INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,
MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)
ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIV, Issue X, October 2025
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
nd
D
evel
op
m
e
n
t
of
a
n
A
u
t
o
m
a
t
e
d
G
u
i
d
e
d
Vehicle
(
A
G
V
) for
S
t
or
e
a
nd
W
a
r
e
hou
s
e
Automation
Gad
t
ya
Pa
r
e
s
h,
D
i
vyan
g
P
a
t
e
l, Ms.
A
pe
x
a
P
u
r
oh
i
t,
R
a
j
deep
Va
t
a
lia,
K
u
s
ha
l
Ga
jj
a
r,
D
r.
A
n
il M
.
Bi
s
en,
Na
yan
Suthar,
M
r.
M
a
y
u
r
C
ha
v
da,
D
r.
M
a
yan
k
D
ev
Singh
M
e
c
ha
t
r
onic
s
E
n
ginee
r
i
n
g
D
ep
t
.
ITM V
o
c
a
t
i
ona
l
U
n
i
ve
rs
i
t
y
Vadoda
r
a
,
Gu
j
a
r
a
t
, India
Au ma d Guid d V hicl AGV ha lu ni d ma
pr cu n d igning, d ping, and sting a pr
AGV u an ES 32 micr
A
b
s
t
r
o
o
o
ac
mm
t
—
e
e
Th
rcial
au
e
d
s
t
e
e
i
v
e
l
o
pm
ttings. Thi
Th
e
n
t
o
s
f
t
e
o
c
t
e
e
e
e
s
(
s
)
s
r
e
v
o
t
e
)
i
o
z
e
t
e
o
rial handling in industrial
AGV st and
-f ll wing, and an
a black line o
calabl
ugh a ri
s. Th
, and high lab
and c
war
ul
o
j
t
z
.
fo
s
e
s
o
P
e
s
e
v
e
e
l
-
o
t
o
t
t
y
p
e
f
o
r
ore
e
h
s
e
t
u
s
t
o
ma
o
o
stacl
o
m
e
n
r
.
e
t
ili
e
s
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
r, in
ll w a
mp
m’
, and pa
in ici
ur
ur
f
rar
e
d
(
IR
d pa
hi
rmanc
ad
nc
nhanc
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
f
o
r lin
y
s
e
o
o
t
ra
nic
s
e
n
s
o
r
f
o
b
stacl Th hicl
in r Buil ing c
duca nal and industrial applica
stra ing
limi
and c
mmunica
e
d
e
t
-
e
t
c
im
t
i
o
e
n
.
e
v
t
e
u
e
i
s
d
e
s
-
ign
ff
s. Th
stacl
rial handling,
r indoor l
d c l al
e
d
t
t
v
e
o
e
f
o
c
o
o
f
e
p
i
n
e
x
ts
r
e
t
s
h mark
e
t
s
p
y
e
e
d b
n
the floor
e
whil
a
v
o
iding
lu
sts, d
addr ss t
ring a r liabl
iga n, wir
o
b
e
s
e
al
s
o
st
e
n
e
c
i
o
s
n
,
o
t
pr
o
t
o
y
p
e
e
r
t
v
e
e
s
a
hr
s
a
s
and
adap
abl
ll
aims t
ff
na
e
e
o
s
o
t
i
o
n
f
e
h
e
ss
ir
r
o
e
n
t
i
o
t
b
i
o
s
y
st
e
f
e
wa
v
o
alida
r
ri
ts
t
d
t
o
s
e
e
s
o
f
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
d
t
e
t
t
o
s
s
ucc
e
ss
manual ma
al rna
n, and ad
f
ul na
viga
t
i
o
n,
o
e
a
vo
idanc
uch a
gistics. Fu
o
e
yl
o
t
ran
s
t
capabil
-
i
t
i
e
e
pr
oje
c
e
a
t
i
o
n
o
c
f
t
t
e
s
o
g
s
e
f
t
f
f
e
y
,
s
a
f
e
t
s
k
s
o
r costs,
o
e
v
e
st
-
e
ff
e
t
i
v
e
t
e
t
i
ve
f
o
e
e
r
e
m
n
co
uld includ
e
d
ynamic
t
i
o
e
l
e
c
o
i
o
v
anc
e
o
n
t
r
o
-
ri
t
hms t
o
t
h
e
o
p
t
imi
z
h
e
AGV’
s
pe
r
f
o
rmanc in
e
m
o
r
e
c
o
mpl
e
x
e
n
v
o
nm
e
n
ts.
Inde
ar
x
T
e
s
r
e
ms
Au
—
Au
t
t
o
ma
t
e
d Guid
e
d V
e
hicl
e
(
AGV
)
, ES
P
32, Lin
e
Fo
ll
o
wing,
O
bstacl
e
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n,
U
l
t
ra
s
o
nic Sensor,
W
e
h
o
u
t
o
ma
ion, Robotics
I. I
n
tr
o
duction
A
.
