Volume V Issue II

Structural failure in asphalt pavements is happened primarily due to fatigue and rutting. To measure rutting performance, the critical vertical compressive strain ( Ez ) at the top of subgrade layer are normally used in the mechanisticempirical (M-E) pavement design process. However, the computation of Ez in a 3-D multilayered pavement structure with distributed loading is a complex phenomenon. This paper attempts to present simple predictive strain transfer function for estimation of Ez , considering 3-D analysis of asphalt pavements. The developed transfer function is validated and found adequate in prediction of Ez . Degree of accuracy has also been justified statistically. ABAQUS software is used for analysis of pavement structures. Page(s): 01-05 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

This paper deals with proposing an algorithm that can solve DLP in polynomial time in certain groups. It is an extension to the general algorithm proposed by Douglas Long and AviWigderson in their paper “How Discreet is the Discrete Log?", except that the main algorithm proposed in this paper works without needing to find any square roots. The first algorithm proposed is a general purpose algorithm, and solves DLP in the general case, but no method has been located to be able to employ that. The second algorithm solves DLP in specific groups, particularly modulo Fermat Prime or Psuedo Fermat Prime groups. This has been discussed in detail, and can be used readily. It may also be used to reveal a certain number of bits of the exponent in other groups. The exponent-construction based algorithm may also find uses in solving DLP in other groups as well, by checking the coprimality of the exponent (and various functions of the exponent) against the factors of N-1. All exponentiations done in relation to the generator are modular. This does not apply to exponentiation of 2 to define the group size, or the complexity analysis. Page(s): 06-07 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

Wind energy is one of the most abundant renewable energy resources on the earth and has been targeted for centuries. Interest among general people is increasing for adopting Renewable energy technologies for energy generation, due to various reasons including depleting energy sources, saving in energy bills, investment subsidies, net metering and other government policies supporting renewable energy sources. There is a great need to generate environment friendly energy and adopt the alternative or renewable energy sources for not only to increases energy efficiency but also to promote sustainable development. This paper discusses the small-scale building level application of Wind energy system with this technical and financial feasibility. Energy consumption in residential buildings is increasing day by day due to extensive use of HVAC and other electrical equipment for more comfort with changing lifestyle. In this study, a sample survey of about 60 Household is conducted in the old city of Jaipur and after analyzing their energy; consumption suitable Wind turbine system capacity is calculated with their costing and payback period. The main objective of this article is to present the financial feasibility of Small-scale wind turbine systems. The study concluded that thought initial cost of the wind energy system is very high but if we consider its long-term feasibility & the payback period with net metering and Govt. incentives, it is a viable option. Page(s): 08-17 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

While buildup in a pipeline can cause transmittal slows or even plugging of the pipeline, cracks or flaws in the line can be disastrous. A form of flow assurance for oil and gas pipelines and flowlines, pipeline pigging ensures the line is running smoothly. In the context of pipelines pigging refers to: The practice of using devices known as "pigs" to perform various maintenance operations on a pipeline. This is done without stopping the flow of the product in the pipeline. Pigs are introduced into the line via a pig trap, which includes a launcher and receiver. Without interrupting flow, the pig is then forced through it by product flow, or it can be towed by another device or cable. Usually cylindrical or spherical, pigs sweep the line by scraping the sides of the pipeline and pushing debris ahead. As the travel along the pipeline, there are a number functions the pig can perform, from clearing the line to inspecting the interior. The current paper focuses on understanding the theoretical & practical aspects of crude oil trunkline pigging. An OLGA model is used to predict the Wax deposition Mass, Peak thickness, Average Pig Velocity & Pig travel time. This model is based on actual pipeline condition, fluid parameter and previous pigging data. Actual results from Supervisory control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) and real time monitoring were found in agreement with the OLGA model. The OLGA model predicted nearly 110 kg of dissolved wax and in actual nearly 40 kg of wax was obtained after pigging the trunkline. The model also accurately calculated the pig velocity considering the backpressure & completed the run in nearly 42.5 hours. This shows that the model which we have developed is competent enough to predict the tunkline behaviour, with fine tuning and history matching more accurate results are possible in near future. Page(s): 18-25 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

