Page 1381

www.rsisinternational.org

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue V, May 2026

Preparation and study of a composition based on butadiene nitrile

polymer using Astragals

Sharif Hajiyev Mahir -Master's student

Scientific advisor Scientific advisor, professor, academician of the European Academy of Natural

Sciences and the PF-Shixaliyev Kerem Sefi Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor-Academician of the

European Academy of Natural Sciences Department of Organic substances and technology of

molecularity compounds Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University Baku, AZ1010, Azerbaijan, 20

Azadlig Avenue

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150500108

Received: 30 April 2026; Accepted: 25 April 2026; Published: 05 June 2026

ABSTRACT

This paper is devoted to the topic "Preparation and Study of a Butadiene Nitrile Polymer-Based Composition

Using Astragals."

Binary blends of butadiene nitrile rubber and astragals in various mass ratios were prepared, and the flow index

of the alloy system was studied at temperatures of 130°C, 160°C, and 170°C and under loads of 12.0-21.0 kg.

Our studies showed that at a temperature of 160°C and with an astragals content of 5 parts by weight in the

binary blend, it acts as a modifier. As a result of the modification, the technological properties of NBR, primarily

compatibility with other components and chemical stability, are increased by 1.5 times compared to standard

modifying agents. An optimal formulation for producing rubbers based on butadiene nitrile and astragals was

developed. A rubber compound based on an optimal formulation was prepared, and the vulcanization mode and

time were determined. The resulting vulcanization temperature was 157°C, with a vulcanization time of 26

minutes. This work was conducted with the goal of acquiring a BNR-based rubber for cables that is chemically

resistant to aggressive environments, more advanced, and fully capable of meeting operational specifications,

exhibiting chemical resistance in saline areas, and suitable for use as a coating. The key parameters of the

resulting mixture were determined using physical and mechanical methods and compared with standard rubbers,

confirming that the proposed rubber's key parameters fully meet the standard requirements.

Keywords: Astragals, nitrile butadiene rubber, modification, vulcanization, ecology

INTRODUCTION

Nitrile butadiene rubber is one of the main rubbers in the rubber industry. Important rubbers resistant to oils and

gasoline are obtained based on NBR. However, some properties of NBR (mainly its low resistance to ozone and

chemical resistance in aggressive environments) limit the areas of its application [1-8]. In order to reduce these

disadvantages of NBR, many researchers first used state-of-the-art mixers to obtain the rubber composition [9-

11]. Then, 5 parts by weight of antiparticles were added to the plasticized NBR and mixed in the same mixer for

5 minutes. ZnO as an activator and Altax as an activator were added to this mixture and mixed again for 5

minutes to obtain the modified composition [12-13]. Other authors, on the other hand, kept the NBR-based

rubber composition in an oven with air circulation at 70 °C for 70 hours to study the effect of thermal aging [14-

19]. These authors modified nitrile-butadiene rubber with functional groups [20-22]. The main research efforts

of the scientists focused on improving the mechanical strength of NBR and, primarily, on modifying the rubber

with chemically functional groups. As a result of this modification, it was possible to improve the strength and

chemical resistance of NBR materials [23-24]. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that nitrile-butadiene

rubber is more durable than PET-based fabrics and exhibits superior properties [25-29].

Page 1382

www.rsisinternational.org

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue V, May 2026

Method

The general appearance of the astragals for modifying nitrile-butadiene rubber is shown in Figure 1.

Отправить отзыв

Figure 1 The general appearance astragals

As a result of the research, we determined that the astragals we used contained - Selenium 1.5 mg%. Macro- and

micro-elements (calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, cobalt, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum,

chromium

Roller milling of the composition

The compositions based on nitrile butadiene rubber and astracous were prepared on a roller mill by mixing in a

temperature range of 30-60°C for 12 minutes. (See Table 1)

Table 1. Formulation of the composition based on nitrile butadiene rubber and astracous

