Volume V Issue VI

The huge cost associated with oil production in an oil reservoir cannot be over-emphasized, the great loss that will result if it fails to produce as expected after the deployment of resources can better be imagined than experienced, hence the need for detailed simulation studies on oil reservoirs. The Governing equations from the conservation of mass for flow was solved using the finite difference technique in the Implicit Pressure and Explicit Saturation (IMPES) scheme utilizing Visual Basics 6.0 language as the computer code. The model was used to predict reservoir pressure and saturation history for each of the phases (oil, water, and gas) in the reservoir for days between 30 and 510 days. A pressure plot of production and saturation history was then obtained. The results showed a continued reduction in the reservoir pressure with increasing production time, and a similar trend was observed for the oil saturation values too. The gas saturation and water saturation on the other hand increased with the production time. However at oil saturation value of 0.2, no further reduction was observed, from which it was concluded that a critical oil saturation of 0.2 exist below which there can be no more production of oil.

We develop a novel technique for resizable Hadoop cluster’s lower bounds, *the template matching rectangular array of counting with counter summarization expressions.* Specifically, fix an arbitrary hybrid kernel function f∶{0,1}n→{0,1} and let 𝑨Af𝒇 be the rectangular array of counting with counter summarization expressions whose columns are each an application of f to some subset of the variables x1, x2,…x3,x4. We prove that Af has bounded-capacity resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity 𝛀(d), where d is the approximate degree of f. This finding remains valid in the MapReduce programming model, regardless of prior measurement. In particular, it gives a new and simple proof of lower bounds for robustness and other symmetric conjunctive predicates. We further characterize the discrepancy, approximate PageRank, and approximate trace distance norm of Afin terms of well-studied analytic properties of f, broadly generalizing several findings on small-bias resizable Hadoop cluster and agnostic inference. The method of this paper has also enabled important progress in multi-cloud resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity..

The Present paper aims significantly analyses the effect of transient hydro magnetic Coutte flow and heat transfer of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid through a porous medium between two infinitely long horizontal parallel plates when upper plate is allowed to move in the presence of uniform transverse magnetic fluid normal to the plates whereas lower plate kept at rest taking injections/suction into account. The channel rotates about an axis perpendicular to the plates of the channel. The non-dimensional governing the transient momentum equation and the energy equation are solved analytically by applying the perturbation technique. The effect of various physical pertinent parameters is discussed on the flow field, the temperature profile numerically and presented by figures. The thermal slip at the lower plate is taken in account. The effect of Skin friction and rate of heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number is shown by tables. Our results reveal that the combined effects of magnetic field (M), rotation parameter (Ω), Prandtl number (Pr), permeability (Kp), injection/suction (Re), heat generation/absorption (S) and thermal slip have significant impact on the hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer. The Problem is very much significant in view of its several engineering, geophysical and industrial applications.

Management of water quality is very important as demand is increases day by day. Water is the most important source for living things on earth which is threatenedon it’s quality and quantity.pH, DO, COD, BOD, Chloride and Hardness are basic water quality parameter. Management of water quality in University campus is important as it is the source of drinking for student’s hostels, departments and irrigation in campus.Deterioration of water quality receives more attention to mapping the current situation of water quality parameter provides the better management of resources. Water sample collected from various resources located in Dr.BAM University campus during dry period, whereas when entire Marathwada including Aurangabad under great water stress. Interpolation methods facilitate to estimate values for unknown point and create a continuous dataset to study the spatial distribution. The IDW (inverse distance weighted) and Spline tools are deterministic interpolation method and Kriging are based on a statistical model. Krigingthe best fit method of interpolation was used with help of Geographic Information System (GIS) software Arc GIS 10.2 to visualize the spatial distribution of above water quality parameters. This study has shown that kriging interpolation and statistical analysis perform better mapping of water parameter.

This paper presents the design and fabrication of multiband fractal co-planer waveguide (CPW)-fed slot antenna having defected ground structure (DGS) which confirms the multiple wireless standards. Minkowski fractal geometry is applied on an octagon which provides a miniaturized design and generates multiple bands. Defected ground structure is used to improve the bandwidth and gain of the antenna. The slot loop formed is acting as a hybrid antenna as it performs both the task of antenna and also of a feed mechanism which is required by a dielectric slab to radiate. The proposed antenna exhibit multiple frequency bands, thus we can call it as multi-band antenna.

The CBR values of the soil which is one of the factors representing the strength characteristics of the soil will be significantly affected by the addition of waste plastic that is obtained by the shredding of waste beverage bottles. The percentage addition of plastic and the aspect ratio of the plastic strips provided with varying number of perforations, influence the results to a considerable extent. The CBR value of the soil increased with the increase in plastic content percentage and also as the aspect ratio and perforation numbers increased the CBR value considerably improved. The improvement in the CBR properties by the addition of plastic waste can be effectively made use of in the construction of landfill sites, making of pavement for light traffic conditions, in reducing the thickness of the pavement layer and for supporting foundation soils which possess low tensile strength etc. with a minimal cost factor and also facilitating effective reusage of plastic waste generated.

Milk contains many other nutrients and the carbohydrate lactose. An emulsion is a suspension of droplets of one liquid into another liquid. Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. Butter is an emulsion of water in fat. The solute is known as the dispersed phase and the solvent is known as the continuous phase. Other examples of emulsions include margarine, mayonnaise, cream, and salad dressing. A colloidal solution is when matter exists in a state of division in between a true solution, which is sugar in water, and a suspension, which is chalk in water. The characteristics of a colloid are small particle size, electrical charge, and affinity of the particles for water molecules. In milk, the whey proteins are in colloidal solution. Milk is a pale liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrums, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Milk may contain some harmful microorganisms like bacteria along with some potentially beneficial microbes. Microbiological analysis of milk is carried out to determine the degree of bacterial contamination in milk and to understand the chemical changes brought in milk as a result of microbial action. Pasteurization is done to destroy such harmful bacteria. If pasteurization of milk is not carried out properly there will be presence of larger count of bacteria in the milk. Methylene blue Reduction test is used to detect the presence of bacteria in milk. This test works on the principle that the methylene blue indicator is present in an oxidized form, but in the presence of bacteria, leads to the reduction of this indicator in a comparatively short span of time. The blue color developed on addition of the indicator to the milk will change to white color within a short period indicates the presence of bacteria in the milk and thus denotes improper pasteurization. Milk may contain some harmful microorganisms like bacteria along with some potentially beneficial microbes. Microbiological analysis of milk is carried out to determine the degree of bacterial contamination in milk and to understand the chemical changes brought in milk as a result of microbial action. Pasteurization is done to destroy such harmful bacteria. If pasteurization of milk is not carried out properly there will be presence of larger count of bacteria in the milk. Methylene blue Reduction test is used to detect the presence of bacteria in milk. This test works on the principle that the methylene blue indicator is present in an oxidized form, but in the presence of bacteria, leads to the reduction of this indicator in a comparatively short span of time. The blue color developed on addition of the indicator to the milk will change to white color within a short period indicates the presence of bacteria in the milk and thus denotes improper pasteurization..

Curved beams represent an important class of machine members which find their application in components such as crane hook, c – clamp, frames of presses etc.The stress analysis of the critical section of the curved beam is a crucial step in its design. There are two analytical methods used for stress analysis of curved beams: a plane elasticity formulation and Winkler’s theory. The Winkler’s theory has long been the primary means of curved beam stress analysis in engineering practice.The paper describes the method of stress analysis of a U – shaped specimen, the base of which represents a curved beam using the standard Winkler’s theory and a follow on experimental stress analysis using strain gauges. The specimen is loaded such that a known bending moment is applied to it. The circumferential stresses along the critical section of the curved beam are determined using Winkler’s theory. During the follow – on experimental procedure, an aluminium U – shaped specimen is instrumented with several strain gauges along the critical section. The gauges are used to measure the circumferential strains along the critical section. The circumferential stresses are then calculated using Hooke’s law. Together, the analytical method and lab experiment illustrates many essential elements of experimental stress analysis of a curved beam.

An X-shaped multiband fractal antenna is presented.FR4 substratehas been used,having thickness of 1.6-mm on which fractal is fabricated.X-fractal has desirable radiation pattern and good reflection coefficient. The proposed antenna can be used for multiple applications such as WLAN, Bluetooth, IMT etc. Effects of different iterations of fractal antenna are separately discussed.By applying of slotted shape defected ground structure (DGS), return loss graph goes to a great extent. Design and simulation has been followed through Computer Simulation Technique (CST).

Milk may contain some harmful microorganisms like bacteria along with some potentially beneficial microbes. Microbiological analysis of milk is carried out to determine the degree of bacterial contamination in milk and to understand the chemical changes brought in milk as a result of microbial action. Pasteurization is done to destroy such harmful bacteria. If pasteurization of milk is not carried out properly there will be presence of larger count of bacteria in the milk. Methylene blue Reduction test is used to detect the presence of bacteria in milk. This test works on the principle that the methylene blue indicator is present in an oxidized form, but in the presence of bacteria, leads to the reduction of this indicator in a comparatively short span of time. The blue color developed on addition of the indicator to the milk will change to white color within a short period indicates the presence of bacteria in the milk and thus denotes improper pasteurization. Milk contains many other nutrients and the carbohydrate lactose. An emulsion is a suspension of droplets of one liquid into another liquid. Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. Butter is an emulsion of water in fat. The solute is known as the dispersed phase and the solvent is known as the continuous phase. Other examples of emulsions include margarine, mayonnaise, cream, and salad dressing. A colloidal solution is when matter exists in a state of division in between a true solution, which is sugar in water, and a suspension, which is chalk in water. The characteristics of a colloid are small particle size, electrical charge, and affinity of the particles for water molecules. In milk, the whey proteins are in colloidal solution. Milk is a pale liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrums, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Milk may contain some harmful microorganisms like bacteria along with some potentially beneficial microbes. Microbiological analysis of milk is carried out to determine the degree of bacterial contamination in milk and to understand the chemical changes brought in milk as a result of microbial action. Pasteurization is done to destroy such harmful bacteria. If pasteurization of milk is not carried out properly there will be presence of larger count of bacteria in the milk. Methylene blue Reduction test is used to detect the presence of bacteria in milk. This test works on the principle that the methylene blue indicator is present in an oxidized form, but in the presence of bacteria, leads to the reduction of this indicator in a comparatively short span of time. The blue color developed on addition of the indicator to the milk will change to white color within a short period indicates the presence of bacteria in the milk and thus denotes improper pasteurization. This paper detects various types of adulteration present in the milk sample..

The present project focuses on solving the problem faced by the farmers in separating the seeds from the sunflower. Farmers use the manual methods due to unavailability of suitable machinery for sunflower threshing. During manual sunflower production, the most time and labor-consuming operation is the threshing of sunflower by beating the sunflower heads with a stick, rubbing wear heads against a rough metal surface or power tiller treading machine. The aim of the project is to fabricate a machine which will separate the seeds from the sunflower. The main components required to fabricate the machine are Blades, Shaft, Pulley, Disk plates, Blower, Hopper, Tray, Sieves, Motor, V-Belt and Pillow Block Bearings. The sunflower threshing unit operates on the principle of axial flow movement of the material. The sunflower is threshed in a closed threshing unit by rotating blades where the seeds are separated from flower and husk of the flower is removed through blower. Finally the cleaned seeds are collected in a Tray.

Microstrip Patch Antenna is generally used in modern communication devices due to its low cost and small area. But have narrow bandwidth so they have limited applications. Bandwidth enhancement is done by using various slot shapes in combination with different feed geometries. The slots can be of various shapes such as ‘U’ shaped, ‘E’ shaped and rectangular shaped slots. Here, the proposed wide-slot antennas employ E-shaped slot. The E-shaped radiating slot is etched on a rectangle substrate with a relative dielectric constant. A substrate of low dielectric constant is selected to obtain a compact radiating structure that meets the demanding bandwidth specification. The characteristic impedances of the microstrip lines are nearly 50Ω. This design is simulated using ‘‘Integral Equation three Dimensional’’ (IE3D) software package of Zealand. The simulated results show that the antenna resonates at 2.66GHz and has bandwidth upto 12%.

Milk contains many other nutrients and the carbohydrate lactose. An emulsion is a suspension of droplets of one liquid into another liquid. Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. Butter is an emulsion of water in fat. The solute is known as the dispersed phase and the solvent is known as the continuous phase. Other examples of emulsions include margarine, mayonnaise, cream, and salad dressing. A colloidal solution is when matter exists in a state of division in between a true solution, which is sugar in water, and a suspension, which is chalk in water. The characteristics of a colloid are small particle size, electrical charge, and affinity of the particles for water molecules. In milk, the whey proteins are in colloidal solution. Milk is a pale liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrums, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Milk may contain some harmful microorganisms like bacteria along with some potentially beneficial microbes. Microbiological analysis of milk is carried out to determine the degree of bacterial contamination in milk and to understand the chemical changes brought in milk as a result of microbial action. Pasteurization is done to destroy such harmful bacteria. If pasteurization of milk is not carried out properly there will be presence of larger count of bacteria in the milk. Methylene blue Reduction test is used to detect the presence of bacteria in milk. This test works on the principle that the methylene blue indicator is present in an oxidized form, but in the presence of bacteria, leads to the reduction of this indicator in a comparatively short span of time. The blue color developed on addition of the indicator to the milk will change to white color within a short period indicates the presence of bacteria in the milk and thus denotes improper pasteurization. Milk may contain some harmful microorganisms like bacteria along with some potentially beneficial microbes. Microbiological analysis of milk is carried out to determine the degree of bacterial contamination in milk and to understand the chemical changes brought in milk as a result of microbial action. Pasteurization is done to destroy such harmful bacteria. If pasteurization of milk is not carried out properly there will be presence of larger count of bacteria in the milk. Methylene blue Reduction test is used to detect the presence of bacteria in milk. This test works on the principle that the methylene blue indicator is present in an oxidized form, but in the presence of bacteria, leads to the reduction of this indicator in a comparatively short span of time. The blue color developed on addition of the indicator to the milk will change to white color within a short period indicates the presence of bacteria in the milk and thus denotes improper pasteurization..

Microstrip patch antennas are useful in antenna wireless applications because they are simple, lightweight and cheap to fabricate, and compatible with printed-circuit technology. A small and compact triple-band microstrip-fed antenna with defected ground plane for Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT-4.5 GHz) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN-2.4/5.2 GHz) is designed.The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular radiating metallic patch with symmetrical maze shaped slots and defected ground plane. The proposed antenna is small (15×15×1.6 mm3) when compared to general multibandpatch antennas. The antenna proposed is designed and simulated using computer simulation technology (CST). The simulation and measurement results show that the designed antenna is capable of operating over the 2.4–2.5 GHz, 4.4–5.0 GHz, and 5.1–5.39 GHz frequency bands. Radiation pattern and acceptable antenna gain are achieved over the triple operating frequency bands.

This project aims to Design and fabricate pneumatic arm for pick and place of cylindrical objects. The handling of materials and mechanisms to pick and place of objects from lower plane to higher plane and are widely found in factories and industrial manufacturing. There are number of pneumatic arms are available which consists of so many mechanisms hence becomes expensive. The designed pneumatic arm consists of two cylinders, a shaft works with lead screw mechanism capable of converting motion of piston to rotational motion of arm with help of using compressed air. The designed processes are carried out based on integrated information of kinematics dynamics and structural analysis of the desired robot configuration as whole. The highly dynamic pneumatic arm model can be easily set at intermediate positions by regulating the pressure using the flow control valve. It can be used in loading and unloading of goods in a shipping harbour as the movement of goods is done from lower plane to higher plane.

When we talk about mutual funds, putting all our eggs in a single basket is never a wise decision. This is due to the market volatility and the risks involve in it. But one can minimize risk by distributing his investments among various financial instruments, industries and many more options. Here the intent is to maximize returns by investing in diversified areas, where each would react differently to the same event. This not only buffers the impact of a market downturn, but also allows for more potential rewards by offering a broader exposure to various stocks and sectors. A mutual fund is a pool of money from various investors who wish to save or make money. Investing in a mutual fund can be more easier than buying and selling individual stocks and bonds on our own. Investors can sell their shares when they want. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the financial performance of SBI mutual funds.

Liver is the largest organ of body, located in the upper left of abdomen and performs various important functions like clearing toxins from the blood, production of blood proteins and bile to help in digestion. However, liver diseases are one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Liver diseases like cysts, hepatitis, tumors need to be detected and diagnose at early stages. In this study we have developed a CAD system which will analyze textural characteristics associated with Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) statistical parameters for CT Scan DICOM Images of Liver which will be further useful to classify the liver as healthy or diseased.

Milk and milk products form a significant part of the diet and a substantial amount of our food expenditures goes on milk and other dairy products. Milk is very valuable food, readily digested and absorbed. It consists of nutrients, which are needed for proper growth and maintenance of body. Milk may contain some harmful microorganisms like bacteria along with some potentially beneficial microbes. Microbiological analysis of milk is carried out to determine the degree of bacterial contamination in milk and to understand the chemical changes brought in milk as a result of microbial action. Pasteurization is done to destroy such harmful bacteria. If pasteurization of milk is not carried out properly there will be presence of larger count of bacteria in the milk. Milk contains many other nutrients and the carbohydrate lactose. An emulsion is a suspension of droplets of one liquid into another liquid. Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. Butter is an emulsion of water in fat. Milk is a pale liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrums, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. This paper detects various types of adulteration present in the milk.

Far too many ideas die in lost notes and cleaned up whiteboards. This paper explains how we can capture every “eureka moment” just the way it hits us, and take it through to execution. The paper proposes to create a desktop client (called, Innovation Management Software-IMS) that allows a user to register his/her ideas along with attaching images or URL to explain the idea just by clicking on an icon in the system tray. The system will have a provision of user profile creation and idea details submission form. The users can view their own ideas and also the repository of the ideas submitted. The industry concept of collaborative idea management will be implemented in the system by suggesting similar or complementary ideas to the user via notifications. This is achieved by matching of keywords from the user's idea with those from ideas of other people. Upon successful matching owner details are displayed to the user and emails are sent to both the parties to foster collaboration amongst them. As a future enhance-ment, the IMS aims to integrate with systems that can track the realization of an idea into a product after expert evaluation. Hence, the IMS aims to ensure that the "right ideas" actually end up meeting an organization's relevant innovation needs..

In this paper we developed Complex demodulator with application in mind as Ultrasound Imaging. The main objective is to model in MATLABTM, hardware architecture implementation in Verilog HDL adopting 1.15 fixed point data representation and synthesizing using XILINX ISE® Spartan6 FPGA as target. The developed architecture consists of input memory, LUTs, Mixers and FIR filters which convert complex modulated signal stored in 1.15 format into in-phase (I), and quadrature-phase (Q) channel outputs each of signed 32 bit. The hardware based results have been compared and validated with entire demodulator modeled in MATLAB® and finally the error values are calculated. The maximum working frequency of the design can be as high as 151.777MHz with minimum period of 6.589ns utilizing 8 clock cycles per symbol and proved to be simple, convenient as well as hardware resource saving than other conventional implementation methods.

Milk has been a good source of various nutrients including lactose and casein. We check quality of milk and detection of lactose and casein present in the milk. In this paper various milk samples was analyzed and found that Casein and Lactose values were negligible as compared to its World Health Origin value.

Nowadays, twitter has become one of the most prominent platform for information sharing and information exchange. It is beneficial for the people using Social Media to get relevant information about what is happening around the world. Sometimes, the information obtained is faster than the information obtained through news channels and newspapers. However, the amount of information stored inside the database can create a situation of quandary and often it becomes a mammoth task for users simply reading the tweets to extract the exact sentiment behind the tweet. If it was possible to classify the exact sentiment behind the tweet, various decisions regarding prediction and classification can be taken based on the analysis. In this paper, we will analyse the recent tweets based on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and will co-relate the results of the analysis with the actual stock and the Index prices.

The purpose of image restoration is to “compensate for” or “undo” defects which degrade an image. Image restoration is a most significant technique that processes a high-level image and it handles the image by recovering the original image. Applying numerous algorithms and methods in a cleared sharp image. Most of the times while capturing pictures process degradation i.e. degradation in picture happens. It is essential for corrupted data to get the original sharp image. Image restoration and deblurring is required in digital pictures dealing. This paper contains the existing research works methodology, pros & cons, performance etc. It also includes the comparative analysis between various techniques and the basic abstraction properties of the previous methods..

Introduction After the approval of the licenses to the 11 new Private Payment Banks1 by Reserve Bank of India, one question emerges that “Can the new generation Payments banks really make a dent in the current payment ecosystem?” This is the major concern for this paper studying the future of the payment banks and the various challenges faced by both the traditional and payment banks in increasing the customer penetration for providing the financial inclusion.

Porous carbon foam is considered as a suitable material to enhancement of convective heat transfer results from the passage of fluid through the open, interconnected void structure, exposing the fluid to large surface area. This was proved experimentally by comparing a bare copper pipe and copper pipe wrapped with porous carbon foam. With the same heat input; porous carbon foam has shown a noticeable enhancement (30 to 55%) in convective heat transfer. The various properties of porous carbon foam, their different applications and its production processes are also discussed. The results are presented with the help of suitable graphs and the phenomenon of heat transfer enhancement is explained in detail. A brief discussion presents in this paper on the application of using porous media (e.g., Carbon foam) to enhancement of convective heat transfer results are found in good agreement with each other and experimental results are comparatively shown with the help of suitable graphs.