INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,  
MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)  
ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIV, Issue XI, November 2025  
ETAP Based Battery Backup System in Pharmaceutical Industries  
Dr. N. Karpagam, S. Akila, J. Jeyasuruthi, T. Padmavarshini  
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology  
Viraganoor, Madurai.  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2025.1411000008  
Received: 18 November 2025; Accepted: 24 November 2025; Published: 01 December 2025  
ABSTRACT  
Emergency power supply is essential in large commercial infrastructures such as shopping malls, where critical  
loads including lighting, pumps, and safety systems must remain operational during grid outages. Conventional  
diesel generators are widely used but suffer from delayed startup, noise, emissions, and high maintenance costs.  
To address these issues, this work proposes the design and simulation of an Emergency Battery Deployment  
System for terrace-level installation in malls. The proposed system employs a Battery Energy Storage System  
(BESS) integrated with a Battery Management System (BMS) to ensure reliable, efficient, and safe operation.  
A preliminary sizing of 260 kWh has been carried out to supply approximately 130 kW of critical loads for up  
to two hours of autonomy. The system is modeled and analyzed using ETAP software to perform load flow,  
outage, and fault simulations. The results demonstrate that the battery-based system offers instantaneous  
response, reduced operational costs, and zero local emissions, making it a sustainable alternative to diesel  
generators. The project also contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely  
Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7), Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9), and Sustainable Cities  
and Communities (SDG 11)  
Keywords—Emergency power, battery energy storage system, battery management system, ETAP simulation,  
critical load, sustainable backup power.  
INTRODUCTION  
Uninterrupted power supply is critical in commercial infrastructures such as shopping malls, hospitals, and large  
residential complexes, where essential loads including elevators, pumps, emergency lighting, and fire safety  
systems must continue to operate during power outages. In most existing systems, diesel generators are deployed  
as the primary source of emergency backup power. Although reliable, diesel generators are associated with  
several limitations such as delayed startup time (10–20 seconds), noise and vibration, harmful emissions, and  
recurring fuel and maintenance costs [1]. These drawbacks highlight the need for a cleaner, faster, and more  
sustainable alternative. In recent years, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have emerged as a viable  
solution for providing backup power in critical infrastructures. When integrated with a Battery Management  
System (BMS), batteries can offer instantaneous switching, continuous monitoring of State of Charge (SOC)  
and State of Health (SOH), cell balancing, and protection against electrical and thermal faults [2]. Terrace - level  
deployment of battery systems in malls provides the advantages of safety, accessibility, and efficient space  
utilization .  
Goal and Objective  
The goal of this project is to design and simulate a battery-based emergency backup system for shopping malls,  
deployed at the terrace level, in order to provide uninterrupted power supply to critical loads during grid outages.  
The system seeks to act as a sustainable, clean, and instant-response alternative to conventional diesel generators,  
which arse associated with delayed startup, high maintenance, and environmental concerns. To achieve this goal,  
the project objectives include: conducting a critical load assessment of essential equipment such as chiller pumps,  
scrubber pumps, softener pumps, emergency lighting, and fire safety systems; performing battery sizing  
calculations to supply approximately 130 kW of load for two hours of autonomy; modeling the proposed system  
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in ETAP software with components such as the grid, transformer, and Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS);  
integrating a Battery Management System (BMS) to ensure safe operation through SOC/SOH monitoring, cell  
balancing, and fault protection; and finally, executing simulation studies such as load flow, outage response, and  
fault analysis to validate the performance and reliability of the system. Additionally, the project aims to compare  
the proposed solution with conventional diesel generator backup in terms of cost, response time, and  
sustainability, thereby demonstrating its feasibility as a future-ready alternative .Maintaining the Integrity of the  
Specifications  
LITERATURE SURVEY  
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have gained considerable attention as viable solutions for enhancing  
the reliability and resilience of electrical networks, particularly in critical infrastructure applications. Their  
ability to provide instantaneous backup power, support peak load management, and integrate renewable energy  
sources makes them an increasingly preferred alternative to traditional diesel generators.  
