Volume IV Issue X

Safety and stability analysis of civil structures have become one of the most important research areas in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering. This has become imperative due to the increasing stability failures of foundations and embankment slopes as a result of the occurrence of unexpected ground shakes. In this research the dynamic response analysis of highway embankment under different ground modifications was carried out using 2D FEM CAD based software (Geo-Studio) to run numerical model of the highway embankment. The main objective of the present research is to determine the maximum and minimum permanent displacements at the crest, middle and near toe part of the highway embankment body that is subjected to the peak acceleration of an earthquake record. A conceptual model was made of the highway embankment configuration and the engineering properties of the materials modelled are by far large estimates which were refined by data reported by various researchers. Mohr-Coulomb linear elastic model was used for the embankment materials in establishing the initial static stress-strain conditions. The Equivalent elastic constitutive model was used to establish the stress-strain relationship in the dynamic model. Different scenarios of embankment fill modifications were considered. These included normal fill embankment, normal fill embankment with geogrid reinforcement, fly ash fill embankment, fly ash fill embankment with geogrid reinforcement. The maximum vertical and horizontal displacements occur at the crest of the embankment in all three cases of fill material modifications. The maximum vertical displacement of 22cm was observed in normal fill embankment followed by 17.9cm in normal + fly ash fill embankment. In the normal fill geogrid reinforced embankment, 6.8cm of vertical displacement was observed. The least vertical displacement of 5cm was observed in normal + fly ash fill with geogrid reinforced embankment. The fly ash fill with geogrid reinforced embankment prove to be the best performer in seismically active zones. Page(s): 01-06

For a social and economic standpoint prawn farming will remain an important part of the rural economy. From an environmental standpoint impacts of intensive prawn culture will only become exacerbated if the discharge of untreated effluent continues. This could have severe consequences for the industry in the future. Alternative systems, such as nutrient recycling systems, or alternative water treatment strategies are necessary to mitigate negative impacts in the future. The potential for higher farm income through remediation of currently idle ponds will provide a significant incentive for farmers to make them back on scampi farming. Factors encouraging prawn farming expansion are compatibility with agriculture, small farmers can practice in their own land, opportunities for women’s involvement, no interference with mangrove or environment. Revive the scampi industry can made it a major contributor in earning foreign exchange for our country and at the same time play a crucial role to the employment generation and socio-economic upliftment of a major portion of coastal rural fisher folk. Page(s): 07-11

Electricity which forms the life blood of any industry was introduced in the then United Province (U.P.) quite late. A plant having a capacity of 855 KW was setup and made operational in Kanpur on December 23, 1906. This was the first power plant established in the United Provinces. But this sector witnessed a very slow progress in the Province and till 1926-27 only nine towns could be energised. But the British for running their own establishments in India needed supply of electricity. The growth and development in this sector witnessed two distinct phases between 1906-27 and 1928-1947. In the first phase coal based thermal power stations were established and secondly after the digging of the Ganga canals switching over to the generation hydro electricity became possible along the banks of the river Ganga and Yamuna. The motive behind establishment of these power stations was not general public welfare. Low potential supply with limited coverage area left the state power starved till the Independence of India in 1947. Page(s): 12-15

Introduction: Benjamin Franklin once wrote that failing to have a plan is planning for failure. These wise words echo as true today as they did over 200 years ago. "Failing to PLAN is planning to FAIL" Just like an architect who makes elaborate and detailed blue prints before building any structure or work of art. Nurses' use Nursing Process - a patient centered, problem-solving approach, goal oriented method of caring, that enables the nurse to provide care in an organized scientific manner. Material & Methods: a quasi-experimental, one group pre-test, post-test design was adopted to measure the effectiveness nursing process in providing quality nursing care to cardiac patients in selected hospitals of Gwalior.The study was conducted on 200nurses who were providing care to cardiac patients in cardiac patients. Data was collected from October 2014 to December 2014.A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge about nurses about cardiac disease, Knowledge of nursing process and use of nursing process by nurses in providing care to cardiac patients. And aPlan Teaching Program (PTP) was prepared to provide pertinent information about the same. Results: The data revealed that, there is significant difference in mean of pre-test score (3.815) and mean of post-test score (5.67) of nurses about use of nursing process in providing quality patient care. Major findings of study revealed that Plan Teaching Program (PTP) is effective in enhancement of nurses’ knowledge.Use of nursing processbynurses about quality patient careto cardiac patient was significantlyassociated with qualification of nurse. Conclusion: After the detailed analysis of this study shows that effective use of nursing process help in providing quality patient care to cardiac patients, that could also be used for other disease also in hospital as well as community setting. Page(s): 16-21