O
v
e
r
v
i
ew of
Au
t
om
a
t
i
on
i
n
I
ndu
s
tries
I
A
n
u
t
t
he
m
ode ndu
r
n
i
s
g
v
n
t
r
e
en
i
s
a
l land
s
g
n
c
-
ape
ed
epe
,
g
au
e
t
t
v
u
o
e
e
l
m
a
t
i
on ha
s
s
be
, i
c
n
o
clud
i
gi
m
e a
c
g
k
,
o
r
ners
t
one o
f
i
ope
r
l i
s
a
t
i
n
i
ona
l
s
u
cc
lligen
pa
il indu
e
ss
a
c
r
I
a
o
n
t
ss
various sectors.
o
m
a
t
i
on
l
e
ve
ra
cu
tt
i
n
c
hno
l
o
gi
e
i
n
robo ic
t
s
,
a
r
t
f
ici
a
t
e
c
e
, and
applic
t
e
r
ne
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
s
)
,
to
redu
ce hu
m
an
i
n
t
e
r
t
s
i
on
i
r
t
i
t
i
,
t
l
i
y
m
e
-
c
on
s
u
m
n
g
t
a
s
s.
m
One o
f
t
he
m
o
t
m
c
t
f
u
l
i
on
s
o
f
au
t
o
m
a
t
i
on ha
been
i
n
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
handli
g
ys
t
e
ms
,
pa
r
t
ic
a
r
i
wi
t
h
i
n
l
o
s
t
ic
s
anu
f
a
c
t
u
ri
n
g, and
r
e
t
a
s
t
ri
e
s.
M
and
on hu
a
t
e
ri
a
l
handli g,
n
a
c
r
i
t
ic
a
l
f
un
c
t
i
on
n
n
c
m
o
s
t
i
ndu
s
r
t
f
t
r
i
e
s
, i
n
v
o
l
ve
s
t
he
m
o
v
e
t
h a
m
i
en
.
t
,
p
r
o
i
t
e
c
t
i
on
,
y
,
s
t
t
o
h
ra
g
p
e
r
,
,
o
and
ss has r
and ne
c
on
t
e
r
o
l
o
f
g
ood
lied hea
he
s
m
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
t
h
r
ou
g
ic
hout the
ile e
, i ea
m
anu
icien
ed
f
a
c
t
u
ri
g
p
ro
c
e
on
ss
,
f
x
o
m
p
s
y
r
p
i
odu
one
s.
c
t
i
on
t
o d
i
s
t
ri
bu
on
T
r
ad
t
i
onall
,
f
i
s
c
e
vily
an
c
l
abo
r
, w
h
h
, w
a
h
f
f
t
i
n
e
c
rt
a
i
n
c
t
e
s
, i
r
s
t
o
i
ssues s
u
c
s
hu
m
an err
o
r
a
t
igue
i
f
ficien
c
y
.
T
s
e
f
a
c
t
o
rs
an
l
ead
t
o de
l
ys
n
c
r
s
l
abo
r
o
s
t
s
,
and
s
a
e
t
r
k
B
G
.
u
T
he
E
v
o
l
u
t
e
v
i
s
on
(
a
A
ou
nd
G
s
I
V
e
mpo
r
t
l
t
a
n
c
e of
and ou
hno
A
s
u
t
om
a
f
t
ed
G
m
t
u
i
o
rm
ded
V
r
eh
an
ned pa
i
-
cl
rm
e
a
,
s
t
t
(
A
e e
G
c
a
V
hno
s
)
A
m
e
ou
on
s
g
t
he
m
s
v
a
r
r
i
n
o
ou
l
r m
s
o
au
t
o
m
a
t
i
on
s
o
A
s
l
u
G
t
i
on
s
,A
V i
, wi
u
a
t
o
m
m
obil
a
t
ed
e
i
ded
Vehicl
s
)
s
t
t
a
o
one o
ll
t
he
s
t t
s
f
o
i
v
l
o
gi
i
n
ode
rs
gi
s
t
ics.
A
n
s
robot tha
t
u
s
e
s
a
ri
t
c
o
gi
e
s
f
o
o
w
p
rede
e
i
t
h
s
y
p
ic
ll
y
t
h
r
g
h
s
en
o
a
g
ne ic
t
s
t
r
i
p
t
hout the need
f
o
r
a hu
m
an d
ri
ve
r.