In [1], the authors investigated the deployment of BESS for emergency supply in distribution networks and  
demonstrated improvements in outage response and reliability indices such as SAIDI and SAIFI. The study  
highlighted that strategic placement of BESS could significantly mitigate the impact of faults and facilitate faster  
service restoration.  
A comprehensive review in [2] compared stationary and mobile battery systems, underscoring their advantages  
over conventional diesel-based systems, particularly in urban environments where air quality and noise are major  
concerns. The review emphasized the flexibility of mobile BESS units, which can be dispatched to different  
locations based on demand, thereby offering grid support during both planned and unplanned outages.  
The coordinated operation of BESS for critical load support during natural disasters and grid failures was  
addressed in [3]. The study employed optimization models for load prioritization and battery dispatch, showing  
that well-orchestrated BESS operation can substantially reduce downtime and operational costs, especially in  
sectors like healthcare, retail, and emergency services.  
Battery Management Systems (BMS), a crucial enabler for the safe and efficient use of BESS, were the focus of  
[4]. The study delved into key BMS functionalities such as State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH)  
estimation, thermal management, cell balancing, and protection mechanisms. These features are critical for  
preventing overcharging, overheating, and ensuring uniform battery performance—especially important in  
multi-battery configurations often used in large commercial settings.  
Simulation-based approaches have also been increasingly adopted to evaluate the performance of BESS under  
various grid conditions. In [5], ETAP software was utilized to simulate outage scenarios in commercial  
infrastructures, providing insights into the load-carrying capabilities and response times of BESS. These  
simulations serve as vital tools for validating system designs before real-world deployment.  
Problem Identification  
Reliable electricity supply is a critical requirement in multistorey buildings, as it ensures the continuous  
operation of essential services such as elevators, fire safety systems, HVAC equipment, and medical facilities.  
However, present backup practices exhibit significant limitations that compromise energy resilience during  
unexpected power outages.  
First, unexpected total power failures resulting from grid disturbances, transformer faults, or distribution panel  
issues can lead to blackouts, disrupting both safety and operational continuity [1]. Conventional diesel generator-  
based solutions are widely adopted; however, they suffer from delayed response times, high maintenance costs,  
and environmental impacts [2].  
Second, most existing systems lack smart battery backup solutions capable of providing instantaneous power  
with intelligent load management. The absence of emergency load prioritization results in competition between  
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critical and non-critical loads, reducing the effectiveness of backup systems during emergencies [3].  
Third, the current reliance on manual intervention for activating emergency systems increases recovery time and  
raises safety concerns in time-sensitive environments such as hospitals, industrial plants, and high-rise  
apartments.  
Finally, there is poor integration with modern energy infrastructures, including renewable energy systems,  
energy-efficient devices, and hybrid storage technologies. This limits the ability of buildings to utilize  
sustainable energy resources effectively [4].  
Therefore, there is a critical need for a sustainable, automated, and intelligent emergency battery deployment  
system that ensures uninterrupted supply to critical loads, minimizes downtime, and reduces dependency on  
fossil-fuel-based generators.  
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY  
The proposed system focuses on the deployment of an emergency battery backup system for multi-storey  
buildings to ensure uninterrupted power supply for critical loads during unexpected failures. The methodology  
involves systematic stages as outlined below.  
A. Load Data Collection and Floor Plan Input  
The first step involves gathering detailed electrical load data from the building, including connected equipment,  
floor-wise distribution, and priority classification of loads. The architectural floor plan is analyzed to determine  
the layout of electrical distribution and the placement of critical equipment.  
B. Circuit Design and Simulation in ETAP  
A comprehensive circuit model of the building’s electrical system is developed in ETAP software. The model  
includes the utility grid connection (33 kV), step-down transformer (1000 kVA), distribution panel (415 V), and  
single-floor loads (230 V). This digital model enables accurate simulation of power flow and fault conditions.  
