Volume VI Issue IV

Autobiography is one of the best the suitable genres to study the Muslim women’s experiences of their life. This genre is chosen by women to express their deference and resistance. Ismat Chughtai is one of the famous Urdu writers of India, describes her childhood in a large Muslim family and also focuses on the discrimination showed between boys and girls in family and in the society. This paper critically examines how Muslim girl’s education is effected by region, religion gender discrimination through the autobiography of Ismat Chughtai ‘A Life in Words’. The autobiography describes various situations prevailed in the Muslim household and society in the pre independent era. Gender discrimination, religion and region have effected girls’ education adversely. The Gender discrimination did not allow girls to be treated equal to boys to get education and the religion has put them behind Purdah. The Islamic society of U.P forced her father to withdraw his daughters from the school.

Natural sand is most commonly used fine aggregates in the production of concrete possess the problem of acute shortage in many areas. Quarry dust can be used as an economic alternative to the natural sand. In this investigation an attempt is made to utilize quarry dust as a partial substitute for natural sand in producing concrete. Natural sand is replaced by Quarry dust at an interval of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Mix proportions for M20 concrete is prepared with reference to IS: 10262-2009 and IS: 456-2000 for the study of workability. Compressive strength and Flexural strength test results are compared with the conventional concrete. The strengths were obtained at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. Compressive and Flexural strength increased marginally from 5% to 15% replacement. There is a slight decrease in the corresponding compressive and flexural strength at 20% replacement. Good correlation was observed between compressive strength and flexural strength. It was observed that the addition of quarry dust that would replace the fine material at particular proportion has displayed an enhancing effect on properties of concrete. This investigation proves that quarry dust can be used as a partial substitute for natural sand in preparing concrete.

Response Surface Methodology was employed for studying the biosorption of reactive dyes from textile effluent by utilization of dead biomass of *Rhizopus Arrhizus* in a batch system. Central Composite Design at the specified combinations of four variables (pH, biosorbent dosage, speed of agitation, contact time) was adopted to achieve maximum biosorption. The fitted quadratic model (P<0.0001) was used to arrive at the best operating conditions. Under the following optimum conditions i.e., pH 2.0; biosorbent dosage 3 g /L; speed of agitation 80 rpm and contact time 60 min, 99.60% of the dyes were removed from the wastewater. The mechanism of biosorption was elucidated by FTIR, XRD and BET analysis. This work demonstrated the feasibility of employing *Rhizopus Arrhizus* as an effective and economical fungal biosorbent for the removal of dyes from the textile effluent. .

River sand is becoming scarce and meeting the demand of fine aggregates in the construction industry is becoming a challenging task. In this investigation an attempt is made to utilize gold ore tailings as a partial substitute for river sand in producing concrete. River sand is replaced with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% gold ore tailings and the resulting fine aggregates were used in concrete mix and it is compared with conventional concrete. Mix proportions for M20 concrete were obtained for five mixes as per guidelines given in IS: 10262-2009. Workability, compressive strength and flexural strength are reported. The strengths were obtained at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. Compressive and flexural strength increased marginally from 5% to 15% replacement. There is a slight decrease in the corresponding compressive and flexural strengths at 20% replacement. Good correlation was observed between compressive strength and flexural strength. It was observed that the addition of gold ore tailings that would replace the fine material at particular proportion has displayed an enhancing effect on mechanical properties of concrete. This investigation proves that gold ore tailings can be used as a partial substitute for river sand in preparing concrete.

An organization always focuses on getting success day by day. And employees are the major resources of it. Manpower is now no longer taken as resources , but the capital or asset to the company. Therefore it is only possible to gain success if it is having its employees engaged to the company. This study focuses on various aspects of employee engagement. A descriptive study is carried on to find out the key drivers to engagement and also some outcomes of the concept were found out and accordingly a model is proposed. Results demonstrate that Reward System , Job enrichment , Effective leadership ,Scope of advancement & self-development, Employment security, Self-managed team & decision making authority are the primary factors that brings commitment towards the organization. The consequences can be briefed as increased productivity , profitability and improved employee turnover. The company where employee are engaged and satisfied, gains a good perception and attention in the market.

