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Acadlib Tracker: Development of a Python-Based Student
Gradebook, GPA Tracking, and Library Management System using
Object-Oriented Programming
Almiñe, Jonathan B., Balmaceda, Aristeo C., Domanico, Jan Jade C., Limbo, John Kenneth F.,
Mamaspas, Aldrin Breyl., Angel Jessica Pastor., Loraine San Andres., Meshelle N. Fabro.
Department of Computer Engineering Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology
(EARIST) Nagtahan, Manila, Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150500264
Received: 08 June 2026; Accepted: 13 June 2026; Published: 24 June 2026
ABSTRACT
Managing student grades, GPA calculations, and library records in academic institutions is often done manually,
leading to errors, inefficiencies, and delayed reporting. This study presents AcadLib Tracker, a Python-based
system that integrates student gradebook management, GPA computation, and library management into a unified
platform using object-oriented programming (OOP).
The system allows teachers and administrators to input and update student grades, automatically compute GPA,
monitor library book availability, and track borrowing and return activities. Developed using Python and OOP
principles, with SQLite for database management and a graphical interface for ease of use, AcadLib Tracker
ensures accurate record-keeping, reduces manual workload, and provides quick access to academic and library
data.
Functional testing demonstrated that the system successfully performs its intended operations, including grade
entry, GPA calculation, library transaction management, and report generation. Overall, the system provides a
reliable and user-friendly solution for academic record management and library monitoring in educational
settings.
Keywords: AcadLib Tracker, Student Gradebook, GPA Tracking, Library Management System, Python,
Object-Oriented Programming, SQLite
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Academic institutions require efficient methods to manage student performance and library resources. Teachers
and administrators often maintain gradebooks manually, record student performance in spreadsheets, and track
library books using logbooks or separate systems. These methods can lead to errors in grade calculation, delayed
GPA computation, and difficulty in monitoring library activities. In addition, manual systems consume
significant time and effort, limiting the ability of staff to focus on instructional and support tasks.
A computerized system can address these challenges by integrating academic and library management into a
single platform. Automated gradebooks and GPA calculators reduce human errors, ensure accurate academic
tracking, and generate reports efficiently. Similarly, a library management module ensures that book inventory,
borrowing, and return activities are monitored in real-time, providing reliable access to library resources.
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Problem Statement
This study aims to develop a unified system, AcadLib Tracker, that manages student grades, computes GPA,
and monitors library records using object-oriented programming. Specifically, the system seeks to answer the
following questions:
1. How can student grades and GPA calculations be automated to ensure accuracy and efficiency?
2. How can the system integrate library management functions with student academic records?
3. How can a graphical user interface improve usability for teachers, administrators, and library staff?
4. How can object-oriented programming and database integration improve system maintainability and
reliability?
Objectives of the Study
General Objective
The general objective of this study is to develop AcadLib Tracker, a Python-based OOP system that combines
student gradebook management, GPA tracking, and library management for academic institutions.
Specific Objectives
1. Design a system workflow integrating student grade entry, GPA calculation, and library management.
2. Develop the system using Python and object-oriented programming concepts for modularity and
maintainability.
3. Implement a database system using SQLite to store student grades, GPA records, and library transactions.
4. Create a user-friendly graphical interface for easy navigation and interaction.
5. Automate GPA computation and generate academic performance reports.
6. Manage library operations including book availability, borrowing, and returns.
7. Test system functionality to ensure accurate record-keeping and reliable operation.
Significance of the Study
The development of AcadLib Tracker provides multiple benefits:
Teachers and Academic Staff: Can efficiently manage student grades, calculate GPA, and access
reports without manual errors.
Library Staff: Can track borrowed and returned books, monitor inventory, and maintain accurate library
records.
Students: Benefit from timely updates on grades, GPA, and library availability.
Educational Institutions: Improve record-keeping, reduce administrative workload, and ensure reliable
academic and library management.
