INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2025

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Fast Identification for Evidences in Crime Scene with Macroscopic

Properties and Portable Techniques

Aseel M. Aljeboree

1

, Baraa Kasim Mohamed

1

, Takialdin

4

Department of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract: In this work we concern with identification Visible evidence that can only be observed with the naked eye and required

for experiment of forensic scientist. the search details include many visible of physical properties that could be depend to explained

As mentions before in our previous work, the chemical compound can be used for identified the identities of persons by modifying

fingerprint [1]. In the other site Chemical and microscopic identification for various organic and inorganic materials, simple or mix

in composition, is an essential component of identifying unknown materials and constitutes a fundamental unit of forensic science.

This review will mention some of chemical and microscopic properties that together constitute the comprehensive identification of

materials in visible quantities which mostly accorded in crime scene [2].

Identify the macroscopic properties that can be taken as a basis for knowing the apparent properties of matter, regardless of its types

and physical states. the characterize a material with the best performance, that will need to consider the properties of the available

materials. Figure 1, shown different evidence that required identified the properties of observed characteristics and chemicals

properties that responsible for determine the identities [3]. In this sections properties which could be identified include two parts:

the first was physical and chemical properties, while the second part include smells and nature with enhance by portable apparatuses.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2025

www.ijltemas.in Page 8

causing scratched. The response to force depends on the material's structure, shape and size, however a flexible object such nylon

can easily bend, while polyethylene needed for more force to bend. The elastic refers to behavior of an object to returns for its

original shape and size when removed the force. An object that breaks rather than bending is brittle. All of this behavior for different

materials can be depend primary to identify the identities of materials but it is still required for more instruments to test physical

properties which could be decided the name of unknown evidence [3-4].

A nylon windbreaker is strong, since pulling on it does not change its length. Sometimes the manner of applying a force makes a

difference to the strength of an object. Ceramics can bear a lot of weight, but will break if stretched or bent. Nylon survives

compression, pulling and twisting [4].

shining light on surface of sample responsible to shown Color, texture, and reflectivity of evidence that could be found it in criminal

scene such mirrors are colorless, smooth, and shiny. Applying heat to a sample reveals its ability to conduct heat, led to melting

viscosity.

Intensive Property

When the properties of matter that did not depend on the size or quantity of matter in any way that we called it intensive property

of matter, such temperatures, density, color, melting and boiling point, etc. they will not change with a change in size or quantity

of matter. As mentions this property we can use it to identified at least primary identification which mostly used firstly in crime

scene before transfer the evidence to forensic labs.

Extensive property

All the property that required for other properties to give complete description which means needed for size or the amount to give

the identities of evidence in crime scene such Volume, energy, and mass. The extensive properties can be forming intensive

properties such as density when required for mass and volume (two is extensive), however some properties are not measured directly,

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2025

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according to chemical properties. These describe include at first what mentions above about the reactivity of Azide, Perchlorate or

Fulminate salts when crashing due to abilities to explosion at room temperature by this action not more [7]. The common example

which could be seen in crime scene is existed of sodium hydride, sodium hydrosulfite and sodium metal with water not more and

that causing explosive reaction, spontaneous ignition, and directly flammable respectively [8].

The disadvantage of chemical reaction in crime scene not only include the safety for the worker in forensic science which could be

done by safety equipment but the damage which absolutely accord for the evidence in crime scene. This scientific opinion depends

on simple role which is a chemical reaction involves a transformation of the sample into a different substance, and it may be difficult

to reverse the process and prove existence many materials or it is at least complicated the looking for evidence. For example,

flammable such wood, after burns it react with oxygen from the air and produces ashes and smoke it cannot be reversed in addition

to loosening most if not all evidence [9].

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

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ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2025

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The other macroscopic properties that can be used to distinguish between ionic and non-ionic compounds is “crunchiness” when

crushed with a spatula most ionic compounds will feel crunchy, while non-ionic compounds will not. In this section it should be

care crime scene ((should not be tried with Azide, perchlorate or fulminate salts because these tend to be explosive)) [12-13].

In this part it is important to concern with two complementary terms which is State functions and path function. In the forensic

sciences the first terms which is state functions refers to evidence that could be depend as it is without dealing with the history of

evidence. The second terms path functions include all the evidence that found in crime scene which should looking for the history

of it and that starting from the place where it found because it needed for more information to give clear images for the event [12-

13]. According to physical chemistry the existence of properties as state function required only the final and initial conditions in

The information which mentions above concern with using experiments for scantest in forensic field to observation, locating,

identification, and at least primary identities by macroscopic properties before go to lab [14]. The third eye for forensic scientist

preparation or complicated for dong the analysis. (2) The other benefit was the high speed for getting analysis with good agreements.

(3) high Safety without remaining or produce any waste. (4) Most of these apparatuses provided with memory capacity able to save

huge amount of testes for the evidence without needed for accessories parts.

Table 2: Skim for portable apparatuses used in crime scene for identify many properties

Assessment of evidence identification

The process of estimation the results of identification required specific terms for evaluation which is The limiting concentration (L.

C.), identification (L. I.) and proportions (L. P.) respectively. The first refers to the lowest concentration of substance which always

produces a positive test. The second (L. I.) is the smallest absolute quantity which always gives a positive test, while (L. P.) are the

smallest mass ratios which still always permit to get a positive test [17]. The value of L.C. absolutely, depend upon the absolute

experiments.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

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ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2025

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II. Conclusion:

Through this work, the focus was on the specific aspect of uncovering evidence at the crime scene. This relied on the forensic

scientist's ability to recover evidence, describe it, and make an initial decision. As mention the decision was done depending on the

skills and value of information/experiments accumulation for workers in forensic field. All of information able to give initial

judgment for the cases in crime scene with acceptable confidence. In this section it should be refer to important of macroscopic

properties that could be notes and characterized to convert it from the state of unknown to known state which critical parameter to

explain many interferences in crime scene with variance in circumstance. The supplement enhances for accuracy and confidence

of the initial examination can be done with using portable apparatuses that able to shown necessary information with short time in