The East Kolkata Wetlands provide a range of ecosystem services which form the base of ecological security of the entire region and livelihoods of dependent communities. Being a dynamic ecosystem, the bheri is also subject to influence from various natural as well as human factors. Integrated management of the East Kolkata bheris and its catchments is crucial for maintaining the rich productivity of the wetland ecosystem as well as achieving wise use of resources by communities. It is essential to implement conservation measures for proper management of the aquatic resources and suitable measure to be taken for up-gradation of breeding ground, feeding zones and migration area. The bheri fisheries can take a role in the development of fisheries in the state as well as contribute towards the socio economic up liftment of the poor people of the area. Page(s): 22-26

Speaker recognition has become an important tool in crime investigation, since the use of the human voice as an instrument in commission of crime is ever-increasing due to increase in communication. We can identify a person on the basis of acoustical analysis of his/her voice but as we all know there are some limitations against expert in forensic speaker recognition and for this reason the voice evidence is usually accepted as the secondary evidence supporting other scientific facts in the court of law, but in offenses such as kidnapping, extortion, Blackmail threats, obscene calls, harassment calls, ransom calls etc. where the criminal catch aid of telephone or mobile phone for accomplishing their illicit tasks, voice automatically becomes the primary and most valuable evidence for linking the suspect and the crime. One limitation against expert in forensic speaker recognition is the variation in distance between recorder and the mouth of speaker during questioned voice and control voice recording.In this paper, we present a study of variations in mean fundamental frequency and mean energy of the voice recording of a speaker with respect to the distance. We analyzed the range of variation in energy and fundamental frequency for above situation which may further useful to forensic expert to overcome the limitations and achieve precise and accurate results. The results show a very strong influence of the distance variation between speaker and recording device upon mean energy. Page(s): 27-34

Geological domains in North-Eastern India evolved though time after the rupture of the Gondwanaland. Collision of the Indian and the Burmese plates took place during the middle part of Cretaceous. Evolution of the Palaeogene Barail trough, Neocene Surma and Tipam Groups took place gradually. The Barail trough originated at the active margin of the Indo-Burmese plate convergence. The present study evaluates the petrographical studies of sandstone samples from Barail Group occurring in Kohima, Nagaland. It provides informations about mineralogical variations, and provenance of the area. Through the modal analysis it is clear that the sandstone samples fall mostly in the field of Quartz arenite, and point out a continental block provenance field. Framework grains are sand-sized to siltsized particles of mainly detrital origin. The most common detrital grains are monocrystalline quartz (39.0-58.0%); polycrystalline quartz (1.8-9.6%); K-feldspar (2.7-7.2%); plagioclase (1.4-8.5%); collophane (0-3-3.1%); muscovite (0- 1.5%); lithic fragments (2.1-10.4%); heavy minerals (trace). Lithic fragments are predominantly highly siliceous and finely textured. Among the main detrital framework grains, quartz constitutes. Sandstones encountered in the studied Sections have been classified as Quartz arenite, Laminated siltstone, Argillaceous Silstone and Lithic Glauconitic arenite in order of abundance.Further this study supports a humid climate during the deposition of the Barail Group of sediments. Page(s): 35-41

With more and more disposable income available with the people working in the various sectors and with many investment opportunities available, each individual wants to invest in the share market and want to have a sizeable portfolio. The stock brokers and other various intermediary agencies play a vital role in the capital market. The investor may not be aware of the working of the stock market and the stock broking agencies have to take the responsibility of the buying and selling of shares on their behalf. The agencies inform the investors about the various products and services so that they can invest in alternatives that are more profitable and also provide them with wealth maximization products. On many occasions, the investor may not know how to operate the De-mat account, or may not be a computer user nor may have the time and resources to analyze the stock market. In such a situation , the advisory services of the stock broker becomes very essential because it is very difficult for a new comer to predict a particular stock performance as the stock market is most of the time very volatile. The present study is an attempt to study the present relevance of stock brokers and scope for stock broking Industry in the capital market. For this study, secondary data has been used to find out the importance and scope of broking industry. Page(s): 42-47

