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ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue IV, April 2026
Preparation and Study of a Composition Based on Butadiene Nitrile
Polymer Using Astragals
Sharif Hajiyev Mahir -Master's student
1
, Shixaliyev Kerem Sefi
2
1
Scientific advisor Scientific advisor, professor, academician of the European Academy of Natural
Sciences and the PF-Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor-Academician of the European Academy of
Natural Sciences
2
Department of Organic substances and technology of molecularity compounds Azerbaijan State Oil and
Industry UniversityBaku, AZ1010, Azerbaijan, 20 Azadlig Avenue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150400123
Received: 25 April 2026; Accepted: 30 April 2026; Published: 21 May 2026
ABSTRACT
This work is devoted to the topic "Obtaining and studying a composition based on butadiene nitrile polymer
using Astragals".
Binary mixtures of butadiene nitrile rubber with astragals in different mass ratios were prepared and the flow
index of the system alloy was studied at temperatures of 130, 160, 170 ℃ and under the influence of loads of
12.0-21.0 kg. Our studies have shown that at a temperature of 160 ℃ and when astragals has 5 mass parts in the
binary mixture, it acts as a modifier. As a result of the modification, the technological properties of BNK, mainly
compatibility with other components and chemical stability, increase by 1.5 times compared to standard resins.
We have developed an optimal recipe for obtaining rubbers based on butadiene nitrile rubber and astragals. A
rubber mixture was prepared based on the optimal recipe, the vulcanization mode and time were determined,
which determined the vulcanization temperature to be 157C and the vulcanization time to be 26 minutest-his
work was carried out on the purchase of BNR-based rubber for cables that is chemically resistant to aggressive
environments, more perfect and fully capable of meeting operational characteristics, has chemical resistance in
saline areas, and is suitable for use as a coating. The main indicators of the obtained regime were determined by
physical-mechanical methods and compared with standard rubbers, and it was confirmed that the main indicators
of the proposed rubber fully meet the requirements of the standard
Keywords: Astragals, butadiene-nitrile rubber, modification, SKI-analysis, vulcanization, ecology
INTRODUCTION
Nitrile butadiene rubber is one of the main rubbers in the rubber industry. Important rubbers resistant to oil and
gasoline are obtained based on NBR. However, some properties of NBR (mainly its poor resistance to ozone
and chemical resistance in aggressive environments) limit its application areas [1-8]. Many scientists, in order
to reduce these shortcomings of NBR, first used the most modern mixer to obtain rubber compositional [9-11].
Then, 5 parts by weight of antiparticles were added to plasticized NBR and mixed in the same mixer for 5
minutes. To this mixture, ZnO as an activator and altax as an activator were added and mixed again for 5 minutes
to obtain a modified composition [12-13]. Other authors, on the other hand, kept the NBR-based rubber
composition in an air-circulating oven at 70 °C for 70 hours to study the effect of heat aging [14-19]. These
authors carried out the modification of nitrile-butadiene rubber with functional groups [20-22].he main research
efforts of researchers have focused on improving the mechanical strength of NBR and have mainly focused on
modifying the rubber with chemically functional groups. As a result of the modification, it has been possible to
improve the strength and chemical resistance of NBR materials [23-24}. In addition, recent studies have shown
that nitrile-butadiene rubber is more durable than PET-based fabrics and has excellent properties [25-29].
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METHOD
We first used astragals to modify nitrile-butadiene rubber. The general appearance of the astragals is shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 1 The general appearance astragals
As a result of the research, we determined that the astragals we used contained - Selenium 1.5 mg%. Macro- and
micro-elements (calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, cobalt, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum,
chromium). The chemical formula was determined to be as shown in Figure 2
Figure 2. Approximate chemical structure of astragals
Preparation of rubber mixtures
After preparing the rubber mixture according to the recipe with an analytical balance with an accuracy of 99%,
the components were added sequentially between the two rotating shafts of the roller in a laboratory roller at
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Balakhani “BAKSHİN” JSC and heated at 1300C for 12 minutes until a homogeneous system was obtained.
After the homogeneous system was cooled to 900C, sulfur was added to it to prevent the process of vulcanization.
The research work was carried out using the most modern methods: Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA),
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). X-ray analysis and determination of the main parameters of the
vulcanizate were carried out on the latest model crushing machine.
In order to conduct the research work, the optimal recipe proposed earlier was adopted and the composition
mixture was prepared in a laboratory roller.
The composition was obtained in the roller by mixing in the temperature range of 30-60℃ and for 12 minutes.