Android platform is gaining popularity and holds more users than other platforms. Earlier Librarian needed to keep track of books in a vast room. But evolution of the computers, smart phones and internet have made the work much easier. LIBKART application helps the users to access their required information and queries without the help of computers or the librarians but through their android devices which saves their time and energy. In this paper we provide an efficient access over library system using a Smartphone application named as LIBKART. The main purpose of this paper is to provide an easy access to library and to provide details of library books, issue of books and notify the user due dates of book being issued. The paper also aims at providing a reference section of books where the books can be downloaded through permission from admin. The user can access the newspapers on daily basis and can also download university question papers.

This paper is about the proposal of automated leukemia detection approach. In a manual method trained physician count WBC to detect leukemia from the images taken from the microscope. This manual counting process is time taking and not that much accurate because it completely depends on the physician’s skill. To overcome these drawbacks an automated technique of detecting leukemia is developed. This technique involves some filtering techniques and k-mean clustering approach for image preprocessing and segmentation purpose respectively. After that an automated counting algorithm is used to count WBC to detect leukemia. Some features like area, perimeter, mean, centroid, solidity, smoothness, skewness, energy, entropy, homogeneity, standard deviation etc. are extracted and calculated. After that neural network methodology is used to know directly whether the image has cancer effected cell or not. This proposed method has achieved an accuracy of 90%.

Energy is one of the principle driving forces in the present world, it is transforming our lives and shaping our future. However, the conventional energy sources are lessening due to increase in population and exploitation of energy day by day. To overcome this problem, we need to implement the techniques of optimal utilization of conventional sources for conservation of energy. The present research article includes how renewable energy can be harnessed when the vehicles passes over a speed breaker using piezoelectric material. The concept of piezoelectricity from speed breaker is to harness energy, which is lost inevitably on daily basis. Kinetic energy of moving vehicle induces mechanical deformation of embedded piezoelectric material therefore produce electricity. This green energy can be used to recharge batteries, lighting street or used to offset some of the power coming from the main grid. The energy, which was lost on consistent basis, can now be the source of energy and help for greener tomorrow. .

Online Grocery Retailing is slowly developing and gaining its importance in the field of E-Retailing. But the online grocery retailing has not penetrated the minds of customers very successfully as expected. Therefore to identify the gap, the research title was developed and the survey was done with the objectives to know the level of awareness of the customers have towards Online Grocery Retailers, and further to know the various difficulties faced by customers in the process of online grocery purchase. Some of the major findings are 32% of respondents strongly agree that, the online grocery purchase is a complicated process, 37% of the respondents agree that, they face difficulties in returning the products, 34% of the respondents strongly agree that there is a lack of security in the process of online grocery purchase. Finally the study was concluded stating that there are certain problems faced by customers in online grocery purchase, if these problems are addressed the online grocery retailing will soon be very successful than traditional grocery retailing.

There is a rising need for individuals to take responsibility of the advancement of their own learning and careers for various reasons. Career ladders are rapidly shrinking because of the increasing competition all around us. Career development has become the primary responsibility of people working in the Organization. Therefore the need has arisen for personal branding which will be an effective way to eliminate one’s competitors and to climb the ladder of success. The objective of this study was to find out the need for personal branding, awareness of personal branding among people and tactics of using personal branding for building one’s career. Our exploratory study examined and reviewed historical facts and past literature. Questionnaire was prepared and got filled by various people working in different fields. It was found that people are somewhat aware of creating self brand and there is a significant influence of personal branding on one’s career growth. This study also showed that improving one’s personal style, creating online profile, building strong relationships, enhancing your qualification etc assists in building one’s personal brand.

Fly ash, a waste generated by thermal power plants is as such a big environmental concern. The investigation reported in this paper is carried out to study the utilization of fly ash in cement concrete as a partial replacement of cement as well as an additive so as to provide an environmentally consistent way of its disposal and reuse. This work is a case study on fly Ash collected from CTPS Bokaro .This research was experimentally carried out to investigate the effects of introducing Fly Ash(FA) as a Partial Replacement of Portland Slag Cement (PSC) on the physical and structural properties of Concrete.Consistency, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength of concrete with 0% ,5% ,10% ,15% and 20% partial replacement of PSC with FA has been conducted and result is calculated at 7 and 28 days.

India is a agricultural based county where approx 70% of population depend on agriculture. Now a days the plant disease detection is very important because agriculture is the backbone of the county like india. Farmer is not aware what type of disease plant having and how to prevent them from these diseases. To overcome from these we are going to develop a technique in which we can able to detect plant disease using image processing technique. This includes following steps: image acquisition image pre-processing, feature extraction and at last we apply a classifier know as neural network.

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is a method of finding images from a huge image database according to persons’ interests. Content-based here means that the search involves analysis the actual content present in the image. As database of images is growing daybyday, researchers/scholars are searching for better techniques for retrieval of images maintaining good efficiency. This paper presents the visual features and various ways for image retrieval from the huge image database.

Secured transmission of data is an important concern now a days. A number of techniques are available for hiding and transmitting the data through the images. It may be a simple or a complex technique. In the receiver part if the host image is recovered without any loss it is said to be reversible data hiding. In this paper it is proposed to compare the reversible and lossless data hiding techniques where both the host image and the hidden data can be recovered without any loss. There are many techniques that is presented as block based, pixel based and interpolation based techniques. In the past data was embedded in encrypted images with irreversible data hiding and now it is reversible .The PSNR and the data hiding capacity que for these methods are compared in this paper.

Heavy metals are commonly released in the wastewater from various industries. These heavy metal ions are toxic to both human beings and animals. The toxic metals cause physical discomfort and sometimes life threatening illness and irreversible damage to vital body system. The present work investigates the potential use of Ocimum sanctum for the removal of iron and lead from wastewater. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) a medicinal plant, is used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.

Testing is the process of finding as many errors as possible before software is delivered to customer. Since, there are various testing techniques available to establish quality, performance and reliability of software but Mutation Testing and Regression Testing is focused in this paper. Mutation testing involves manipulating program slightly and testing it with intention to find effectiveness of test suite selected. Regression testing intends to find bugs in software, if software is modified after delivery either due to result of fixes or due to new or enhanced functionality. The use of regression testing is to check that enhancements have not affected previous functionality as well as working correctly.

Ad-hoc wireless networks are dynamic in nature. Ad-hoc networks are not depends on any predefined infrastructure. Whenever there is need of communication at that point these network can be deployed. In this paper we discuss Vampire attacks. All protocols susceptible for vampire attack. Vampire attacks are very easy to carry out throughout the network and difficult to detect. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the foremost promising research direction in sensing and pervasive computing. Previous security work has focused totally on denial of service at the routing or medium access management levels. Earlier, the resource depletion attacks are thought about solely as a routing drawback, very recently these are classified into new category as “vampire attacks”. Planned work examines the resource depletion attacks at the routing protocol layer that disable networks permanently by quickly debilitating node’s battery power.

Heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer or “HIT” solar cells are considered favorable for large-scale manufacturing of solar modules, as they combine the high efficiency of crystalline silicon c-Si solar cells, with the low cost of amorphous silicon technology. This article is based on the ambient temperature and the defects density in the Hetero-junction with Intrinsic Thin layers solar cells (HIT) strongly influences their performances. In this paper the structure: ITO/a-Si:H(p)/a-Si:H(i)/c-Si(n)/a-Si:H(n)/ITO is presented where we study the effect of the ambient temperature and the defects density in the gap of the crystalline Silicon layer and amorphous Silicon intrinsic layer on the performance of the heterojunction solar cell with intrinsic layer (HIT). The structure is simulated in AFORS-HET simulation software environment.

Wireless Sensor Networks are the latest trends in the market due to the demand for communication and networking among the wireless network devices. The routing protocols are used in the Wireless Sensor Networks for efficient communication of data between sensor nodes. The designs of routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks are very concern because they are influenced by many challenging factors. To design the networks, the factors needed to be considered are the coverage area, mobility, energy power consumption, communication capabilities etc.. Broadcasting is an inevitable operation in the route discovery phase of AODV protocol. A probability based AODV is proposed, it uses nodes remaining energy and threshold random delay to generate the rebroadcasting of route request packet. The route request packet of AODV is modified to gather nodes remaining energy strength. The performance of probability based AODV is compared with AODV over packet delivery fraction, normalized routing overhead, delay and average acquisition latency. NS-2 based simulator is used to evaluate the performance of routing protocol.

An attempted has been made to evaluate the strength and performance characteristics of cold mix bitumen using reclaimed asphalt. An experimental result obtained from laboratory testing of the physical and mechanical parameters of the recycled material, in which the material from the existing pavement layers were analyses. The air void content, Marshall stability and flow of the recycled mixtures were investigated. The tests were performed on the road base mixtures incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) with bituminous emulsion. It was observed that the reclaimed asphalt was having impact strength of 10%, crushing strength of 8.2%. It is significant to note that the reclaimed aggregate which was subjected to loading condition already was still showing very good strength properties. The maximum stability obtained from optimum binder content was 384 kg which is a very good value for a cold mix made up of reclaimed asphalt aggregate. The flow value obtained was also 5.06 mm as observed. The aim of the tests was to evaluate the properties of the mixes in terms of the recycled aggregates. Satisfactory results were obtained.

nowadays, there are a lot of medical images and their numbers are increasing day by day. These medical images are stored in large database. To minimize the redundancy and optimize the storage capacity of images, medical image fusion is used. The main aim of medical image fusion is to combine complementary information from multiple imaging modalities (Eg: CT, MRI, PET etc.) of the same scene. After performing image fusion, the resultant image is more informative and suitable for patient diagnosis. There are some fusion techniques which are described in this paper to obtain fused image. This paper presents two approaches to image fusion, namely Spatial Fusion and Transform Fusion. This paper describes Techniques such as Principal Component Analysis which is spatial domain technique and Discrete Wavelet Transform, Stationary Wavelet Transform which are Transform domain techniques. Performance metrics are implemented to evaluate the performance of image fusion algorithm. An experimental result shows that image fusion method based on Stationary Wavelet Transform is better than Principal Component Analysis and Discrete Wavelet Transform.

Mild steel is the base material most commonly and widely used in ship and pipe building material. The purpose of this project is to analyse the different coating material like aluminium, zinc and Nichrome using thermal spray process and to select the suitable coating material for mild steel which resists corrosion better. The main aim of this research is to analyse the corrosion of coated mild steel in its first stages, in order to determine its corrosion rate and to select the suitable coating material for corrosion resistance of mild steel.

In this era where competition is increasing day by day in the corporate world training and development has become one of the important key to achieve success. Training is an important subsystem of Human Resource Development. It is a specialized function and is one of the fundamental operative functions for known resource management. Development is a long-term educational process utilizing a systematic and organized procedure by which managerial personnel get conceptual and theoretical knowledge. Basically, it is an attempt to improve the current or future employee performance of the employee by increasing his or her ability to perform through learning, usually by changing the employee’s attitude or increasing his or her skills and knowledge. These types of training and development programs help in improving the employee behavior and attitude towards the job and also uplift their morale. Thus, employee training and development programs are important aspects which are needed to be studied and focused on. This paper focusses on the advantages of the training and development for the employee’s.

The concept of ‘financial inclusion’ was introduced by the reserve bank of India in April 2005 with an objective of delivering financial services to the economically challenged and underdeveloped segment of the society at an affordable rate. RBI encouraged the formal banking sector as well as the microfinance sector to provide soft loans and savings facilities especially to the poor with a flexible documentation process to attract them under the umbrella of RBI. This will not only improve the financial stake of the low-income group of the country, but also ensure them a safe investment and will increase the portfolio size of the bank and NBFCs. In 2014, The Government of India announced ‘Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna” to expand the financial inclusion project by bringing more people under banking and banking spread sector. On 8th November 2016, Mr Narendra Modi, Prime minister of India ceased 500 and 1000 rupee notes as legal tender which can be termed as demonetization. Although the immediate mission was to eradicate black money, fake money and terror financing; it can be considered as a way forward to the ‘Jan Dhan Yojna” and hence can be used as a strategy instrument of imposing financial inclusion across the country. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of demonetization in implementing financial inclusion in India. In spite of the fact that demonetization will force the people to make their transaction through bank and NBFCs , there are serious challenges like the liquidity crunch of the cash based segment of the economy, the bank and digital literacy issues etc. In this paper the challenging issues have been addressed as well as the bottleneck of financial inclusion in post-demonetization period has been discussed by identifying the crucial parameters like percentage of people having bank account, the percentage of people uses mobile and /or internet, the literacy percentage of the country, the policy of the banks, the documentation requirement of the bank and feasibility of the poor section etc.

This paper highlights the problems associated with single pulse width modulation, the most important being high harmonic content in output voltage. A comparative study with Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Technique is done highlighting the reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion of the output voltage waveform.

Human Resource Management is the pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals. HRM appears to be significantly linked with the overall effectiveness of the organizational performance. The HR department’s representation in the strategic decisions of the organizations has become necessary for the organization to achieve goals. Quality HR strategies, policies and procedures are required for the organizations to address various practices like compensation management, industrial relations, performance management, training and development, talent acquisition and retaining, employee engagement etc. Implementing the best human resource practices is the preferred approach for improving quality and productivity in organizations and managing the risk aspects associated with it. It is necessary to understand the growing importance of risk management which is associated with the human resource practices like Outsourcing, Corporate Culture, Non-Monetary Rewards, Strategic Change, Performance Management, Organization’s Performance, Organization’s Ability to Pay, Personnel Management, IT Governance etc., which will have an impact on the production, financial and marketing decisions. This paper concentrates on the study of compensation management and the risk associated with it. And understands the role of HRM to prevent the risks and improve the effectiveness of the organization.

It is an attempt to develop the mobile networks to have a wireless voice call happening without the help of the towers. Our main aim is to remove the towers in the communication process. The towers have been hazardous to Living Organism. This project mainly consists of Raspberry pi and Wi-Fi router. We used two raspberry pi kits of version 3 with Wi-Fi inbuilt on it which can access till the distance of 30 meters,which is used to develop a voice call application to transfer the voice through the Wi-Fi communication. It would be possible to expand this communication by the use of WIMAX which would be able to communicate in the range of kilometers. For live transmission of audio and video, we have used VOIP (voice over internet protocol) with the help of gstreamer and gst-launch libraries, IEEE standard 802.11 for wireless network, LCD screen for GUI interface ,programmed in Python language as it is recommended by Raspberry pi foundation and is freely available for LINUX, Windows operating system. A hardware implementation is developed and the results were analyzed for performance. .

Notice Board is a primary thing in any institution / organization or public places like bus stations, railway stations, schools, universities and parks. But pasting various notices day-to-day is a difficult task. A person is required to take care of these notices display. The GSM technology was initially developed in Europe which depicts protocol for second generation of cellular communication system that has gradually advanced over the years. GSM system has evolved as a replacement for first generation analog cellular networks. The advanced architecture and services of GSM has made it ideal for third generation cellular systems. Meanwhile, today GSM has been widely used for calling and SMS messages. In schools and various institutes, notices has been displayed using manual notice board and different traditional methods has been developed in the past. Competing with today’s scenario, there is a need of real time notice display. This paper proposes a GSM based wireless electronic notice board system which can replace the current programmable electronic display. It is about to write the message in a cellphone and send it as SMS which is displayed on the LCD display. [1], [8].

In today’s society technology is growing at an exponential rate, and elevator is very common example of technology for consuming time of human being Elevator began as hoists. An elevator is platform that can move up and down in vertical direction by a mechanical means .In the past elevator drive mechanism were powered by stream and water hydraulic piston. In today’s world, there are intricate governors and switching schemes to carefully control cab needs in any situation, buttons have been giving way to keypads. In our project, the atmega8 microcontroller based lift system is constructed to simulate as an actual lift in the human life. The elevator control system is one of the important aspects in electronics control module in automotive application. Here elevator control system is designed with different levels. First the elevator control system is implemented for multi-storage buildings. [1] .

