<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN"
  "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
         article-type="research-article"
         dtd-version="1.2">

  <!-- ============================================================ FRONT -->
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJLTEMAS</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science (IJLTEMAS)</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">IJLTEMAS</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2278-2540</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>IJLTEMAS</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <!-- IDs -->
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">467</article-id>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150900118</article-id>
      
      <!-- Categories -->
            <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Management Science</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      
      <!-- Title -->
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Effect of Strategic Managdment on Employees' Performance in Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja Nigeria</article-title>
      </title-group>

      <!-- Authors -->
      <contrib-group>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
            <surname>I. Ndulue (PhD)</surname>
            <given-names>Theresa</given-names>
          </name>
                              <aff>
            University of Abuja                        <country>Nigeria</country>
                      </aff>
                    
        </contrib>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
            <surname>J. Jegede</surname>
            <given-names>Babatunde</given-names>
          </name>
                              <aff>
            University of Abuja                        <country>Nigeria</country>
                      </aff>
                    
        </contrib>
              </contrib-group>

      <!-- Volume / Issue / Pages -->
            <volume>15</volume>
                  <issue>9</issue>
                        <fpage>2495</fpage>
            <lpage>2511</lpage>
            
      <!-- Dates -->
      <history>
                <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
                        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
              </history>

            <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      
      <!-- DOI Self-URI -->
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150900118"/>
      
      <!-- Keywords -->
            <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
                <kwd>Strategic planning</kwd>
                <kwd>Strategy implementation</kwd>
                <kwd>strategic evaluation</kwd>
                <kwd>job efficiency</kwd>
                <kwd>employee productivity</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
      
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <!-- ============================================================ BODY (Abstract) -->
  <body>
        <sec>
      <title>Abstract</title>
      <p>This study examines the effect of strategic management on employee performance at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja. The study explores how structured strategic planning, strategy implementation, and strategic evaluation and control influence employees’ efficiency, motivation, and service delivery in a critical aviation hub. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, with data collected from 242 respondents across various departments such as; Administrative and Human Resources, Airport Operations, Aviation Security, Customer Service, Engineering &amp; Maintenance, Finance and Accounts, Commercial and Business Development, Procurement and stores, Information and communication Technology (ICT). The study utilizes primary data collected from the respondents through administration of structured questionnaires and data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 27). In addition, simple regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis and examine the effect of strategic management on employeess’ performance at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja. The results demonstrate that strategic planning, implementation and evaluation and control had a significant positive effect on employee productivity, job efficiency and quality of work at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja. The study concludes that strategic management is a vital driver of improved employee performance at the Airport and recommends continuous investment in workforce development and alignment of strategic goals with employee incentives to sustain performance improvements</p>
    </sec>
      </body>