C. Emergency Load Prediction and Prioritization  
Critical loads such as chiller pumps (70 kW), scrubber pumps (35 kW), and softener pumps (25 kW) are  
identified and prioritized. The methodology ensures that during a power outage, only the most essential loads,  
equivalent to 130 kWh, are sustained. This prevents system overloading and ensures maximum reliability.  
D. Battery Integration and Sizing  
A battery backup system of 260 kWh capacity with a 2-hour autonomy is designed and integrated into the system.  
Automated Transfer Switches (ATS) are employed to ensure seamless transition from grid power to battery  
power during outages. The battery is sized based on predicted emergency load demand, efficiency  
considerations, and safety margins.  
E. Fault Simulation and System Analysis  
Different fault scenarios are simulated in ETAP, including short-circuits and grid outages. The response of the  
system is analyzed in terms of voltage stability, current interruption, and fault clearance time. The role of the  
ATS in enabling smooth load transfer is also evaluated.  
F. Deployment and Testing  
The final stage involves validating the proposed methodology by conducting deployment tests within the  
simulation environment. Performance metrics such as response time, load sustainability, and backup duration  
are analyzed to verify the system’s reliability under emergency conditions.  
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G. Block Diagram Representation  
The integration of the utility grid, transformer, distribution panel, fault detection unit, ATS, critical loads, and  
battery backup system.  
Block Diagram  
The ETAP-based emergency battery backup system is structured around a highly responsive microgrid  
architecture designed to ensure continuous power delivery during utility grid failures. The primary components  
of the system include the utility grid, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS),Relay, fault detection and  
protection devices, and load blocks categorized into critical and non-critical types. During normal operation,  
power is sourced from the utility grid, which directly supplies all connected loads within the microgrid. The  
system architecture is continuously monitored via voltage and frequency sensors to detect abnormalities in grid  
operation.  
At the heart of the architecture lies the Relay, which serves as a dynamic gateway between the grid and the  
battery backup system. When a grid disturbance is detected, the Relay triggers an automatic transition to islanded  
mode, where the BESS powers critical loads. Simultaneously, ETAP's control logic governs the switching  
mechanism, load scheduling, and real-time decision-making. Fault detection components such as relays and  
sensors are embedded throughout the network to isolate faulty sections and maintain supply to unaffected areas.  
The control module further enhances system reliability by optimizing battery usage, load shedding strategies,  
and restoration protocols.  
s
Fig 5.1  
System Design  
The proposed emergency battery deployment system is designed to ensure uninterrupted power supply to critical  
loads in multi-storey buildings during sudden grid failures. The system architecture integrates the utility grid,  
transformer, distribution panel, automated transfer switch (ATS), fault detection unit, and a dedicated battery  
energy storage system. Under normal operating conditions, the building is powered by the utility grid at 33 kV,  
which is stepped down to 415 V using a 1000 kVA transformer. The distribution panel further supplies 230 V  
to individual floor-level loads. A fault detection unit continuously monitors the electrical network for  
abnormalities such as voltage dips, short circuits, or supply interruptions. In the event of a detected fault, the  
ATS activates, isolating the faulty grid supply and seamlessly transferring the critical load demand to the battery  
backup system without requiring manual intervention.  
The battery system is designed with a capacity of 260 kWh, providing up to two hours of backup power. It is  
sized to sustain a critical load demand of approximately 130 kWh, which includes essential equipment such as  
the chiller pump rated at 70 kW, the scrubber pump rated at 35 kW, and the softener pump rated at 25 kW. This  
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prioritization of essential equipment ensures that the system maintains building safety and functionality during  
outages, while non-critical loads are disconnected to optimize available energy storage. The overall design  
emphasizes reliability, quick fault response, and efficient load prioritization.  