Let Pn(theta)=jpgi(w)cos j(theta) be a random trigonometric polynomial such that the coefficients {g1(w), g2(w)…gn(w)} is a sequence of normally distributed independent random variables with mean zero and variance one and the correlation coefficients fij between ith and jth coefficients are constant. 0

Emphasis has been rising over past few years for organizations to be able to more stringently cross-examine the return on investment of the training and development they offer to employees. Soft skills training such as public speaking can be seen as a "good to have" rather than an essential element, and hard / technical skills like programming & quality check are often seen as a box ticking exercise, not always followed up in the workplace to assess effectiveness. Approach of companies is changing. Companies certainly realize the employees training & development is an essential part of organization development. Possibly this is the reason, like budget for recruitment, branding, marketing, maintenance etc., there is something called “Training budget”. This budget needs to be divided into categories of skills, considered to be mandatory, for employees to function effectively in that company. Major challenge is to evaluate where to focus more – Soft skill or Hard / technical skill. This research paper lists down 100s of soft & technical skills that various organizations demand. It aims to bring comparison between tangible and non-tangible gain via soft skill training versus technical training. Also, it puts across certain points about how & why trend is shifting from soft skills to technical skills. Researcher wants to convey his some of the ideas that can increase companies‟ productivity by remarkable percentage withoutany hefty investments. This is a remedy especially for those companies (SMEs, Start-up, etc.) that are running on threshold income and always want to reduce cost. Page(s): 31-33 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

In this paper, we examine the effect of inclined magnetic field on unsteady flow past an moving vertical plate with variable temperature. The fluid considered is viscous, electrically conducting, incompressible fluid, absorbing-emitting radiation in a non-scattering medium. The governing equations are solved analytically by using the Laplace Transform technique. The velocity profile has been studied for different parameters like Hartmann number, Prandtl number, Thermal Grashof number and time. The effects of variable parameters to the velocity are discussed graphically and the numerical values obtained for skin-friction has been tabulated. Page(s): 34-37 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

Streaming is a technique followed by many multi-national organizations mainly for multimedia sharing and also for video conferencing. The data to be streamed generally resides on a single server or a network. These days, increasing size of the data on the servers is causing havocking decrease in the overall user experience in multi-media streaming on various platforms. This paper explains about XStream application which proposes a new method for streaming multimedia data stored on a known server. It also provides guaranteed real-time delivery of the data with maximum utilization of network bandwidth.The client can access the server directly after successful authentication. The server and client can be instantiated on Android devices, Windows Desktop or Laptop. Page(s): 38-41 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

Touch-less Fingerprint Recognition System is a viable alternative to conventional touch based fingerprint recognition system. Fingerprint recognition is one of the application of biometrics that is used for identification of a person. In touch based sensing, many sensors were developed for fingerprint recognition purpose in which the user’s fingerprint is placed on the sensor. Depending upon the pressure applied on a sensor by the person the input fingerprint from one and same finger can vary which may lead to problems like forgery and hygiene. Touch-less fingerprint technology is developed so that the problems in touch based sensing techniques can be depleted as this system avoids physical contact between a finger and sensor. Touch-less system is different from conventional system because they use digital camera to acquire the fingerprint image whereas in conventional system live acquisition technique is used. In touch-less fingerprint system we consider constraint of the fingerprint images that were acquired with the digital camera such as the low contrast between the ridges and valleys in the fingerprint images, motion blurriness and defocus. Touch-less system can be mainly divided into four major parts they are data acquisition, pre-processing, extraction of features and matching. In feature extraction, minutia from fingerprint images are extracted and in matching process the number of minutia pairings between two fingerprints is matched. This project is coded by using MATLAB software. Fingerprint recognition system has been widely adopted for verification purpose because of their reliability as compared to other biometric application. As fingerprint is believed to be unique for each person fingerprint recognition has found its application in various different fields. Page(s): 42-44 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