Calculating the minimum spanning tree of the graph is one of the most important fundamental problem , the least weight minimum spanning tree based on compute (construct) a minimum weight spanning tree that has the least weight edges by using weight matrix. In this paper we have proposed a new method and its corresponding algorithm to construct least weight minimum spanning tree. Page(s): 48-51

We live in the world of digital era of social networking and online information exchange. There are different online services used by users. Digital footprint help web service provider to target appropriate user for their web content and services. In this paper we are going to see what is digital footprint is and its classifications. What are privacy issues it leads to? Role of social networking site in context of generating digital footprint. Page(s): 52-56

Cloud computing is an internet based model that enable convenient, on demand and pay per use access to a pool of shared resources. It is cost effective because of the multiplexing of resources. Cloud computing is technical and social reality today, at the same time it is the emerging technology. Application data is stored in a manner that is device and location independent. Security of the cloud based applications and Data is the key concerns of the cloud computing. The principles of the security are the Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Cloud security is a broad topic and any combination of policies, technologies, and controls to protect data, infrastructure and services from possible attacks. This paper presents the Analysis of the Data Security using RSA Algorithm, RSA is public key based Asymmetric Cryptosystem. Page(s): 57-59

INTRODUCTION The paper “A Study of Impact of Information Technology on Industries to Develop Business- to- Business Relationships” highlights on the fact in which the various communication tools and methods influences the internal management of any company for doing Business-to-Business Relationships. The result of the present research work/paper suggests that both the Buyers & Suppliers in a Marketing Chain uses Information Technology for developing and maintaining business relationships on large scale. The noticeable thing is that suppliers adopt the IT based methods of communication more quickly than the buyers. The growth in the Information Technology sector has really affected the management of developing business relationships in industries. Managers, therefore, need to be known and understand the affect and impact of IT on the nature of communication in order to develop a strong relationship with outsiders.. Page(s): 60-64

In the present study, physico-chemical properties of fenugreek seeds were evaluated. Physical properties were evaluated for storage and equipment design whereas chemical properties were evaluated for nutritional study and product development. The average length, width, thickness, seed mass and geometric mean of the seed ranged as 3.461 mm, 2.061 mm, 1.067 mm, 0.0177 g and 1.990 mm respectively. The average sphericity, 1000 seed mass, bulk density, kernel density, porosity and angle of repose were ranged as 55.81%, 14.40 g, 6.51 (g/ml), 1.190(g/ml), 42.51% and 13.530 respectively. Chemical properties such as moisture, fat, protein and ash content (% dry basis) were found to be 11.21%, 07%, 23.30% and 03% respectively in raw fenugreek seeds where as 13.50%, 6.24%, 24.12% and 3.14% respectively in germinated fenugreek seeds. Germinated fenugreek seeds have higher moisture, protein and ash content where as low fat content as compared to raw fenugreek seeds. Page(s): 68-70

This paper presents a Model to conduct automated regression testing. The model is evaluated for Java software. The efficiency of the model is evaluated from code coverage information. The effectiveness is measured by taking cost model into account. A cost model for automated regression test model is suggested by taking different cost component into considerations. In software industry , test automation is the use of special software, different from software being tested to control the execution of tests and comparison of actual outcomes with predicted outcomes. Test automation can automate some repetitive but necessary tasks in a formalized testing manner or add additional testing the would be difficult to conduct manually. Page(s): 71-74

Milk has been a good source of various nutrients including different vitamins. In this paper quality of milk and comparative study of various vitamins present in the milk is done. Various milk samples was analyzed and found that vitamin A has in negligible as compared to its World Health Origin value while vitamins C and D were found absent. Page(s): 75-77

Refactoring is a crucial process to improve the quality of software. Refactoring is part of software engineering that improves more readability of program and maintainability of the software. Refactoring is a most widely used technique that gives the code simpler, cleaner, reusable, extendable, maintainable or other characteristics by transforming a program. In programming languages, bad smell or code smell is a code or design problem that makes the software hard to understand and maintain the code. Basically, bad smells are structured characteristics of software that indicate a problem, may be need it refactoring of code. In this paper some refactoring techniques discussed that are used to remove code smells from code or program. Simulation has been done for some refactoring techniques like Rename method, Extract method, Move method, Pull up method using Eclipse tool. Eclipse refactoring tool supports the java development language. It has been observed that pull up method is better as compared to other refactoring methods because pull up method dispose the complexity and duplicate code from program. Page(s): 78-83