This can be seen more clearly in Table 1(Recipe for making binary systems):
Table 1. Micro volume characteristics of equally mixed polymer samples
Ingredients in the composite material
Mooney Viscosity ML4-100℃
Micro volume porosity MKM
1
NBR
90/53
7.2
2
PVC
50/53
0.75
3
Astragaus
53/50
4.6
0,12
For the production of rubber compounds, as a result of experimental studies, an optimal formulation was obtained
and the obtained data are presented in Table 2
l: Table 2 Comparison between standard and suggested ingredient compositions
Ingredient
Reference composition
Suggested composition
NBR
100
100
100
93
84
Sulphur
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
Altax
1,5
1,5
0.9
0.9
0.9
Mercapto
0,5
0,5
1.2
1.2
1.2
ZnO
3.5
3.5
3.5
4
4
Neozon-D
2
2
1
1
1
Stearic acid
1.2
1.2
1.2
1
1
Rosin
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.5
1.5
Technical carbon (P-803)
25
25
25
18
18
Technical carbon (P-234)
45
45
45
55
55
Astragaus
-
-
-
10
15
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Study of geological properties
The rheological properties of the composition were studied in the TIER-4 facility. The results obtained are shown
in graphical form in Figures 3-5.
The calculation of melt flow properties of the composition was carried out at different temperatures of 120ºC,
170ºC and 190ºC and under different loads.
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Figure 3. Flow ability index of the composition Figure 4. Flow ability index of the attemperaturea120ºC
190ºC.
Figure 5. Flow ability index of the at temperature 170ºC
As a result of the analysis, it was determined that astragalus are compatible with butadiene nitrile rubber and can
form a composition with it in various proportions. However, it was determined that the best result was obtained
when the astragal component in the composition was 10 parts by mass of astragals.
To confirm the modification of NBR with astragals, an IR analysis of this system was performed and the results
obtained are given in Figures 6-8
-6
-4
-2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
log Q, sm3 * san-1
butadienterftalat mass.ph.
120˚C
-4
-2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
log Q, sm3 * san-1
butadienterftalate nass.ph.
190˚C
-4
-2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
log Q, sm3 * san-1
butadienterftalate mass.p, k.h.
170˚C
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It is clearly seen in Figure 6, which is also confirmed by the IR analysis. Thus, it can be said with certainty that
some properties of this polymer can be eliminated by modifying it with astragals.
Figure 6. IR Spectra of pure NBR sample
Figure 7. IR Spectra of pure astragals
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Figure 8 IR Spectra of 10 wt% Astragals incorporated NBR composite sample
Physical properties of resulting composite material based on astragas biopolymer incorporated butadien nitrile
rubber (NBR) are represented in the table below (Table 3.):
Table 3. Comparison of physical-mechanical properties vulcanizates
Investigated properties
Sample of reference
vulcanizate
Sample of obtained vulcanizate
1.
Ultimate tensile strength, MPa
19
18,7
18,6
20,3
24,9
22,8
2
Relative elongation, %
325
337
315
390
420
445
3
Relative residual deformation, %
14
16
13
15
15,6
16,7
4
Tear resistance, kN/m
67
65
70
72,4
73,6
74,1
5
Friction resistance, cm3/Wh
61
64
59
66
63
62,7
6
Adhesion to the metal surface, MPa:Steel - 3
Brass
7.4-
7,1
-
7,75,4
10.17,2
11,58,6
12,19,3
7
Brittleness Temperature,
0
C
14
-
34
31
31
29.5
8
Strength (Measured in TM-2 apparatus), MPa
96
92
88
86
87,2
85,5
11
Reversible deformation, %
14
13
16
16,7
16
15.7
RESULTS
1. The ozone resistance of the obtained rubbers indicates their high chemical stability. Taking this into account,
the proposed rubbers can be utilized in the production of products resistant to ozone, oil, and gasoline, and
are suitable for operation in aggressive environments.
2. The results of the conducted scientific studies demonstrate that rubbers based on nitrile-butadiene rubber and
Astragals nanomaterial can serve as specialty-purpose materials. These rubbers are capable of operating over
a wide temperature range and under various climatic conditions. The proposed rubber is NBR-based and can
be used in general-purpose optical cables.
3. The proposed composition significantly enhances the adhesion strength of the rubber to metals (Steel-3,
brass), improves resistance to gasoline, and increases tensile strength.
4/A composition based on nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) has been prepared and studied by incorporating
Astragalus-derived components (e.g., extract or filler) into the polymer matrix, followed by vulcanization. The
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studies indicate that this approach can improve properties such as wear resistance and elongation at break. The
process involves compounding, subsequent vulcanization using a rubber press, and finally, evaluation of the
physical and mechanical properties of the resulting vulcanizates, including abrasion coefficient and relative
elongation.
To study the Results
1. By replacing NBR with astragals, it was determined how the modification process affects its mechanical
properties.
3. The ozone resistance of the obtained resins showed that they are chemically very stable. Taking this into
account, the proposed rubbers can be used in the manufacture of products that are resistant to ozone, oil,
gasoline, and can operate in aggressive environments.
4. As a result of scientific research, it has been proven that resins based on nitrile butadiene rubber and astragals
nanomaterial can be special-purpose products. These rubbers can operate in a wide temperature range and in
different climates. Ours is an NBR-based rubber that can be used for general-purpose optical cables.
5. The proposed composition allows you to significantly increase the strength of the connection of rubber with
metals (steel-3, brass), increase resistance to gasoline, and improve the tensile strength index.…
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