REVIEW OF RELEVANT THEORY, STUDIES, AND LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the theoretical foundations, related studies, and literature relevant to the development of
AcadLib Tracker, a Python-based system integrating student gradebooks, GPA tracking, and library
management. It includes concepts on student information systems, library management systems, database
integration, object-oriented programming, and GUI-based applications.
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Student Gradebook and GPA Management
Figure 1. Student Gradebook and GPA Management
Gradebooks are essential tools for recording student academic performance. Traditionally, grades were
maintained manually using notebooks or spreadsheets, which may lead to miscalculations, missing records, or
delayed reporting. A computerized gradebook automates calculations, tracks cumulative GPA, and allows
educators to access academic history easily.
Studies show that digital student information systems improve accuracy, reduce administrative workload, and
provide real-time academic insights (Bhavani et al., 2025; Jaiswal & Pandey, 2024). GPA tracking ensures that
students and teachers can monitor performance over multiple semesters, identify academic trends, and generate
reports efficiently.
Library Management Systems
Figure 2. Library Management Systems
Library Management Systems (LMS) provide structured access to book records, borrowing activities, and
inventory monitoring. Manual methods in schools often lead to misplaced books, delayed return tracking, and
inaccurate inventory reporting. A computerized LMS integrates book records with borrower information and
automates borrowing, return, and reporting functions (Dagogo, 2024; Mardiyati, Pauziah, & Sutrisno, 2025).
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Digital LMS solutions improve accessibility for administrators and students, reduce errors, and support reporting
requirements. When combined with academic performance systems, LMS modules can provide integrated
oversight of both academic and resource usage data.
Object-Oriented Programming in System Development
Figure 3. Object-Oriented Programming in System Development
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on encapsulating data and functions
into objects. OOP enhances modularity, code reusability, maintainability, and scalability (Silberschatz et al.,
2019). In Python, OOP allows developers to create classes representing students, courses, books, or library users,
with methods to manipulate grades, compute GPA, or update inventory records.
Previous studies highlight the effectiveness of Python OOP for academic applications. Bhavani et al. (2025)
developed a Python-based student information system that demonstrated reliability and easy maintenance
through class-based structures. Python OOP also supports integration with databases like SQLite, ensuring data
persistence.
Database Management and Integration
Figure 4. Database Management and Integration
Database systems are essential for storing academic and library records. SQLite is a lightweight, file-based
relational database system suitable for small-scale applications like AcadLib Tracker. It allows storage of student
grades, GPA calculations, book inventory, and transaction logs.
Database integration ensures data consistency, prevents duplicate records, and supports queries for reporting and
analysis. Studies by Urwin (2025) and GeeksforGeeks (2025) emphasize the importance of proper database
design in education management systems to facilitate accurate data retrieval and manipulation.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) Design
Figure 5. Graphical User Interface (GUI) Design
A graphical user interface improves usability for non-technical users. GUI-based applications allow users to
interact through forms, tables, buttons, and menus instead of command-line instructions. Tkinter or PyQt5
libraries in Python are commonly used to build interactive, desktop-based GUIs for education and library systems
(Ariyanti & Supriyanto, 2023).
In educational systems, GUI interfaces increase efficiency, reduce errors, and provide a visually intuitive
environment for entering grades, tracking GPA, and managing library resources.
Related Studies
1. Lathifuddin et al. (2026) developed a web-based LMS integrating academic record management with
digital resource tracking, showing improved record accuracy and reporting efficiency.
2. Singh (2024) emphasized the importance of GUI and database integration for usability and accurate
student record management.
3. Nurfadillah & Rahman (2023) applied usability testing in an OPAC library system, highlighting the
need for intuitive interfaces in educational applications.
4. Rijal (2024) customized the KOHA library system to improve interface and accessibility, supporting
user-centered design principles.
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These studies collectively show that integrating grade management and library systems with proper database
design and GUI interfaces can significantly improve accuracy, usability, and efficiency.
