shield’s parameter must be same in prototype and in the model. In addition Reynolds number should be equal in the model and the prototype. The accuracy of model study would depend upon realistic simulation of the distribution of suspended sediment on a vertical which is given by equation developed by Rouse. In free surface flow, gravity effects are predominant. Model – proto similarity is performed usually with Froude solitude. In modeling hydraulic structures, river Froude simulation is used. Page(s): 90-94

Standalone Photovoltaic (PV) system requires a proper battery charge controller. In this paper an efficient battery charge controller using Buck-Boost regulator with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is presented. The voltage command is determined by both the PV panel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control loop and the battery charging loop. Here the controller is designed so as to balance the power flow from PV panel to the battery and load such that the PV power is utilized effectively. The design and simulation using MATLAB is presented in this work. Page(s): 95-103

Paints are composed of an extensive variety of hazardous elements, such as carbon-based solvents and dense metals. The application of paint on a variety of fields that present in medical hazards. The repetitive work position involved in the paint shop leads to ergonomically problematic. The main objective of this study is to examine the ergonomically problems & exposure of organic solvents during paint spraying. In this various hazard credentials tools were involved in the process of hazard identification and designing safe working environment for stress free work. Page(s): 104-110