Milk is a pale liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrums, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Milk contains many other nutrients and the carbohydrate lactose. An emulsion is a suspension of droplets of one liquid into another liquid. Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. Butter is an emulsion of water in fat. The solute is known as the dispersed phase and the solvent is known as the continuous phase. Other examples of emulsions include margarine, mayonnaise, cream, and salad dressing. A colloidal solution is when matter exists in a state of division in between a true solution, which is sugar in water, and a suspension, which is chalk in water. The characteristics of a colloid are small particle size, electrical charge, and affinity of the particles for water molecules. In milk, the whey proteins are in colloidal solution. This paper detects various types of adulteration present in buffalo and cow milk samples. Page(s): 45-46 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of Lime sludge and Fly ash in cement mortar. Recycling is a key concept of modern waste management and is the third component of waste hierarchy. Disposal of lime sludge remains a major challenge. Disposal of lime sludge from water softening adds about 7-10% to the cost of water treatment. Having effective and safe options is essential for future compliance. Lime sludge production is a by-product of water treatment plant and Fly ash is by-product of coal thermal power plants. To date, these by-products are being used in other industrial branches and in the field of civil constructions. Considering the specificity of physical and chemical properties of fly ash and lime sludge and a series of possibilities for their use in concrete, this research work demonstrates the possibilities of using fly ash and Lime sludge together as partial replacements of cement in cement mortar. This research work presents an investigation of compressive strength of cement mortar by adding Lime sludge and Fly ash as partial replacement of cement in various percentages. In this work cement has been replaced by four proportions of Fly ash & Lime sludge. The four proportions are (100 % cement +0 % Fly ash + 0% Lime sludge), (75 % cement + 12.5 % Fly ash + 12. 5% Lime sludge), (50 % cement + 25 % Fly ash + 25% Lime sludge) &(25 % cement + 37.5 % Fly ash + 37.5 % Lime sludge). It has been observed from the 7, 14 and 28 days tests of compressive strength of cement mortar that compressive strength decreases as the percentage of Lime sludge increases in the mix when compared with controlled concrete. Results indicated that the decrease in compressive strength with the increase in Lime sludge replacement. Page(s): 47-50 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

Touch-based fingerprint technology causes distortion to the fingerprint features due to contact between the skin of the finger and sensor device. Touch-less fingerprint technique is used to solve this problem by avoiding contact between the finger and the surface of the sensor fingerprint recognition has variety of biometric security application. Each person has unique fingerprint characteristics in terms of minutia ,pore ,ridge and pattern. It is based on data acquisition methods fingerprint recognition method can be touch based or touch less, with later having advantage in terms or better hygenic, safety and stray fingerprints. In touch-less fingerprint recognition, fingerprints are acquired using a digital camera which has a high resolution. Such systems find applications in numerous fields such as secure access to laptops, computer system, cellular phones, banking, ATMs etc Receiving the simple appearance to overcome such problem ,it is important to focus more on the pre-processing steps. Human fingerprints are unique. Here we use several pre-processing steps on the binary images to enhance the image quality, which is then followed by minutia detection, depletion of feature extraction and false minutia final step is minutiae matching. The main process in touchless fingerprint recognition system is pre-processing & which is classified into four part & that are first normalization, second fingerprint segmentation, third fingerprint enhancement and last is core point detection. Page(s): 51-54 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

INTRODUCTION Services make up the bulk of today‘s economy across India and in developed economies around the world. In todays growing economy, marketing is a systematic process of making the prospective consumers aware about the services available. Marketing is always carried out by following a strategic and preplanned route. Services are intangible products provided either by a business to another business (B2B) or by a business to consumers (B2C). Services marketing relates to the marketing of services, as opposed to tangible products. Marketing is about communicating the value of a product or service to customers or consumers for the purpose of promoting or selling it. The oldest – and the easiest form of marketing – is 'word of mouth' marketing, in which consumers convey their experiences of a product, service or brand in their day-to-day communications with others. Page(s):55-57 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