Synthesis
Based on the reviewed literature:
Manual gradebooks and library records are prone to errors and inefficiency.
Python OOP provides a robust framework for modular and maintainable educational systems.
SQLite databases allow persistent storage of student and library records.
GUI interfaces enhance usability for administrators and students.
Integration of academic and library modules in a single system improves oversight, reporting, and
operational efficiency.
Thus, the development of AcadLib Tracker follows these principles to provide a unified, reliable, and user-
friendly platform for academic performance tracking and library management.
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, system development process, database design, tools and technologies,
system features, testing procedure, and evaluation methods used in developing AcadLib Tracker, a Python-
based student gradebook, GPA tracker, and library management system.
Research Design
The study employed a system development approach, suitable for designing and implementing a desktop-based
application that automates academic and library record-keeping. The system addresses challenges in manual
gradebooks, GPA calculation, and library management by providing an integrated platform that reduces errors,
improves record accuracy, and streamlines reporting.
The approach includes planning, system design, coding, database integration, testing, and implementation.
System Development Process
Planning
The planning phase involved identifying the key problems in managing student academic records and library
resources, such as miscalculations in grades, delayed GPA computation, misplaced library records, and
inefficient manual reporting. System requirements were established, including:
Gradebook management
GPA computation
Student record tracking
Library management (books, borrowing, returns)
Report generation
System Design
System design included creating flowcharts, interface mockups, and class diagrams to guide development. Key
modules were defined:
Gradebook Module – for recording, updating, and calculating student grades and GPA.
Student Management Module – for maintaining student details.
Library Module – for managing books, borrowing, and returns.
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Report Module – for generating academic and library summaries.
Exit Module – for safely closing the system.
Development
The system was developed using Python and implemented with Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
principles. Python classes were used to represent students, courses, books, and transactions, allowing modular
and maintainable code. Methods were implemented for adding, editing, deleting, and retrieving records.
Database Integration
An SQLite database was used to store academic records, GPA data, and library information. The database
contains the following tables:
Table Name
Description
students
Stores student IDs, names, and course details
grades
Stores student grades for each subject or course
gpa
Stores calculated GPA values for each student
books
Stores book ID, title, author, category, year, and availability
transactions
Records borrow and return details for library books
activity_log
Tracks user actions, such as grade updates or book management
The database ensures data persistence and supports efficient querying for report generation.
Graphical User Interface
A GUI was created to improve usability. The GUI allows users to interact with the system through forms,
buttons, tables, and menus rather than using command-line inputs. It supports key operations such as:
Adding and editing grades
Calculating GPA automatically
Borrowing and returning books
Searching student or book records
Generating academic and library reports
Testing Procedure
Functional testing was performed to verify that each module works as intended. The following aspects were
tested:
Adding, editing, and deleting grades and student records
Automatic GPA calculation accuracy
Adding, editing, deleting, borrowing, and returning books
Searching for students and books
Generating academic and library reports
Database integration and data persistence
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Input validation to prevent incorrect entries
Each test case was evaluated for expected versus actual results and marked as PASS if the system performed
correctly.
Implementation
After testing, the system was implemented as a desktop application capable of managing student grades, GPA,
and library operations. The interface allows administrators, teachers, or staff to access modules through a secure
and intuitive GUI while the SQLite database stores all academic and library data permanently.
Tools and Technologies Used
Programming Language: Python – Handles system logic and operations
GUI Framework: PyQt5 – Creates the interactive user interface
Database: SQLite3 – Stores academic and library records permanently
Development Tools: VS Code – IDE for coding, testing, and debugging
UI/UX Design: Figma – Used to design the interface layout and workflow
System Features
The developed system includes:
1. Gradebook Management – Add, edit, and delete student grades
2. GPA Tracking – Automatically calculates GPA for each student
3. Student Management – Record and maintain student details
4. Library Management – Add, edit, delete books; process borrow/return transactions
5. Report Generation – Generate summaries of grades, GPA, and library transactions
6. Activity Logging – Tracks administrative actions
7. Exit Module – Safely closes the system while maintaining database integrity
Summary
The methodology followed a system development approach incorporating Python, OOP, SQLite database, and
GUI design. Functional testing confirmed the reliability and accuracy of all modules, ensuring that AcadLib
Tracker effectively manages student academic and library records, automates GPA calculation, and supports
report generation for educational institutions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the results and discussion of AcadLib Tracker, a Python-based system integrating student
gradebook management, GPA calculation, and library management. It highlights the system overview, main
modules, GUI, testing results, and performance evaluation.
System Overview
AcadLib Tracker is a desktop application designed to streamline academic and library operations. The system
automates:
Recording student grades
GPA calculation
Student record management
Library book tracking
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Borrowing and return transactions
Report generation
It uses Python with OOP principles for modularity, SQLite for database storage, and PyQt5 for the GUI. The
SQLite database stores student information, grades, GPA, book records, and borrowing history permanently.
The system begins with a secure login. After successful authentication, the user can navigate to modules for
grade entry, GPA computation, library operations, and reports.
System Features and Results
Figure 6. Screenshot of the AcadLib Tracker interface showing the Dashboard, Student Management,
Gradebook & GPA, Library Management, Borrowing Transactions, and Reports modules.
The GUI demonstrates intuitive navigation, data entry, and real-time display of academic and library
information.
AcadLib Tracker software interface showcasing multiple modules: Dashboard, Student Management,
Gradebook & GPA, Library Management, Borrowing Transactions, and Reports. The GUI highlights real-time
academic and library data management, intuitive navigation, and efficient user interaction
Figure 7. Screenshots of individual modules of the AcadLib Tracker system: (1) Gradebook & GPA
Module, (2) Student Management Module, (3) Library Management Module, (4) Borrowing Transactions
Module, (5) Reports Module, and (6) Settings Module.
Each module demonstrates intuitive GUI elements such as tables, buttons, and forms, facilitating efficient
academic and library management.
AcadLib Tracker interface showcasing six core modules: Gradebook & GPA, Student Management, Library
Management, Borrowing Transactions, Reports, and Settings. The GUI demonstrates organized tables,
interactive forms, and buttons designed for efficient academic and library data management.
Gradebook and GPA Module
The Gradebook module allows teachers to add, edit, and delete student grades. The GPA module automatically
calculates each student’s GPA based on the entered grades.
Result:
Grades were recorded correctly in the database.
GPA calculation was accurate based on the stored grades.
Input validation prevented invalid entries such as empty fields or invalid grade values.
Student Management Module
This module manages student personal information, such as name, student ID, and course details.
Result:
Student records were added, edited, and deleted successfully.
Search functionality returned accurate student information.
Database updates reflected correctly in the GUI.
Library Management Module
This module allows tracking of books, borrowing, and return operations.
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Result:
Book records were added, edited, and removed correctly.
Borrow and return transactions updated book availability status accurately.
Overdue books and borrowed books were displayed correctly in the interface.
Report Generation
The system generates reports for grades, GPA, and library transactions.
Result:
Reports displayed accurate records based on database entries.
Export functionality worked as intended, providing summaries for student performance and library
activity.
Graphical User Interface
The GUI, built with PyQt5, included:
Forms for grade and student entry
Tables for book inventory and transaction display
Buttons for module navigation and data operations
Result:
GUI was intuitive and responsive.
Users could perform tasks efficiently without prior technical knowledge.
System Testing Results
Functional testing was conducted on all major modules to ensure proper system operation. The test cases
included both valid and invalid inputs.
Test Case
What Was Done
Expected Result
Status
Invalid Login
Credentials
Entered wrong username or
password
Show error message
PASS
Empty Input Fields
Left required fields blank
Block saving and display
warning
PASS
Add Student Record
Entered valid student info
Record saved in database
PASS
Edit Student Record
Modified student info
Changes reflected in
database
PASS
Delete Student
Record
Removed a student
Record deleted from
database
PASS
Add Book Record
Entered book details
Record saved in database
PASS
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Edit Book Record
Modified book info
Changes reflected
PASS
Delete Book Record
Removed a book
Record deleted
PASS
Borrow Book
Borrowed available book
Status updated,
transaction recorded
PASS
Borrow Unavailable
Book
Attempted to borrow
unavailable book
Block transaction
PASS
Return Book
Returned borrowed book
Status updated
PASS
Search Records
Searched for student or
book
Display matching records
PASS
Generate Report
Requested GPA or library
report
Report generated
accurately
PASS
All test cases passed successfully, demonstrating that AcadLib Tracker reliably performs its intended functions.
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The results indicate that AcadLib Tracker successfully automates student academic and library operations:
The Gradebook and GPA module reduces manual errors in recording grades and calculating GPAs.
Student management ensures accurate personal records, reducing administrative workload.
Library management supports real-time tracking of books and borrower activity, improving resource
allocation.
Report generation allows quick review of academic performance and library activity.
The GUI enhances usability, making the system accessible for staff without programming experience.
Overall, the system improves record-keeping efficiency, minimizes human errors, and provides a unified
platform for academic and library management in educational institutions.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
Based on the development, testing, and evaluation of AcadLib Tracker, the researchers concluded that the
system successfully met its objectives of providing a unified platform for managing student grades, GPA
tracking, and library operations.
The system addressed the limitations of manual record-keeping by:
Allowing accurate recording and modification of student grades.
Automatically calculating and updating GPA for students based on their course grades.
Maintaining organized student records, including personal information and academic performance.
Managing library books, borrowing, and return transactions efficiently.
Generating academic and library reports to support administrative decision-making.
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Functional testing showed that all system modules—gradebook, GPA computation, student management, library
management, borrowing/return processing, and report generation—performed correctly. Input validation
prevented errors such as empty fields, duplicate IDs, and invalid entries, ensuring the integrity of records.
The graphical user interface provided an intuitive and user-friendly environment, allowing teachers and staff to
navigate the system easily without requiring technical expertise. The SQLite database ensured permanent storage
of academic and library data, providing reliable access even after the system was closed.
Overall, AcadLib Tracker proved to be a reliable, accurate, and efficient solution for managing student
academic records and library operations in an educational setting.
Recommendations
Based on the study findings and observed limitations, the following recommendations are proposed for future
improvement:
1. User Authentication and Roles: Implement role-based access for administrators, teachers, and library
staff to enhance system security.
2. Advanced Reporting: Add detailed reporting features including GPA trends, borrowing history,
overdue books, and performance analytics.
3. Notification System: Include notifications or reminders for overdue books or upcoming report
submissions.
4. Multi-User Access: Enable networked access to allow multiple staff members to operate the system
simultaneously.
5. Cloud Integration: Add cloud storage or online backup for data security and remote access.
6. Mobile or Web Interface: Develop mobile or web-based versions to provide flexible access for teachers
and students.
7. Barcode or QR Code Integration: Integrate book barcodes or student ID QR codes for faster borrowing
and return processing.
8. Enhanced GUI Design: Improve interface layout and add visual indicators for borrowed, overdue, or
returned books.
9. Audit Trails: Include detailed logging of all modifications to grades, GPA, or library records to enhance
accountability.
10. Usability Testing: Conduct further usability testing with actual users to refine the system’s interface and
workflow for real-world implementation.
In conclusion, AcadLib Tracker currently meets its core objectives but can be further enhanced with additional
security, reporting, notification, multi-user support, and modern interface features. Implementing these
recommendations will make the system more robust, scalable, and suitable for broader use in educational
institutions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their heartfelt appreciation to Engr. Meshelle N. Fabro, PCpE, for her
dedicated mentorship, professional guidance, and expert supervision throughout the completion of this study.
Her valuable insights, constructive suggestions, and continuous encouragement significantly contributed to the
successful development and improvement of this research.
The researchers also extend their sincere gratitude to the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science
and Technology (EARIST), particularly the Department of Computer Engineering, together with its faculty
members, for providing the academic knowledge, technical resources, and institutional support necessary for the
accomplishment of this project. The institution’s commitment to excellence in education, innovation, and
research played an essential role in the success of this study.
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Special thanks are also given to the families and friends of the researchers for their unwavering support, patience,
understanding, and motivation. Their encouragement served as a source of inspiration and strength throughout
the challenges encountered during the research process.
Above all, the researchers offer their deepest gratitude to Almighty God for the wisdom, guidance, strength, and
perseverance bestowed upon them throughout this endeavor. This work is humbly dedicated to His glory,
acknowledging that every achievement was made possible through His grace and blessings.
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Jonathan B. Almiñe is a dedicated Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute
of Science and Technology. He possesses a deep passion for the intersection of hardware integration and software
development. Known for his strong work ethic, Jonathan is highly committed to completing his academic
responsibilities with excellence. Driven by a commitment to technological advancement, he recently contributed
to the research and implementation of a portable, solar-powered charging station designed for student use.
Beyond his proficiency in programming, Jonathan is an avid problem solver who is always eager to learn and
adapt to the ever-evolving technological landscape.
Aristeo C. Balmaceda is a Computer Engineering student at Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science
and Technology (EARIST). He is passionate about technology and dedicated to expanding his knowledge in
programming, computer systems, and software development. As a hardworking and determined student, he
continuously strives to improve his technical skills and academic performance through perseverance,
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responsibility, and a strong commitment to learning, Aristeo aims to overcome challenges and achieve his goals
in the field of computer engineering. He is eager to explore new technologies and gain valuable experience that
will help him become a skilled and successful computer engineer in the future.
Jan Jade C. Domanico is a dedicated Computer Engineering student at Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute
of Science and Technology. Passionate about achieving his dream, he is committed to finishing his studies as a
way to give back to the people who are supporting him. While he is currently building foundational knowledge,
he is highly motivated to improve his skills in the field of computer engineering. Through focus, determination,
and a continuous desire to learn, he aspires to grow into a knowledgeable and successful professional in the
technology industry.
John Kenneth F. Limbo is a Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of
Science and Technology. Passionate about learning and personal growth, he is eager to gain new knowledge and
develop valuable skills. His goal is to successfully complete his studies, graduate, and build a successful career
in the future. Through this research, he hopes to contribute meaningful insights while continuing to grow
academically and professionally.
Aldrin Breyl A. Mamaspas is a Computer Engineering student at Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of
Science and Technology (EARIST) who is passionate about technology and committed to expanding his
knowledge in computing and engineering. He continuously works on developing his skills in programming,
problem-solving, and system development while maintaining dedication to his academic responsibilities. With
a strong desire to learn and adapt to new technologies, he embraces challenges as opportunities for personal and
professional growth. Through hard work, perseverance, and continuous self-improvement, he aims to become a
competent Computer Engineer capable of contributing innovative solutions and making a meaningful impact in
the field of technology.
Angel Jessica L. Pastor is a Computer Engineering student at Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science
and Technology. She is passionate about technology and committed to developing her knowledge and skills in
the field of computing and innovation. As a dedicated and responsible student,
she continuously seeks opportunities to enhance her understanding of programming, computer systems, and
emerging technologies. Through hard work, perseverance, and a strong eagerness to learn, she strives to achieve
academic excellence and prepare for future professional challenges. She aims to contribute to the advancement
of technology and become a competent and successful professional in the industry.
Loraine San Andres is a diligent student from Eulogio 'Amang' Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology
who aims to develop her skills and knowledge through education and experience. She is recognized for her
perseverance, teamwork, and commitment to achieving academic goals.