INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,
MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)
ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIV, Issue X, October 2025
Magneto-Radiative Interactions on Boundary Layer Development:
Heat Transfer and Skin Friction Analysis
Shehzad Ali, P. K. Shukla
K.G.K College Moradabad 244001, MJPRU, Bareilly
Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into the boundary layer behavior of an electrically
conducting fluid influenced by simultaneous magnetic and radiative effects over an exponentially stretching surface. The analysis
focuses on the impacts of magnetic field intensity, thermal radiation, and Prandtl number on the velocity, temperature distribution,
skin friction coefficient, and heat transfer rate. A system of coupled nonlinear differential equations governing the momentum and
energy transport is formulated and solved using MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. Results reveal that increasing magnetic field strength
significantly reduces fluid velocity due to the Lorentz force, while enhancing the temperature profile through magnetic damping.
Similarly, stronger thermal radiation increases fluid temperature and thickens the thermal boundary layer, though it reduces the
Nusselt number by diminishing surface temperature gradients. In contrast, higher Prandtl numbers lead to lower temperatures and
enhanced heat transfer without substantially affecting skin friction. These findings highlight the critical interplay of magnetic and
radiative phenomena in modifying boundary layer characteristics, offering practical insights for the design and optimization of
advanced thermal systems in materials processing, energy harvesting, and magnetic insulation technologies.
Keywords: Heat transfer, MHD, Boundary layer flow, Skin friction, exponentially stretching sheet.
I. Introduction
The study of boundary layer flows induced by exponentially stretching surfaces has gained substantial attention due to its
applications in polymer processing, thermal extrusion, and magnetic insulation technologies. The interplay between magnetic fields
and thermal radiation is particularly crucial in these processes as it strongly affects both the heat transfer rate and skin friction
characteristics of the fluid [1].
The pioneering work of Sanjayanand and Khan [2] laid foundational insights into viscoelastic boundary layer flows influenced by
exponential stretching and thermal diffusion. Subsequently, researchers such as Bidin and Nazar [3] emphasized the importance of
thermal radiation in altering the thermal boundary layer thickness in similar configurations. Ishak [4] extended this framework by
incorporatingmagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects alongside radiation, revealing their combined significance in energy transport.
Likewise, Khan [5] provided analytical insight into viscoelastic fluid motion under exponential stretching, marking the beginning
of many refined models.
Mukhopadhyay [6,7] investigated additional complexities including thermal stratification, velocity slip, suction/injection, and
radiation effects on MHD flows, noting a significant influence on the thermal and momentum boundary layers. Eid [8] further
extended these findings by analyzing chemical reaction effects within a two-phase nanofluid system subjected to exponential
stretching and internal heat generation. Hayat et al. [9] applied similar principles to Oldroyd-B fluids and demonstrated the
prominent role of stretching strength in controlling thermal distribution. Baag et al. [10] explored uniform heat sources and porous
media influence in MHD flow, which was later expanded by Govindaraj et al.
[11] through the inclusion of variable viscosity and Prandtl number considerations. Rajput et al. [12] presented a comprehensive
model of radiative MHD flow in porous domains, with particular focus on surface heating. Mushtaq et al. [13] studied variable fluid
properties and their effects on flow and thermal fields, while Chaudhary et al. [14] highlighted the non-negligible impact of thermal
radiation on boundary layer profiles. Goud et al. [15] reinforced these observations through numerical simulation of radiation-
augmented MHD flow over exponential surfaces.
Konwar et al. [16] addressed mixed convection and porous media effects, incorporating temperature-dependent properties to reveal
a more realistic thermal boundary layer evolution. Reddappa et al. [17] analyzed Jeffrey fluid dynamics and stratification,
suggesting its importance in thermal regulation near exponentially stretching sheets. Raghunatha et al. [18] considered Casson
nanofluid models and confirmed that MHD and buoyancy effects can be highly interactive in mixed convection settings.
Sharma [19,20] explored Darcy–Forchheimer resistance effects on nanofluid flows, underscoring the significant changes in heat
and momentum transport. Tantry et al. [21] specifically examined the influence of Casson rheology and radiation, revealing its
suppressive effect on the temperature gradient near the sheet. The work by Naveed Khan et al. [22] focused on chemically reactive
nanofluid behavior at stagnation points, confirming the altered thermal boundary structure due to reaction kinetics. Aloliga et al.
[23] also addressed non-Newtonian effects, identifying reductions in wall shear stress and enhanced heat transfer under strong
magnetic fields. Arshad et al. [24] compared various nanostructured materials and their heat transfer capabilities, suggesting that
nanoparticle choice can significantly modify thermal boundary layer performance. Additionally, Sulemana et al. [25] examined
chemically reactive flows with magnetic influence in unsteady porous media, providing further evidence of the complex interactions
governing thermal and skin friction characteristics. Recent studies by Zuberi et al. [26-28] have explored the thermofluidicbehavior
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