INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,
MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)
ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue I, January 2026
Page 1366
www.rsisinternational.org
An Empirical Study on Factors Influencing Purchase Intention
Toward Electric Vehicles: The Role of Nanotechnology-Enhanced
Electric Motors
Ms Jiji S Raju
Research Scholar St Thomas College/ Hemchandyadav university bhila
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.1501000112
Received: 16 February 2026; Accepted: 18 February 2026; Published: 21 February 2026
ABSTRACT
“Sustainable mobility is not achieved by policy alone, but by aligning technological innovation with consumer
trust and everyday usability.”
The transition toward electric vehicles (EVs) is critical for addressing environmental degradation, fuel
dependency, and sustainable mobility challenges. In India, EV adoption is increasing, yet regional disparities
remain significant, particularly in semi-urban industrial regions such as Durg–Bhilai in Chhattisgarh. Existing
studies largely focus on metropolitan areas and often overlook the influence of emerging technologies such as
nanotechnology-enhanced electric motors on consumer behaviour. This study aims to examine the factors
influencing consumer purchase intention toward EVs while evaluating the potential role of nanotechnology-
based motor enhancements in improving consumer confidence and adoption. A quantitative descriptive research
design was adopted using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior framework. Primary data were collected
from 51 EV users through structured questionnaires using convenience sampling, and data were analysed using
descriptive statistical techniques. The findings reveal that economic benefits, especially long-term cost savings,
significantly influence purchase intention, with 76.51% of respondents identifying affordability as a major
motivating factor. Environmental awareness also strongly influenced decision-making, with over 80%
acknowledging EVs as beneficial for reducing pollution and global warming. However, limited charging
infrastructure and high initial costs remain key barriers. The study further highlights that advancements in
nanotechnology, particularly carbon nanotube-based motor components, have the potential to enhance vehicle
efficiency, range, and reliability, thereby strengthening consumer trust. The research contributes to sustainable
mobility literature by integrating behavioural and technological perspectives in a localized industrial context.
The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, automobile manufacturers, and infrastructure planners
to promote EV adoption through technology-driven innovation, awareness programs, and strategic infrastructure
development in emerging industrial regions.
Keywords: Electric Vehicle Adoption; Consumer Purchase Intention; Nanotechnology-Enhanced Electric
Motors; Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (Tpb); Sustainable Transportation; Environmental Concern;
Durg–Bhilai Industrial Region
INTRODUCTION
The global shift toward electric vehicles (EVs) reflects growing concern over climate change, air pollution, and
the long-term sustainability of conventional transport systems. In developing economies such as India, the
transportation sector contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions and urban air quality deterioration.
In response, national initiatives including the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME-
II) scheme have been introduced to encourage the transition toward cleaner mobility solutions. Despite these
efforts, the pace of EV adoption varies considerably across regions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,
MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)
ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue I, January 2026
Page 1367
www.rsisinternational.org
The Durg–Bhilai region of Chhattisgarh presents a distinctive setting for examining EV adoption. As an
industrial hub centered around steel manufacturing and associated economic activity, the region has rising
transportation demands and increasing exposure to environmental challenges. Recent policy incentives and fleet
electrification initiatives have created favourable conditions for EV diffusion; however, consumer acceptance
remains uneven due to infrastructural and technological concerns.
Beyond economic and environmental factors, advancements in vehicle technology may play a critical role in
shaping consumer perceptions. In particular, the application of nanotechnology in electric motors—such as the
use of carbon nanotube-based materials—offers potential improvements in efficiency, thermal performance, and
energy utilization. These enhancements can directly address practical concerns related to driving range and
performance, which are especially relevant in semi-urban and industrial contexts.
Guided by an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study examines how attitudes, perceived control,
and social influence interact with technological innovation to shape EV purchase intention in Durg–Bhilai. By
integrating consumer behavior theory with emerging engineering developments, the research contributes a
localized and interdisciplinary perspective that is largely absent from existing literature.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Previous research on electric vehicle adoption highlights the combined influence of psychological, economic,
and infrastructural factors. The Theory of Planned Behaviour suggests that individual intention is shaped by
attitudes toward the behaviour, perceived social expectations, and perceived ability to perform the behaviour. In
the context of EVs, positive environmental attitudes and supportive social norms have consistently been linked
to stronger adoption intentions.
Indian studies emphasize the importance of financial incentives, fuel cost savings, and government support
mechanisms in influencing consumer decisions. Charging infrastructure availability and concerns over vehicle
performance are frequently cited as barriers, particularly in non-metropolitan regions. Social influence and
perceived usefulness also play a significant role in shaping attitudes toward EVs in developing economies.
More recently, technological innovation has emerged as an important extension to traditional behavioural
models. Advances in nanotechnology—such as molecular-scale motors and carbon nanotube-based
conductors—have demonstrated the potential to reduce motor weight, enhance conductivity, and improve overall
efficiency. In the context of electric vehicles, such innovations can mitigate range anxiety and improve reliability,
thereby strengthening perceived behavioural control.
Despite growing scholarship on EV adoption in India, most studies adopt a national or metropolitan focus.
Research addressing industrial regions like Durg–Bhilai is limited, and the behavioural implications of
nanotechnology-enhanced motor systems remain largely unexplored. This study addresses this gap by linking
localized consumer behaviour with emerging technological solutions.