Ingredients in the composite

material

Mooney Viscosity

ML4-100℃

Micro volume porosity MKM

NBR

90/53

7.2

PVC

50/53

0.75

Astragaus

53/50

4.6

0,12

As a result of experimental studies for the production of NBR-based rubber compounds, an optimal formulation

was obtained, the data for which are presented in Table 2. (This formulation is provided and compared with the

standard formulation.)

l: Table 2. Comparison of the standard and proposed formulations

Ingredient

Reference composition

Suggested composition

NBR

100

Sulphur

3.5

2.5

Altax

1,5

0.9

Mercapto

0,5

1.2

ZnO

3.5

Page 1383

www.rsisinternational.org

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue V, May 2026

Neozon-D

Stearic acid

1.2

Rosin

2.5

1.5

Technical carbon (P-803)

Technical carbon (P-234)

Astragaus

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Geological Properties Study

The rheological properties of the composition were studied using a TIR-4 unit at various temperatures of 120ºC,

170ºC, and 190ºC and various loads. The results are presented graphically in Figures 2-4.

Figure 2. Flow ability index of the composition Figure 3. Flow ability index of the attemperaturea120ºC

190ºC.

Figure 4. Flow ability index of the at temperature 170ºC

The study found that astragalus is compatible with nitrile butadiene rubber at 5-7 parts by weight and can be

combined with it in various proportions. However, the best results were achieved with astragalus content of 6

parts by weight.

To confirm the modification of NBR with astragalus, infrared analysis of this system was conducted, the results

of which are presented in Figures 5-7.

-6

-4

-2

0 2 4 6 8 10

log Q, sm3 * san-1

butadienterftalat mass.ph.

120˚C

-4

-2

0 2 4 6 8 10

log Q, sm3 * san-1

butadienterftalate nass.ph.

190˚C

-4

-2

0 2 4 6 8 10

log Q, sm3 * san-1

butadienterftalate mass.p, k.h.

170˚C

Page 1384

www.rsisinternational.org

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue V, May 2026

a of pure NBR sample

Figure 5. IR Spectra of pure astragals

Figure 6. Infrared spectra of NBR composite sample with the addition of 6 parts by mass of astragals.

The resulting composition based on astragals biopolymer with the addition of nitrile butadiene rubber was

vulcanized, and the physical and mechanical properties of the vulcanizate were determined after the

vulcanization process (Table 3):

Page 1385

www.rsisinternational.org

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue V, May 2026

Table 3. Physical and mechanical properties of a vulcanizate based on NBR + astragals and their comparison

with standard rubbers

Investigated properties

Sample of reference vulcanizate

Sample of obtained

vulcanizate

Ultimate tensile strength, MPa

18,7

18,6

20,3

24,9

22,8

Relative elongation, %

325

337

315

390

420

445

Relative residual deformation, %

15,6

16,7

Tear resistance, kN/m

72,4

73,6

74,1

Friction resistance, cm3/Wh

62,7

Adhesion to the metal surface, MPa:

Steel - 3

Brass

7.4

7,1

7,7

5,4

10.1

7,2

11,5

8,6

12,1

9,3

Brittleness Temperature,

29.5

Strength (Measured in TM-2 apparatus),

MPa

87,2

85,5

Reversible deformation, %

16,7

15.7

RESULTS

1. Analysis of the Key Performance Indicators of the NBR + Astragals-Based Vulcanizate Revealed That

the Resulting Rubbers Exhibit Ozone Resistance and High Chemical Stability. These Characteristics

Can Be Used in the Production of Products Resistant to Ozone, Oil, and Gasoline, and Capable of

Operating in Aggressive Environments.

2. The Proposed NBR-Based Material Can Be Used for General-Purpose Optical Cables.

3. The Proposed Composition (NBR + Astragals) Significantly Increases the Bond Strength of Rubber

with Metals (Steel-3, Brass), Increases Gasoline Resistance, and Improves the Material's Mechanical

Strength.