  <!-- ============================================================ BACK (References) -->
    <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
            <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Adebayo, T. S., &amp; Nwankwo, C. F. (2023). Strategic management practices and organizational performance in public sector institutions in Nigeria. International Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 45–61.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>Al-Ajlouni, M. I. (2021). The impact of employee performance on organizational effectiveness. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 9(4), 589–603.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>Alharthy, A. H., Rashid, H., Pagliari, R., &amp; Khan, F. (2017). Identification of strategy implementation influencing factors and their effects on the performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(1), 34–44.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ali, A., Rahman, M., &amp; Hassan, S. (2023). Strategic planning and job performance among employees of SMEs in Bahrain. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(5), 1120–1138.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>Alromaihi, M. A., Alshomaly, Z. A., &amp; George, S. (2020). Job satisfaction and employee performance: A theoretical review of the relationship between the two variables. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 9(1), 1–9.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>Budur, T., &amp; Demir, A. (2022). The relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 904653. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.904653</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>Dastmalchian, A., Lee, S., &amp; Ng, I. (2020). Strategic management and organizational performance in dynamic business environments. Journal of Strategy and Management, 13(4), 521–537.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>Fiedler, F. E. (1964). A contingency model of leadership effectiveness. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 149–190). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60051-9</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hasan, M. (2025). Public sector management challenges and organizational efficiency in developing economies. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research, 11(2), 77–92.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hieu, V. M., &amp; Nwachukwu, C. (2018). Strategy evaluation process and strategic performance of mobile telecommunication firms in Nigeria. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 4(5), 17–27.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>Khan, A., Khan, S., &amp; Shah, M. (2021). Leadership and employee performance: Mediating role of employee engagement. Journal of Management Development, 40(7), 543–557.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>Lukito, H. (2025). Strategic coordination and employee productivity in service organizations. Asian Journal of Management Sciences, 14(1), 61–78.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mohana, R., Prasad, K., &amp; Rao, S. (2022). Strategic management practices and employee performance in higher educational institutions. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 11(6), 112–126.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mwanza, M., &amp; Dar, M. (2025). Strategic management practices and organizational performance in public institutions. African Journal of Public Sector Development and Governance, 8(1), 95–113.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nasir, M., Abdullah, R., &amp; Karim, S. (2022). Employee productivity and organizational effectiveness in service industries. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(5), 1405–1421.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nguyen, T. T., Tran, P. H., &amp; Le, H. M. (2023). Employee efficiency and organizational performance in public institutions. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 12(2), 159–174.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nwachukwu, C., Hieu, V. M., Chládková, H., &amp; Fadeyi, O. (2019). Strategy implementation drivers in correlation with strategic performance. Management &amp; Marketing, 17(1), 19–38.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>Omar, A., Mahmood, R., &amp; Hanafi, N. (2020). Strategic management practices and organizational performance among service organizations. Journal of Management Research, 20(3), 156–171.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>Pradhan, R. K., &amp; Jena, L. K. (2017). Employee performance at workplace: Conceptual model and empirical validation. Business Perspectives and Research, 5(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671630</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>Sarun, S., &amp; Hun, P. (2026). Strategic evaluation systems and organizational sustainability. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 26(1), 21–39.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation>Syverson, C. (2021). The importance of productivity for organizational growth and competitiveness. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(1), 3–24.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>Vuong, Q. H. (2025). Strategic management and organizational adaptability in emerging economies. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 21(1), 85–102.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation>Yanda, C., Mwila, P., &amp; Chibwe, T. (2025). Strategic evaluation and control practices and SME performance in Zambia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 13(5), 210–228.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation>Abujraiban, M., &amp; Assaf, R. (2022). Strategic human resource planning and project management performance in infrastructure contracting companies. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(8), 1452–1464.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ajagbe, A. M., Musa, H., &amp; Ismail, K. (2025). Strategic management practices and organizational effectiveness in emerging economies. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 13(2), 88–104.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation>Alanazi, T., &amp; Abu Talib, M. (2025). Strategic planning and operational efficiency in public organizations. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 15(1), 44–59.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation>Al-Ajlouni, M. I. (2021). The impact of employee performance on organizational effectiveness. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 9(4), 589–603.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation>Alharthy, A. H., Rashid, H., Pagliari, R., &amp; Khan, F. (2017). Identification of strategy implementation influencing factors and their effects on the performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(1), 34–44.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ali, A., Rahman, M., &amp; Hassan, S. (2023). Strategic planning and job performance among employees of SMEs in Bahrain. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(5), 1120–1138.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation>Alromaihi, M. A., Alshomaly, Z. A., &amp; George, S. (2020). Job satisfaction and employee performance: A theoretical review of the relationship between the two variables. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 9(1), 1–9.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation>Budur, T., &amp; Demir, A. (2022). The relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 904653. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.904653</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation>Fiedler, F. E. (1964). A contingency model of leadership effectiveness. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 149–190). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60051-9</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation>Khan, A., Khan, S., &amp; Shah, M. (2021). Leadership and employee performance: Mediating role of employee engagement. Journal of Management Development, 40(7), 543–557.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mohana, R., Prasad, K., &amp; Rao, S. (2022). Strategic management practices and employee performance in higher educational institutions. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 11(6), 112–126.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mousa, S. K. (2024). Strategic planning and organizational productivity in service-oriented institutions. International Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 10(2), 55–70.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mwanza, M., &amp; Dar, M. (2025). Strategic management practices and organizational performance in public institutions. African Journal of Public Sector Development and Governance, 8(1), 95–113.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mzera, P. (2024). Strategic management systems and workforce productivity in modern organizations. Journal of African Business Administration, 6(3), 44–58.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nguyen, T. T., Tran, P. H., &amp; Le, H. M. (2023). Employee efficiency and organizational performance in public institutions. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 12(2), 159–174.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nnia, J. U., Okon, E. O., &amp; Essien, M. E. (2023). Strategic management practices and organizational performance in Nigerian public institutions. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 18(1), 92–108.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nwachukwu, C., Chládková, H., &amp; Olatunji, F. (2018). Strategy implementation drivers and strategic performance in Nigerian telecommunication firms. Business Perspectives and Research, 6(1), 1–14.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref41">
        <label>41</label>
        <mixed-citation>Omar, A., Mahmood, R., &amp; Hanafi, N. (2020). Strategic management practices and organizational performance among service organizations. Journal of Management Research, 20(3), 156–171.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref42">
        <label>42</label>
        <mixed-citation>Pradhan, R. K., &amp; Jena, L. K. (2017). Employee performance at workplace: Conceptual model and empirical validation. Business Perspectives and Research, 5(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671630</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref43">
        <label>43</label>
        <mixed-citation>Yanda, C., Mwila, P., &amp; Chibwe, T. (2025). Strategic evaluation and control practices and SME performance in Zambia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 13(5), 210–228.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
          </ref-list>
  </back>
  
</article>