Genetic algorithms (GA’s) uses the best approach with a structured yet randomized information exchange to form a search algorithm. High overhead involved in flooding while route creation is a limiting factor of Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol applied for mobile ad hoc networks. During data delivery, it seems that DSR provides best route if the route is not long enough. The GA’s efficiently exploiting the historical information to speculate on new search points with the improved performance. GA’s have been applied on two parameters in routing in the network hop count and queue length i.e. number of packets queued up on router’s lines waiting for transmission or forwarding. For better performance of any network path which is selected for transmission should be with lowest hop count and shortest queue length [8]. Page(s): 84-88

This paper presents the study of bidirectional DC to DC converter and comparing with the various existing method techniques. The proposed converter is designed in the manner of closed loop control. By using a controller, we can obtain a high output voltage and high gain by controlling the duty cycle of switches. The DC/DC converter is constructed by a buck-boost circuit, which is operated as a buck circuit when charging and a boost circuit when discharging. So we can use many power related systems, which improves efficiency, lower losses and higher performance. Page(s): 89-93

In recent time there is rapid growth in E-Commerce market. Major concerns for customers in online shopping are debit card or credit card fraud and personal information security. Identity theft and phishing are common threats of online shopping. Phishing is a method of stealing personal confidential information such as username, passwords, credit card details from victims. It is a social engineering technique used to deceive users. In this paper new method is proposed that uses text based steganography and visual cryptography. It represents new approach which will provide limited information for fund transfer. This method secures the customer's data and increases customer's confidence and prevents identity theft. Page(s): 94-96

The existence of wireless technology and the emergence of mobile devices enable a simple yet powerful infrastructure for business application like restaurant management system. Technology can be deployed efficiently to manage all the day-to-day tasks in restaurants. By using a new software-oriented approach we can eliminate a number of counters leading to a savings in space as well as staff for a restaurant .This new approach is a one-time investment as we don’t have to pay salaries to a very large staff. The new system is useful at places where it is difficult to find employees and where labor rates are skyrocketing as the day passes. Moreover in the present day environment where numbers are a measure of progress, there is a need for tools to analyze patterns which can be exploited for designing new sales strategies. The "Wireless customizable food recommendation system using Apriori and K-means algorithm." is a system where we are using Apriori and k-means algorithms for analysis. The Apriori algorithm forms the core of the recommendation system, prompting customers to try popular dishes . The purpose of using k-means is to classify the customers according to their expenditure. Therefore, the proposed system provides automation along with analysis. The proposed system provides automation for Kitchen order ticket (KOT), billing and Customer Relation Management (CRM) as will be seen in the later sections of the paper. Page(s): 97-100

The Wireless Sensor Networks consists of small huge number of sensing nodes which have the sensing, computational and transmission power. Due to the lack of tamper-resistant packaging and the insecure nature of wireless communication channels, these networks are vulnerable to internal and external attacks. The security plays an important role in the ability to deploy and retrieve trustworthy data from a wireless sensor network. The proper operations of many WSNs rely on the knowledge of routing algorithms. This paper represents that the current routing protocols assume the networks to be benevolent and cannot cope with misbehaviour of nodes. The misbehaviour may be due to node being malicious to save the battery power. Whenever any device comes within the frequency range can get the access to the transmitting data and may affect the transmission. Thus, this work has significant importance, to build a highly secure system through frequency hopping. Page(s): 101-104

An ad hoc network is combination of mobile nodes that dynamically make the network which are temporarily in nature. There is no need of any central administration hence more chance to attackers. There are various types of protocols used in Ad hoc network like AODV (Ad-hoc on demand distance vector) protocol, DSR protocol. In this attack, a malicious node advertises itself of having the shortest path to the node whose packets it want to intercept. This works analysis the Watchdog mechanism, comparing destination sequence number, detection of black hole using IDS method, and detection of black hole using DRI are different kinds of black hole detection techniques. DRI is the better technique as compared to other techniques as it can detect more than one malicious node in network. Page(s): 105-107

Internet of Things is an emerging technology and is being developing nowadays. Therefore the communication between the devices is an important factor in IoT. Devices will communicate with each other intelligently, without any centralized control and gather, share and forward the information in a multihop manner, ultimately, the quality of gathered information depends on the achieving device to device communication. In device to device communication, the devices can communicate with each other by using the Bluetooth controller which can be used for establishment of the communication between the devices. The devices interact with physical world using internet protocols and standards in order to collect data from the environment. Thus we are going to present an overview of how intelligent device to deice communication can be achieved in the IoT system. Page(s): 108-109