REFERENCE

1. Alizade Tarlan PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM ROAD BITUMEN

MODIFIED ON THE BASIS OF STYRENE-BUTADIENE BUTYL RUBBE, 2024, Innovative

scientific research Proceedings of the IX International Scientific and Practical

2. Conference 14-15 March , Pp34-40 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882832

3. 2.G. Barrera Torres, Carlos M. Gutierrez Aguilar, Elizabeth R al. et . Application of Post-Industrial

Leather Waste for the Development of Sustainable Rubber Composites

4. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 190; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020190

4. Gambaro D.SH., Ibrahim Nabila F. Geographical areal types of Astaxanthin and Astragals species spread

in Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic // Kafka’s Universities Fen Balmier Entities 2011, pp.58-64.NO

DOI

5. Gambaro D.SH. Floristic analysis of the species of Astaxanthand Astragals spreading the area of the

Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic // European Academic Rehears, 2013, İmpact Factor 0,485: p. 2586-

2593

Page 1386

www.rsisinternational.org

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue V, May 2026

6. Gambaro D.SH. Spreading of Astaxanthin and Astragals species on the highland zones of the

Nakhichevan autonomous republic // European Academic Research, 2014, İmpact Factor 3,1: p.-4153-

4159 / DOI: 10.32388/ZCAXYW.2

7. kerem Seyfi Modification of the used up polymeric materials and investigation thof e properties of the

materials obtained. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, 2022, 11(2), pages 4697–

4702 DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.G5721.079920

5. 5..Kerem Shixaliyev. Investigation of the subsequent use of lands along the Araz River contaminated wit

h heavy metals,2023, JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICAL MATERIALS

ISS N: Vol. 43, Issue-01, pp.

102-111

https://www.hkclxb.cn/article/view/2023/102.html

6. 7.. Kerem Shixaliyev Research New Ways of Processing Polymer Waste that was Formed as a Result of

Operation321-335 Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1 Vol. 1, 22

December 2022 , Page 25-35https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/npgees/v1/17431D

7. Kerem Shixaliyev PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOSITION BASED ON MODIFIED

POLYETHYLENES , 2023, Eur. Chem. Bull. , 2023; Volume -12 , Special Issue-5 : Page: 242-258 .

doi 10.31838/ECB/2023.12.si5.023

8. Kerem Shixaliyev Study of the Properties of the Composition Obtained Based on Mixtures of Polyvinyl

Chloride and Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers International ,2023,Journal of Current Science Research

and Review ISSN: 2581-8341 Vol 6 No 1 (2023): Volume 06 Issue 01 January ,pp314-318

doi 10.31838/ECB/2023.12.si5.023

9. 10.Kerem Shixaliyev.Investigating Recycling Methods of End-of-Life Car Tires,2023, Journal of

Advanced Zoology, Volume 44 Issue S-3 Year 2023 Page 1149:1157

,DOI: https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44iS-3.1205

10. 11. Kerem Shixaliyev Investigation of the Рroрerties of a Composition Obtained based on Mixtures of

Polyvinylchloride and Synthetic Rubber Ethylene Рroрylene Terрoliymer2023,Editorial Board of Journal

of Coastal Life Medicine editor special issue eurchembull . Vol. 11: Number 1, 2023 JCLMM 1/11

pp.|2653–2658, https://www.jclmm.com/index.php/journal/article/view/741

11. . 117-126Technology, DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.G5721.079920

12. 12 .Md Najib Alam, Siraj Azam, Jongwan Yun and Sang-Shin Park.: Critical Role of Rubber

Functionalities on the Mechanical and Electrical Responses of Carbon Nanotube-Based Electroactive

Rubber Composites

13. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 127; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020127

14. Lama Jabreen, Moorthy Maruthapandi, Arulappan Durairaj, Ultrasonic Deposition of Cellulose

Nanocrystals on Substrates for Enhanced Eradication Activity on Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Polymers 2025, 17(2), 154; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020154

15. 14.Marina V. Parchaykina, Elena V. Liyaskina, Alena O. Bogatyreva Cost-Effective Production of

Bacterial Cellulose and Tubular Materials by Cultivating Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans B-11267

on a Molasses Medium

16. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 179; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020179