Decision –making is a process to select best out of different alternatives possibilities. Here every process of decisions produces a final choice that may or May not prompt action .it is the study of identifying the best choice according to decision maker .it is the central part of every activity in every process of decision. Now a day’s soft set theory is taking major role in decision making process .decision making process consists of different activities such as 1) identification of alternatives 2) analysis of alternatives 3) choosing best alternatives 4) evaluation of result. So that the above activities are critical and sensitive in taking decision .therefore soft set is a new approach to help a investor to decide his funds and earn return on their investment. In this paper we have defined soft relation and application in investment decision based on the data collected from male employees working in private and government sectors in Bhubaneswar city, odisha. Page(s): 58-60 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

INTRODUCTION Death is always considered a forbidden topic. One would rarely find people happily engaging in a conversation about death. Some people even say that ‘talking about death, is like giving it an invitation. So no one ever wants to talk about death because death is sad. And when someone dies because they themselves choose to take their life it is devastating. Suicide is the second leading cause of death - following motor vehicle accidents - among teenagers and young adults. On average, adolescents aged 15 to 19 years have an annual suicide rate of about 1 in 10,000 people. Among youths 12 to 16 year of age, up to 10% of boys and 20% of girls have considered suicide. Gay and lesbian adolescents are more likely to attempt suicide than their heterosexual peers. Suicide rates are 5 to 7 times higher among First Nations and Inuit teens. Page(s): 61-63 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

“Material management is the process to provide right material at right place at right time in right quality. so as to minimize the cost of project”. Company has problems in procurement and handling of raw materials not for finished products. Our analysis makes a contribution to the management of inventory in the company. It helps to improve inventories. Page(s): 64-66 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

Tremor is an unintentional, rhythmic muscle movement involving to-and-fro movements (oscillations) of one or more parts of the body. It is defined as unusual departure of line from its intended course resulting in disturbances in performance of fine motor skills. Determining the causes for occurrence of such non-rhythmic handwritten strokes always impose a challenge for document experts. Forensic document examiners when confronted with shaky line writings are likely to be more inclined towards identifying it as a case of forgery, which may not necessarily be true. These irregularities can also be encountered in the handwritings of some genuine writers suffering from old age or having some health issues or due to illiteracy and many more. The main objective of this article is to highlight some handwriting characteristics significant for classification and characterization of the type and causes of tremors appearing in the handwritings of individuals. It will also aid in listing out the condition specific tremor characteristics which can individualize the different forms of tremors from one another. Page(s): 67-69 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

The study of tourism industry got pace now-a-days as it has been identified as the most revenue generating industry by almost all the countries of the world. It gives international recognition to a country, keeps its rich culture alive and also helps many people to earn their livelihood. The research design used in this paper was both exploratory and descriptive in nature and data has been collected from various secondary sources. The findings resulted in identification of the fact that culture and tourism have a strong bonding and are inseparable. Also, culture plays an important role in the promotion of a place as a tourist destination. This study is also helpful for the marketers to maintain a good share of profit in the market. Page(s): 70-73 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016

Tremor is an unintentional, rhythmic muscle movement involving to-and-fro movements (oscillations) of one or more parts of the body. It is defined as unusual departure of line from its intended course resulting in disturbances in performance of fine motor skills. Determining the causes for occurrence of such non-rhythmic handwritten strokes always impose a challenge for document experts. Forensic document examiners when confronted with shaky line writings are likely to be more inclined towards identifying it as a case of forgery, which may not necessarily be true. These irregularities can also be encountered in the handwritings of some genuine writers suffering from old age or having some health issues or due to illiteracy and many more. The main objective of this article is to highlight some handwriting characteristics significant for classification and characterization of the type and causes of tremors appearing in the handwritings of individuals. It will also aid in listing out the condition specific tremor characteristics which can individualize the different forms of tremors from one another. Page(s): 74-76 Date of Publication: 29 February 2016