This paper presents study of rotor shaft system for three different position of the disk, for a simply supported case and it is important to determine natural frequency, critical speeds and amplitudes of rotor system. This characteristic are found by using ANSYS parametric design tool. Modal, harmonic and transient cases are carried out for the single rotor system. The results obtained for this analysis are useful for design of rotor system. The results obtained from analytical method have close agreement with the results obtained from ANSYS results.

data mining technique to forecast power demand of a biological region based on the metrological conditions. The value forecast analytical data mining technique is implement with the Hidden Marko Model. The morals of the factor such as heat, clamminess and municipal celebration on which influence operation depends and the everyday utilization morals compose the data. Data mining operation are perform on this chronological data to form a forecast model which is able of predict every day utilization provide the meteorological parameter. The steps of information detection of data process are implemented. The data is preprocessed and fed to HMM for guidance it. The educated HMM network is used to predict the electricity demand for the given meteorological conditions. .

Employee attitude are important to management because they determine the behavior of workers in the organization. The common held opinion is that “A satisfied worker is a productive worker”. A satisfied work force will create A pleasant atmosphere within the organization to perform well. Hence job satisfaction has become a major topic for research studies. Nowadays it is a new trend to hire contractual or temporary employees in organization HR strategies of developing countries. The specific problem addressed in this study is to examine the impact of job satisfaction and organisational commitment on performance of contractual employees. It considered which rewards (intrinsic and extrinsic) determine job satisfaction of an employee. It also considered influence of age, sex and experience of employee on level of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Despite of growing acceptance that temporary employment likely to be a persisting and significant feature of contemporary work, there is no clear ideas about how it expects the satisfaction, well being and performance of employees. A sample of 215 staff of Bihar Vikas Mission were selected using satisfied random sampling Data was collected things the use of questionnaires. The study found that there was a positive relationship between temporary employment and employer performance. Employer took up temporary employment as an alternative to reach of permanent employment and with the hope of gaining permanent employment in the longer term. This motivated them to work harder to enhance their performance. The study also found that the organization was promoting the employability of the employers by providing handsome salary and enhancing their employability of the employer through contract renewal. The purpose of the study was to examine the job satisfaction and employer performance level of contractual employee at Bihar Vikas Mission (BVM). This gives the contractual employee a sense of job security which enhances their performance and satisfaction level.

With a view to bring about a complete financial inclusion of all the households in the country, on 15 August, 2014 ‘Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana’ was announced by Honorable Prime Minister, ‘Mr. Narendra Damodar Modi’. This held to be a very serious National Mission on Financial Inclusion for bringing a paradigm shift to highest level of transparency together with Governance. It was realized that financial inclusion is the essence of sustainable economic growth and development of a country. To strategize this vision it was felt that large sections of the rural population should come within the ambit of banking system. Attempts at every corner were made by the policymakers and financial institutions and no stone was left unturned. Financial Inclusion is an unavoidable factor for the economic development of a country without which the progress shall remain a distant vision. The reason being that a lion’s share of total population remains outside the growth process. One of the peculiar reasons for poverty is high level of absenteeism from banking. No doubt that there are few lakh people who are enjoying all kinds of services from savings to net banking, but still by and large around 40% of people lack access to even basic financial services like savings, credit and insurance facilities even after 69 years of independence. In order to fulfill National Mission of PMJDY or Financial inclusion we cannot neglect the role of private banks in ensuring the access to financial services in an affordable manner. Thus the need arises to analyze their contributions through this paper. .

In India Automotive industry is growing at an alarming rate. It is the engine of growth for the economy. It is amazing to know that this industry provides employment to 1.5 million people. It contributes 3.8% to national GDP and 25.6% to manufacturing GDP. To make India lucrative in automotive industry for foreign investment, the focus must be improving Research and Development and create greater returns than the cost of capital. Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA) has adopted the theme “make quality and technology in India”. This had given boost for new product development, enhancing quality standards, safety standards, embracing digital technology, upgrading employee’s skills to meet the global standards and global expansion of OEMs. In order to become globally competitive there should be strong cooperation and collaboration between the various stakeholders i.e. OEMs, component manufacturers, machine tools suppliers, raw material suppliers and the government. (https://www.acma.in/president-acma.php) The pie chart shown below depicts according to the product range the % of Auto component industry in India. .