17. 15 .Marianna Barbalinardo, Giuseppe Falini and Devis Montroni.Sustainable 3D Scaffolds Based on β-

Chitin and Collagen I for Wound Dressing Applications

18. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 140; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020140

19. 16.Mengting Lu, Xiaoxiao Lu, Weiyi Tao, al.et, A Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced

by Sphingomonas sp. MT01 and Its Potential Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery

20. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 186; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020186

21. 17.Liguang Zhao, Peng Xing, Liyang Zhao, Qigui Yang, Optimization Study of a High-Efficiency

Preservative for Ammonia-Free Concentrated Natural Rubber Latex

22. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 188; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020188

23. 18.Maxim Fatkullin, Ilia Petrov, Elizaveta Dogadina, al et. Electrochemical Switching of Laser-Induced

Graphene/Polymer Composites for Tunable Electronics

24. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 192; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020192

25. 19. Md Najib Alam, Siraj Azam, Jongwan Yun and Sang-Shin ParkCritical Role of Rubber

Functionalities on the Mechanical and Electrical Responses of Carbon Nanotube-Based Electroactive

Rubber CompositesPolymers 2025, 17(2), 127; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020127

Page 1387

www.rsisinternational.org

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XV, Issue V, May 2026

26. 20.. Nnaemeka Ewurum and Armando G. McDonald, Lignin Reinforcement in Polybutylene Succinate

Copolymers

27. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 194; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020194

28. 21. Poan Plamadiala, Catalin Croitoru, Mihai Alin Pop and Input Claudio RoataEnhancing Polylactic

Acid (PLA) Performance: A Review of Additives in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Filaments

29. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 191; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020191

30. 22. Pergal, Jelena Brkljačić, Dana Vasiljević-Radović,al.etStructure and Functional Characteristics of

Novel Polyurethane/Ferrite Nanocomposites with Antioxidant Properties and Improved Biocompatibility

for Vascular Graft Development

31. Polymers 2025, 17(2), 152; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020152

32. 23..Rahimli Karamat, Mammadova Rasmiyya.Preparation and investigation of an adhesive composition

with the added nanoparticles https://isg-konf.com/wpcontent/uploads/2024/05/INNOVATIVE-

SOLUTIONS-IN-PUBLIC-COMMUNICATIONS-AND-INTERNATIONAL-

RELATIONS.pdf#page=43

33. 24.Rasmiyya, Mammadova, Afsuna, Asgarli.CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF MALEIC

ANHYDRIDE-STYRENE COPOLYMER AND INVESTIGATION WITH SPECTROSCOPIC

TECHNIQUES. German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift

fur Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft, 2024, n. 80, p. 16, doi. 10.5281/zenodo.11211848

34. 25.. Shuta Hara, Akiko Kojima, Atsushi Furukawa, al.et Mechanical Properties and Decomposition

Behavior of Compression Moldable Poly(Malic Acid)/α-Tricalcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials

Polymers 2025, 17(2), 147; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020147

35. 26. Shuta Hara, Akiko Kojima, Atsushi Furukawa, al.et Mechanical Properties and Decomposition

Behavior of Compression Moldable Poly(Malic Acid)/α-Tricalcium Phosphate Hybrid

MaterialsPolymers 2025, 17(2), 147; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020147

36. 27.Youssef Cherradi, Camelia Cerbu, Ioan Calin Rosa al.et Acoustic, Mechanical, and Thermal

Characterization of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA)-Based Wood Composites Reinforced with Beech and Oak

Wood Fibers Polymers 2025, 17(2), 142; DOI: 10.3390/polym17020142

37. 28 Movlayev I.G., Modification of the used up polymeric materials and investigation that e properties

of the materials obtained. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, 2022, 11(2), pages

4697–4702 DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.G5721.079920

38. 29. .Kerem Shixaliyev. Investigation of the subsequent use of lands along the Araz River contaminated

wit h heavy metals,2023, JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICAL MATERIALS

ISS N: Vol. 43, Issue-01,

pp. 102-111

https://www.hkclxb.cn/article/view/2023/102.html