Theoretical Framework and Objectives
The extended TPB framework guides this inquiry, augmented with nanotechnology as a perceived innovation
variable. Hypotheses include: H1—Positive attitudes toward EV environmental benefits enhance intention;
H2—Nanotech-enhanced motors improve perceived control by addressing performance concerns.
Objectives:
1. Profile demographics of potential EV buyers in Durg-Bhilai.
2. Assess influencing factors like cost, eco-friendliness, and infrastructure.
3. Examine Advantages (E.G., Nanomotor Efficiency) And Disadvantages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,
MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)
ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue I, January 2026
Page 1368
www.rsisinternational.org
4. Evaluate awareness of nanotech in EVs.
5. Analyse barriers and propose tech-driven solutions.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study adopts a quantitative, descriptive research design to explore factors influencing EV purchase intention
in the Durg–Bhilai region. Primary data were collected from existing EV users through a structured
questionnaire. A convenience sampling technique was employed, resulting in a sample of 51 respondents
identified via local dealerships and online community networks, which may limit the generalizability of the
findings. The questionnaire captured demographic information, motivational factors, perceived barriers, and
general awareness related to EV adoption. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical techniques, including
frequencies and percentages, to identify dominant trends. The study is exploratory in nature and does not attempt
to establish causal relationships between variables. Ethical considerations such as informed consent and
confidentiality were strictly maintained throughout the data collection process.
Findings and Analysis
Demographics: 74.51% male, indicating gender skew in ownership.
Key Factors:
• Cost-Effectiveness: 76.51% agreement (29.41% strongly agree), highlighting economic appeal.
• Environmental Safety: 82.35% positive (45.10% definitely), underscoring ecomotivations.
• Global Warming Reduction: 80.39% agreement.
• Resource Conservation: 58.83% agreement.
• Replacement Potential: 35.3% agreement, 50.98% neutral—suggesting scepticism.
• Encouraging Factors: Eco-friendliness (43.14%), all factors (35.29%).
• Timeline for Majority EVs: 54.90% in 15 years.
• Next Vehicle Electric: 35.29% next 5 years.
• Purpose: 78.43% household.
Integrating nanotech
Hypothetical extension suggests 60%+ would favor EVs with CNT enhanced motors for better efficiency
(inferred from performance preferences).
The analysis indicates that respondents generally perceive EVs as economically beneficial and environmentally
friendly. Cost-effectiveness and ecological awareness appear to influence purchase intention, while concerns
related to charging infrastructure and purchase cost remain common. Observed response patterns appear
consistent with behavioural constructs such as attitude and perceived behavioural control; however, these
relationships were not statistically tested within the scope of the present study. Regarding nanotechnology-
enhanced electric motors, performance-related preferences suggest that respondents may demonstrate favourable
attitudes toward efficiency improvements; however, consumer awareness of nanotechnology was not directly
measured, and therefore this interpretation remains conceptual.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,
MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)
ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue I, January 2026
Page 1369
www.rsisinternational.org
DISCUSSION
The findings broadly align with behavioural theory, suggesting that environmental attitudes and economic
considerations may influence EV adoption. Infrastructure availability and affordability concerns appear to
function as perceived behavioural constraints. Nanotechnology is discussed as a promising technological
development that may help address efficiency and performance concerns in industrial and semi-urban regions.
However, its direct influence on consumer purchase behaviour requires further empirical investigation using
advanced analytical approaches.
Limitations: Small sample, self-report bias; future research should use longitudinal designs and SEM.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Electric vehicles appear to hold considerable potential in the Durg–Bhilai region, with environmental awareness
and economic considerations influencing consumer preferences. Infrastructure development and cost-related
challenges continue to affect adoption decisions. Nanotechnology is presented as a promising technological
research direction that may enhance EV performance and consumer acceptance in the future, subject to further
empirical validation. Future studies incorporating larger samples and advanced statistical techniques may
provide deeper insights into behavioural and technological determinants of EV adoption.
REFERENCES
1. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
2. Balasubramanian, S. et al. (2023). Sustainable transportation in developing countries. Environment,
Development and Sustainability.
3. Bhalla, P. et al. (2018). Consumer perception and purchase intention of EVs. European Journal of
Scientific Research.
4. Bhattacharyya, S. (2021). Factors affecting EV adoption in India. Transportation Research Part D.
5. Chhikara, R. et al. (2021). Factors influencing EV purchase intention. Academia.edu.
6. Dietz, H. et al. (2022). Electric nanomotor from DNA. TUM Research.
7. Gupta, A. (2024). Factors affecting EV intention: Mediating role of awareness. Journal of Advanced
Transportation.
8. Khurana, A. et al. (2020). Adoption of EVs: Mediating role of attitude. Vision.
9. KIST (2025). Core-sheath CNT cables for motors. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials.
10. Rajmal & Gupta (2025). Factors in India's EV growth. SAGE Journals.
11. Shalender, K. & Sharma, N. (2021). Extended TPB for EV adoption. Environment, Development and
Sustainability.
12. Singh, V. et al. (2023). Cross-cultural EV adoption. Environment, Development and Sustainability.
13. Sreeram, A. & Mohan, R. (2020). Factors influencing EV preference. MDPI Sustainability.
14. Xie, R. et al. (2022). Innovative characteristics in EV intention. Sustainability.
15. Additional: Balzani et al. (2008); Bhushan (2017); Chhattisgarh EV Policy (20222025); IEA (2023);
Statista (2023).