The functional structure of the system is illustrated in the block diagram shown in Fig. 1. Power from the utility  
grid is supplied to the building through the transformer and distribution panel under normal conditions. The fault  
detection unit monitors the grid and, in case of failure, signals the ATS to switch the supply from the grid to the  
battery system. The stored energy in the battery is then deployed exclusively to critical loads, ensuring  
continuous operation until the grid supply is restored.  
Fig 6.1  
Fig 6.2  
SIMULATION AND RESULT  
Emergency battery deployment system was modeled and simulated using ETAP software to analyze its  
performance under different operating and fault conditions. The simulation model consisted of the utility grid  
connection at 33 kV, a 1000 kVA step-down transformer, the 415 V distribution panel, and floor-level loads  
operating at 230 V. The battery storage system with a rated capacity of 260 kWh and an autonomy of two hours  
was integrated into the system through an automated transfer switch (ATS). Critical loads including the chiller  
pump (70 kW), scrubber pump (35 kW), and softener pump (25 kW) were incorporated to validate prioritized  
load support during outages.  
During normal operating conditions, the system delivered uninterrupted power from the utility grid, and the  
battery remained in standby mode. Fault scenarios such as three-phase short circuits, single-line-to-ground faults,  
and sudden grid outages were simulated to evaluate the system’s reliability. The results demonstrated that the  
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fault detection unit successfully identified disturbances and triggered the ATS to switch from grid supply to  
battery backup within a negligible transition time, thereby maintaining continuous operation of the critical loads.  
The performance analysis revealed that the 260 kWh battery system sustained the prioritized critical load demand  
of 130 kWh for the expected two-hour duration without significant voltage deviations. Load prioritization  
ensured that essential systems remained operational while non-critical loads were shed automatically, preventing  
overload and optimizing energy utilization. The ETAP fault analysis further confirmed stable voltage and current  
profiles across the system, even under severe outage conditions.  
These results validate that the proposed system provides an efficient and reliable backup solution for emergency  
situations in multi-storey buildings. The integration of automated switching and properly sized battery storage  
enhances resilience, reduces dependence on diesel generators, and ensures uninterrupted operation of essential  
building services during power failures.  
Fig 7.1  
Fig 7.2  
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Fig 7.3  
Fig 7.4  
Fig 7.5  
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DISCUSSION  
The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed emergency battery deployment system can effectively  
ensure uninterrupted power supply to critical loads in multi-storey buildings during unexpected outages. The  
ETAP simulations confirmed that the automatic transfer switch provided seamless transition between the grid  
and battery supply, thereby eliminating manual intervention and reducing downtime. The observed transition  
time was negligible, which is crucial for sensitive loads such as pumps and control equipment.  
The battery storage system, sized at 260 kWh, was able to sustain critical loads totaling 130 kWh for the expected  
two-hour backup period. This validates the design methodology adopted for load prioritization and energy sizing.  
In comparison to conventional diesel generator-based backup systems, the proposed design offers significant  
advantages in terms of reduced emissions, lower operating noise, and faster response to disturbances.  
Furthermore, the stability of the load voltage profile during simulated faults indicates that the system is capable  
of maintaining power quality within acceptable limits throughout the backup period.  
Another important aspect highlighted by the simulation is the effectiveness of load prioritization. By restricting  
supply to only essential systems such as the chiller, scrubber, and softener pumps, the available battery capacity  
was utilized optimally without risk of overloading. This strategy enhances system resilience, particularly in large  
buildings where power demand during faults can be unpredictable.  
The results align with findings reported in recent literature on hybrid microgrids and building-integrated battery  
systems [1], [2], thereby reinforcing the viability of battery energy storage as a reliable emergency power  
solution. However, practical deployment may require additional considerations such as battery management  
systems (BMS), thermal management, and cost optimization, which were not explicitly modeled in this study.  
