IJLTEMAS International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS) IJLTEMAS 2278-2540 IJLTEMAS 383 10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150900032 Communication Physics Investigation of GLONASS and Galileo Hybrid Operation for Improved Positioning Precision in Nigeria Adebisi Rachael Jayeoba Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria Nigeria Adebayo Segun Adewumi Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria Nigeria Dolapo Emmanuel Eleyele Department of Physics with Electronics, University of Ilesa, P.M.B. 5089, Ilesa, Osun, Nigeria Nigeria Iyinoluwa Fajobi Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria Nigeria Ibraheem Abiodun Azeez Department of Physics, Emmanuel Alayande University of Education, Oyo, Nigeria Nigeria Abiola Adeola Adeyemi Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Physics with Electronics Option, Osun State Polytechnic Iree, Nigeria Nigeria Nehemiah Oluwatobi Afolayan Department of Digital and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham, UK Nigeria 15 9 410 420 05 09 2026 10 09 2026 03 10 2026 : GLONASS; Galileo; multi-constellation GNSS; carrier-to-noise-density ratio; satellite visibility; positioning precision; Nigeria Abstract

Global Navigation Satellite Systems provide positioning, navigation and timing services, but standalone performance in equatorial Nigeria can be affected by satellite geometry, multipath and ionospheric variability. This study compared GLONASS-only, Galileo-only and combined GLONASS-Galileo processing at the LAUTECH GNSS Laboratory, Ogbomoso, Nigeria (8.170544°N, 4.268928°E; 403.411 m ellipsoidal height). A u-blox ZED-F9P receiver tracked GLONASS L1OF/L2OF and Galileo E1/E5b during 24-hour sessions at 4 Hz in May, June and August 2025. RTKPOST used standalone single-point positioning, broadcast ephemerides and ionospheric corrections, the Saastamoinen tropospheric model and a 15° elevation mask; carrier-phase ambiguity resolution was not applied. Valid-day coverage varied by metric. Daily NSV used 14, 13 and 14 paired days in May, June and August, while visibility duration used 14, 13 and 13 days. Galileo had higher daily mean NSV than GLONASS in each month (paired Wilcoxon p=0.00024), and this ordering remained when NSV was restricted to the 12 calendar days common to all months. Galileo E5b also had higher monthly hourly mean C/N₀ than GLONASS L2OF. Daily latitude, longitude and altitude standard deviations were lower for Galileo than GLONASS in every month (all paired p≤0.00012). The 2DRMS, CEP, SEP and MRSE curves were lowest for the combined solution, but these quantities describe scatter around the daily mean and therefore measure precision rather than absolute accuracy. Because the retained thesis contained the containment results only as a plotted series without a traceable dated numerical table, that comparison is treated as descriptive. The results support improved repeatability from combined processing at this site, subject to the unequal standalone signal structures and the limits of the retained data.

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