T
he
A
r
G
wi
V con
c
a
)
i
G
p
ep
t
w
a
s
f
e
,
i
rs
r
u
e o
r sig
t
i
n
t
r
odu
c
ed
i
n
t
G
rs
he 1950s, whe
r
v
i
o
e ba
ed
s
t
-
c
ic
o
ba
v
ehicl
e
r
s
y
l
s
a
t
f
o
ll
v
o
a
w
ed
s
y
i
o
m
f
p
ad
v
l
e
v
g
an
u
c
m
i
dan
ed na
en
hou
an ope
e acciden
c
e
v
s
ig
ha
x
24
,
y
a
s
t
e
on
g
ms s
u
h
y
I
c
h as m
a
s
ed
g
,
ne
t
c
he
ic
h
t
ape o
red
t
r
c
k
s. Ov
en
e
t
he de
cade
s
, A
V
,
s
ha
v
v
t
o
e e
en
he
v
o
v
t
l
i
n
c
o
r
po
t
e
e a
ms.
na ic en
handli
ri
e
t
t
i
t
e
c
-
no gi
l
o
e
s
u
a
s
i
n
f
r
a
red
(
IR
s
s
o
rs
l
t
r
a
f
n
A
s
onic
s
en
s
o
and e
s
i
on
s
ed
s
y
T
he
s
e ad
on en
he
an
ce
t
s
t
v
e
r
t
ea
s.
educi
he li
t
l
i
n
crea
s
t
f
l
e
x
i
b
ili
t
s
y
and
n
t
lligen
s
c
AG
V
s
,
a
ll
o
wi
n
g
s
m
f
un
t
i
on
i
n d
m
vi
r
m
y
t
s
wi
t
f
i
ed pa
/
a
h
n
n
m
l
o
gi
g labo
na
s
t
ic
r
s
and
w
a
rehou
i
n
g, A
V
o
c
ff
t
e
v
s
i
fican
t
ad
v
e a
s
an
-
t
a
g
e
v
e
r manua
l
m
a
t
e
ri
a
n
o
g
.
w
T
c
c
r
a
t
e
7
s
,
r
costs
and enhanci
n
g
r
odu
i
i
t
y
.
G
V
s
v
a
r
l
s
o
capab
l
e o
f
reduci
n
g
t
he
r
i
s
k
s
f
o
r
k
p
l
a
t
s
t
y
e
i
t
e hu
m
an
i
n
vo
l
ve
m
en
allen
he benef
t
i
n ha
z
a
rdou
o
r repe
t
i
t
i
e
t
a
k
s
, i
m
p
r
o
vi
n
g
bo
t
h e
f
f
icien
c
y
and
afety.
C
.
C
h
g
e
s
i
n
Tr
a
f
d
i
t
i
onal
S
t
o
r
e
a
nd W
a
rehou
s
e
Ma
n
ag
e
-
men
t
W
h
il
e
t
i
t
s
o
A
G
V
s
a
re
clea
r
,
t
r
ad ona
i
t
i
l
m
a
t
e
-
r
i
a
l
handli
n
g
m
e
t
hods s
t
ill do
m
i
na
t
e
m
an
y
w
a
r
ehou
s
e
s
,
re
t
a
il
stores,
and
nhe
m
anu
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
f
a
cili
t
i
e
s.
T
he
s
e
me
t
hod
s
, wh
ich o
f
t
en
re
l
y
on
f
o
r
kli
f
t
s
, conve
y
o
rs
,
o
r
hu
m
an
wo
r
ke
rs, c
o
m
e
wi
t
h a
se
t
of
i
ren hallenges:
t
c
Lab
o
r C sts: Repe
o
t
i
t
i
ve
t
a
s
ks
,
s
u
ch as m
o
vi
n
g good
s
a
cr
o
ss
a
wa
rehou
s
e f
l
oo
r,
a
re
t
y
p
ic
a
ll
y
pe
rf
o
rmed b
y
hu
m
an
wo
rke
rs
,
c
on
t
r
i
bu
t
i
n
g
t
o hig
h
l
abo
r
c
o
s
t
s.
A
dd
i
-
t
i
onall
y
,
t
he
s
a
e
t
a
s
k
s requ
i
r
e
c
on nuous s
t
i
t
a
f
f
i
n
g, w
h
ic
h
i
s
bo
t
h
c
o
s
t
l
y
and
i
ne
f
f
icien
t.
In
e
f
f
ici
e
nc
y
in
M
a
t
e
rial Tran
s
f
e
r: Manua
l
m
t
e
r
i
a
l
t
ran
s
f
e
r
i
s
o
f
t
en
s
l
o
w
and p
r
one
t
o de
l
a
y
s
,
e
s
peci
a
ll
y
du
r-
i
n
g
pea
k
hours
o
r
h
ig
h
-
de
m
and pe
r
i
ods.
ad
cciden
T
h
i
l
s
i
ne
f
f
icien
c
y
c
an d
handli
ehou
i
srup
t
ope
r
a
t
i
on
s
and
l
ead ssed deadlines.
t
o
mi
Sa
c
f
e
t
y
Ri
s
k
s
: T
r
i
t
i
ona
m
n
a
t
e
a
r
r
i
a
l
n
g i
en
n
v
o
l
ve
s sig
n
i
f
ican
t
s
a
e
f
e
t
y
ri
s
ks.
Fo
r
k
li
f
t
s
and pall
e
t
ja
cks
,
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
are
o
mmon
s
ou
r
ce
s
o
f
a
t
s
i
w
s
e
s
,
o
f
t
l
ead
i
n
g
t
o
i
n
j
u
r
i
e
s
o
r
ven
f
a
t
a
li
t
i
e
s.
Page 1120