Future work will focus on incorporating these aspects to extend system lifetime and enhance operational  
efficiency.  
Sustainability Impact  
Emergency battery deployment system contributes significantly to sustainable energy management in modern  
buildings. By integrating a battery energy storage system (BESS) instead of conventional diesel generator sets,  
the design eliminates greenhouse gas emissions, reduces noise pollution, and minimizes dependence on fossil  
fuels. This transition aligns with global efforts toward decarbonization and supports the integration of clean  
energy solutions in urban infrastructure.  
The prioritization of critical loads ensures that energy is utilized responsibly during outages, thereby reducing  
unnecessary consumption and preventing wastage. This directly supports the principles of responsible energy  
use and efficiency. Moreover, the ability to provide reliable power during emergencies enhances the resilience  
of buildings, which is an essential component of sustainable cities and communities.  
In the broader context, the system supports multiple United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),  
including Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7) by ensuring reliable access to clean backup power, Industry,  
Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9) by advancing energy management technologies, Sustainable Cities and  
Communities (SDG 11) through improved urban energy resilience, and Responsible Consumption and  
Production (SDG 12) by promoting efficient utilization of stored energy.  
Thus, the project not only addresses immediate technical challenges in emergency power management but also  
contributes to long-term sustainability by reducing environmental impact, enhancing building safety, and  
supporting global clean energy transitions.  
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Fig 9.1  
Future Scope  
While the emergency battery deployment system demonstrates reliable performance in simulation, several  
avenues exist for future enhancement and practical deployment. One key area is the integration of advanced  
battery management systems (BMS) to monitor state-of-charge, state-of-health, and thermal conditions, which  
would extend battery lifespan and improve safety. Additionally, hybrid energy storage systems that combine  
batteries with supercapacitors or fuel cells may be explored to improve response times and provide longer backup  
durations.  
The incorporation of renewable energy sources, such as rooftop solar photovoltaics, can further reduce  
dependency on the utility grid and enhance sustainability by enabling partial charging of the battery system  
during normal operation. Intelligent load forecasting and predictive algorithms using artificial intelligence and  
machine learning may also be developed to dynamically prioritize loads and optimize battery utilization based  
on real-time conditions.  
At the building level, future work may focus on scaling the system to accommodate larger infrastructures, such  
as hospitals, data centers, and commercial complexes, where uninterrupted power supply is critical. Integration  
with smart grid infrastructure and demand response programs would also allow the system to contribute to grid  
stability during peak demand, thereby increasing its value beyond emergency backup.  
In summary, the proposed system provides a strong foundation for reliable emergency power management, and  
with the incorporation of advanced monitoring, renewable integration, and smart control strategies, it can evolve  
into a comprehensive energy resilience solution for sustainable urban infrastructure.  
Fig 10.1  
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CONCLUSION  
This work presents the design and simulation of an emergency battery deployment system for multi-storey  
buildings to ensure uninterrupted supply of critical loads during unexpected power outages. The methodology  
involved systematic load data collection, circuit modeling in ETAP, fault simulation, and battery sizing for  
prioritized load support. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed system provides seamless transition  
between the utility grid and battery storage through an automated transfer switch, thereby eliminating manual  
intervention and minimizing downtime.  
The designed 260 kWh battery system successfully sustained 130 kWh of critical loads for a backup period of  
two hours while maintaining stable voltage conditions. The strategy of prioritizing essential loads such as pumps  
ensured optimal utilization of stored energy and prevented system overloading. Compared to conventional diesel  
generator systems, the proposed approach offers advantages in terms of reduced emissions, improved response  
time, and enhanced sustainability.  
Overall, the proposed system demonstrates a reliable, efficient, and environmentally friendly solution for  
emergency power management in modern buildings. The outcomes not only address the immediate technical  
challenge of uninterrupted critical load supply but also contribute to broader sustainability goals by promoting  
clean energy integration and responsible energy use.  
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