Flow stress is an instantaneous yield stress needed to remove chip area and depends on strain, strain-rate, and temperature. The flow stress is an important input in metal forming and metal cutting processes. The relation of flow stress with strain, strain-rate, and temperature with some unknown constants is known as flow stress model or constitutive model of work material. Johnson and Cook (JC) flow stress model that considers the effect of strain, strain-rate, and temperature on material property is widely used nowadays in finite element method simulation and analytical modeling due to its simple form and easy to use. The constants of Johnson and Cook flow stress model can be obtained by two methods, which are direct and indirect. In the present study, orthogonal cutting in conjunction with an analytical- based computer code are used to determine flow stress data as a function of the high strains, strain rates and temperatures encountered in metal cutting. The automated technique for flow stress determination, developed in the present study, is easier and less expensive than other techniques such as the Hopkinson’s bar method. The constants of the JC flow stress model can be determine by utilizing an inverse solution of Oxley’s machining theory. Page(s): 110-116

Indian Automotive industry is under considerable strain to make their products more environmentally sound. Not only the automobile themselves, but also the whole production process has to become more sustainable to Achieve India's pledge to stop climate change at world forum. The Automobile industry is one of the major industries in India which have huge energy requirements in the form of both thermal and electrical energy. Manufacturing of automobiles and auto components involves many steps such as casting, forging, painting and electroplating etc that require heat or steam. Thermal energy in form of heat or steam accounts for around 70% of all automobile industry's total energy consumption and while solar collectors can provide a large share of this industrial process heat, the collector technology used depends upon a great deal on the temperatures involved. The use of an appropriate solar thermal technology can have a positive impact on the energy and environmental scenario of Automobile industry at a large. There are various solar thermal technologies including CST technologies that are available for Automobile industries. Flat plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors can be used with a reasonable level of efficiency at temperatures of up to around 130°C but for temperatures higher than this, concentrating collector systems such as Fresnel-Collectors, parabolic dishes and Parabolic-Trough-Collectors can give greater efficiency. Page(s): 117-123

In this study, an attempt has been made to devise a methodology to integrate the WQI with C++ program for an effective interpretation of the quality status of River water. River Kuakhai has been taken as a case study and the physical, chemical and microbial analysis has been interpreted using WQI. From WQI analysis it was found that the water quality of the river is deteriorating each year. It was found that WQI is below 100 in winter in all locations. In summer and rainy seasons the WQI increases many fold making the water not suitable for drinking and other purposes. It was also found that all the parameters are in increasing trend towards D/S as compared to U/S except DO content. It shows the water quality of river is deteriorating towards D/S. Also decrease of DO content indicates the increase in pollution load towards D/S. From the above study it was observed that the water quality towards D/S is deteriorating due to discharge of domestic waste and waste water into the river Kuakhai. The present status shows that the water towards D/S is not meeting the prescribed standard for drinking water quality for river water (Class-A). Page(s): 124-131

Large amounts of data are being generated and stored every day in Organizational computer database systems. Data mining is to discover knowledge from large amounts of data and is widely used in business world. Mining association rules from transactional data is becoming a popular and important knowledge discovery technique. Association rule mining is a data mining task that discovers relationships among items in a transactional database. One of the branches of data mining is Associative Classification (AC). AC algorithms integrate association rules discovery and classification to build a classifier from a training data for predicting the class of unforeseen test data. AC algorithms typically build a classifier by discovering the full set of Class Association Rules (CARs) from the training dataset and then select a subset to form a classifier. CARs are association rules of the form A => c, where A is an itemset and c is a class. Despite achieving high accuracy compared to other classification approaches such as Decision Tree, the approach suffers from the overhead of exhaustive search through a large pool of candidate rules. Moreover, the rule discovery process in traditional AC algorithms is not well integrated with the classification process. Page(s): 132-134

The aim of our present work is to develop a model for capillary tissue fluid exchange system and to investigate the effect of permeability of the tissue and the parameters related to the casson’s fluid model for the blood on the fluid filtration and capillary and tissue pressure. The model consists of single capillary surrounded by porous tissue. The blood in capillary is modeled by casson’s fluid with peripheral layer. The governing equations in the tissue as well as in capillary region are solved using analytical method and computational results have been obtained. It has been observed that filtration decreases as the viscosity of the peripheral layer increases. Page(s): 135-141