The main objective of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial efficacy of

rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), quantify its extraction yield, and elucidate its phytochemical profile.

Rosemary, also known as Rosmarinus officinalis, is native to the Mediterranean region. It belongs to the mint

family and is an evergreen shrub related to basil and marjoram. Some rosemary plants can reach a height of one

meter or more. Its small, grayish-green leaves resemble pine needles and have a sweet, slightly bitter aroma

A sample of rosemary was taken, dried, ground, weighed, and placed in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. After

exiting the apparatus, it was weighed, the extraction rate was calculated, and the components present in the

rosemary were identified and collected by conducting phytochemical analysis using potassium hydroxide, ferric

Based on these findings, Rosmarinus officinalis shows profound therapeutic potential and is highly

recommended for further pharmacological investigation against neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's

disease), depression, diabetes, and oncological malignancies. Due to its proven antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,

antioxidant, and hair-growth-stimulating properties, future milestones will focus on formulating this bioactive

extract into functional foods and dietary supplements. Furthermore, downstream research will investigate the

genetic variations within local rosemary cultivars and evaluate their direct impact on the plant's chemotypic

profile and biological efficacy.

Rosemary is native to the Mediterranean area. A member of the mint family, it is an evergreen shrub also related

Usage of rosemary dates back to 500 BC. when it was used as a culinary and medicinal herb by the ancient

Greeks and Romans. It is still a popular medicinal herb today. In 1987, researchers at Rutgers University in

New Jersey patented a food preservative derived from rosemary.

The chemical called rosmaridiphenol, is a very stable antioxidant useful in cosmetics and plastic food packaging,

Rosemary is indeed a versatile, aromatic rosmarinus officinalis is common household plant grown in many part

of the world.

Rosemary extracts boast a complex chemical profile comprising several distinct phytochemical classes[1],[2].

These components can be categorized as follows:

consumed in small amounts as herbal tea, while rosemary extracts are routinely employed as natural antioxidants

to improve the shelf life of perishable foods [1]. Also, it is used traditionally as a flavoring agent and

antispasmodic in renal colic and dysmenorrhea, in relieving respiratory disorders, and to stimulate hair growth

[5]. It is one of the medicinal plants that has different pharmacological activities [5], such as antimicrobial effects

on mono- and polymicrobial biofilms [6], cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activity [4], [7], [8], anti-inflammatory

capacity, and genotoxicity.

(rosemary) is placed for extraction.

through it to be cooled, condensed, and returned to the sample holder.

from the s0ample holder into the heating flask

fundamental streams:

During operation, the feed mixture is intimately contacted with the solvent within a mixing vessel to maximize

the interfacial area for mass transfer. Subsequently, the resulting mixture is transferred to a phase separator

Place the solid material from which the compounds are to be extracted inside a tube made of thick filter paper

or grease-free paper. Install the sample tube in the device's extraction chamber, then place the entire device over

a beaker containing the appropriate solvent, and connect the condenser at the top and the solvent is heated in

the beaker, where it evaporates and rises through distillation arm to reach the condenser at the top.

The condenser cools the solvent vapor and condenses it into a liquid. This liquid then drips onto the sample

inside the extraction chamber.the chamber is filled with hot solvent, causing a portion of the desired substance

to dissolve in the solvent.

solvent and the desired compound to flow back into the distillation flask.

This cycle is repeated continuously, as the solvent evaporates, condenses, and then flows over the sample,

ensuring thorough and efficient extraction of the desired compounds.

After the extraction process is complete, the solvent is removed from the flask, usually using a rotary evaporator,

to obtain the extracted compound about 75 gram of Coarsely powder was extracted by petroleum ether,and the

extraction was done by using soxhlet apparatus which is compose of heat source, distillation tube, siphon tube,

(Rosmarinus officinalis) was extracted by methanol. And the yield percent was calculated. Finally measure the

weight of the sample and the final product.

Firstly about 0.5 gram of Rosmarinus officinalis extract was taken and then 30 ml of ethanol was added as

solvent in conical flask, after that the mixture was filtrated, then the filtrate was divided into many test tubes to

do different phytochemical screening tests.

Six samples of Rosmarinus officinalis extract were prepared with different agents range . Samples from the

extracts solutions were collected and tested for Flavonoids, Tannin, terpenoid, ditepenes. Anthraquinone

Difference between extractions yields demonstrated in Table (1) showed that the highest yield in extractions

was achieved by the methanol and the lowest yield percentage in extraction was showed by petroleum

ether,the different in yields according to the solvent which was use and these may be related to the polarity of

the solvent plant consist of some polar component .

The results of Phytochemical screening for methanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis was monitoring in

table (2).

Photo (1) : show the phytochemical results :

Table (2) cytotoxic effect of Rosmarinus officinalis Methanolic extract on brine shrimp nauplii: