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Rural Health Unit-Bani Talaan System: A Digital Record Keeping
Solution for Barangay Health Workers
Daryl Rudy C. Villar, Lawrence Glenn O. Maqui, Lance Tyron D. Damasco, Joshua D. Gomez,
Ruissan A. Ramos
College of Management and Technology, Pangasinan State University, Alaminos City, Pangasinan,
Alaminos, Pangasinan, Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150500269
Received: 30 May 2026; Accepted: 04 June 2026; Published: 24 June 2026
ABSTRACT
This study presents the development of the RHU Bani Talaan System, a digital information management system
designed to improve record-keeping and service delivery at the Rural Health Unit (RHU) of Bani. As healthcare
facilities increasingly adopt digital solutions to enhance efficiency and accuracy, the RHU Bani faces
challenges related to manual data handling, delayed retrieval of patient records, and limited access to health
information. The RHU Bani Talaan System was developed to address these challenges by providing a
centralized and computerized platform for managing patient records, health services, and reports. This study
employed a developmental and descriptive research approach to design, develop, and evaluate the system. An
analysis of the existing processes and problems was conducted to determine the system requirements and
ensure alignment with the operational needs of the health unit. The results indicate that the implementation of
the RHU Bani Talaan System improves data accessibility, reduces processing time, and enhances the accuracy
and security of health records. The introduction of the system supports more efficient healthcare service
delivery and strengthens information management within the RHU.
Keywords: Rural Health Unit, Health Information System, Digital Records Management, Healthcare
Information System, RHU Bani Talaan System
INTRODUCTION
The healthcare sector in the Philippines plays a vital role in ensuring community well-being, particularly in
rural areas where access to medical services is often limited. Rural Health Units (RHUs) serve as the primary
providers of basic healthcare services and preventive programs at the municipal level. In these settings,
effective record management is essential to ensure accurate patient tracking, continuity of care, and compliance
with healthcare standards (Dadlani & Yadava, 2023). However, many RHUs across the country continue to rely
on manual, paper-based record-keeping systems, which are prone to errors, data loss, delayed retrieval, and
security risks (Kumar, 2023; Bautista et al., 2023).
Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) play a critical role in the Philippine healthcare system by serving as frontline
providers of community-based health services. Their responsibilities include household profiling, child and
maternal health monitoring, health screenings, and submission of reports to the RHU. Despite their importance,
BHWs often manage large volumes of records manually, resulting in challenges such as unreadable
handwriting, duplicated entries, inconsistent data formats, and time-consuming consolidation of reports
(Hartigan-Go et al., 2024). These issues are further exacerbated by inadequate storage facilities and the absence
of standardized digital systems in rural healthcare environments.
In response to these challenges, digital health technologies such as electronic health records (EHRs) and
community health information systems have been introduced in various healthcare settings. Studies have shown
that digital systems can significantly improve data accuracy, accessibility, and security while reducing
administrative workload (Manyazewal et al., 2021; Meier-Diedrich et al., 2025). In the Philippines, initiatives
such as CHITS and BHW Connect demonstrate the potential of ICT-enabled healthcare solutions; however,
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their adoption in remote rural areas remains limited due to infrastructure constraints, low digital literacy, and
insufficient training (Torres et al., 2020; De Mesa et al., 2024).
The Municipality of Bani, Pangasinan, faces similar challenges in managing health records within its Rural
Health Unit. Existing manual procedures often lead to delays in accessing patient information, difficulty in
generating accurate reports, and increased risk of data loss. These challenges highlight the need for a localized,
user-friendly, and secure digital system that aligns with the specific workflows of BHWs and RHU personnel
in a rural setting (Ojo, 2022).
With the increasing availability of internet connectivity and gradual improvements in digital infrastructure in
rural communities, the implementation of a web-based health record management system has become more
feasible. Digital transformation in rural healthcare settings has been shown to enhance service efficiency,
support evidence-based decision-making, and improve overall healthcare delivery when appropriate training
and infrastructure support are provided (Antipuesto, 2021; Umar et al., 2024).
In response to these needs, this paper presents the development of the RHU Bani Talaan System, a digital
record-keeping and health information management system designed to address the limitations of manual
documentation in the Rural Health Unit of Bani, Pangasinan. The system aims to support Barangay Health
Workers and RHU staff by providing a centralized platform for managing household profiles, health records,
and reports. Through the adoption of digital technology, the RHU Bani Talaan System seeks to improve
efficiency, accuracy, and data security, thereby strengthening healthcare service delivery in rural communities.
METHODOLOGY
This study employed a developmental and descriptive research design to design, develop, and evaluate the
RHU Bani Talaan System, a digital record-keeping system for Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) and Rural
Health Unit (RHU) personnel in Bani, Pangasinan. The developmental approach focused on building a
functional information system based on user requirements, while the descriptive approach was used to analyze
existing record-keeping practices and assess system acceptability.
The system was developed using the Agile Software Development Methodology, which allows iterative
development, continuous user feedback, and flexibility in responding to changing requirements. This approach
was particularly suitable for rural healthcare settings, where workflows, technical capacity, and connectivity
constraints require adaptive system design.
Figure 1: Agile Development Cycle
An Input–Process–Output (IPO) framework guided the overall conduct of the study. The framework defines
the resources and requirements used (input), the system development activities undertaken (process), and the
expected system output.
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Figure 2. (IPO) Framework of the Study
The study was conducted at the Rural Health Unit of Bani, Pangasinan, which oversees health services across
27 barangays. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling, focusing on individuals directly
involved in health record-keeping and system use. The participants included the Municipal Health Officer,
Barangay Health Worker Presidents, and BHW representatives from selected barangays. Their participation
provided first-hand insights into current record-keeping practices, challenges, and system requirements.
Respondents
Number
Municipal Health Officer
1
BHW Presidents
2
BHW Representatives
20
Total
23
Table 1: List of the Respondents.
Multiple data collection methods were employed to ensure comprehensive system analysis and evaluation:
Unstructured Interviews were conducted with BHWs and RHU staff to identify existing workflows,
challenges, and user needs.
Questionnaires were administered to evaluate system acceptability in terms of functionality, usability,
efficiency, and reliability.
Observation was used to document actual record-keeping practices and data flow during routine health
activities.
Document Analysis involved reviewing existing RHU forms such as family profiles, accomplishment
reports, and screening records.
Internet and Literature Review supported system design by identifying best practices in rural health
information systems.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section presents and discusses the results obtained from the implementation and evaluation of the RHU
Bani Talaan System. The findings are derived from interviews, observations, documentation analysis, and
system usability evaluation conducted among stakeholders of the Rural Health Unit (RHU) of Bani,
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Pangasinan. The discussion focuses on the existing record-management practices, identified challenges, system
features, and the system’s usability based on the ISO/IEC 25010 software quality model.
Existing Record Management Practices
Results from interviews and observations revealed that RHU Bani primarily relies on a manual, paper-based
record-keeping system. Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) collect household and individual health data
through house-to-house visits across 27 barangays: each subdivided into seven zones. The collected data are
written on family profile forms and later consolidated at the RHU.
The process of gathering resident information, where BHWs manually record demographic and health-related
details during household visits.
Table 2 Gathering of Resident Information
1. Start the process.
2. Identify the list of all residents to be
visited.
3. Visit the house of the current resident.
4. Check whether the resident is available.
5. If the resident is available, then:
Conduct an interview with the resident.
Gather the required information from the
resident.
Record all collected information.
Verify that the recorded information is
correct and complete.
6. End of process
After data collection, records are verified and submitted to the Municipal Health Officer for encoding into the
Bani Household Profiling system. However, the original paper records are still archived in physical file racks,
making retrieval time-consuming and prone to errors.
Table 3 Consolidation of Gathered Resident Data
1. Start the process.
2. Barangay Health Worker (BHW) gathers
resident information.
3. Barangay Health Worker Coordinator
consolidates all gathered information.
4. Submit the consolidated information to
the Municipal Health Office (MHO).
5. Municipal Health Office checks and
verifies the submitted data.
6. Municipal Health Office encodes the
verified data into the Bani Household Profiling
system.
7. Compile all completed forms and file
them in the Rural Health Unit (RHU) file rack.
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8. Submit the finalized documents to the
Provincial Health Office.
9. End the process.
Screening of catchments and child health monitoring are also conducted manually. As shown in Tables 4 and
5, vital signs, growth indicators, and nutritional status are handwritten in monitoring forms, which are later
retrieved during follow-up consultations. These practices significantly affect efficiency, accuracy, and
continuity of healthcare services.
Table 4 Screening of Catchments
1. Start the process.
2. Residents arrive at the Rural Health Unit
for screening.
3. The on-duty Barangay Health Worker
conducts the screening.
4. The Barangay Health Worker measures
and records the resident’s vital signs, including:
Weight and height
Body temperature
Heart rate and pulse rate
Respiratory rate
Blood pressure
Blood oxygen level
Hip and waist measurements
Abdominal, head, and limb
circumference
Visual assessment
Mid-Upper Arm Circumference
(MUAC)
Skin-fold thickness
5. After completing all measurements, the
Barangay Health Worker refers the resident to
the doctor.
6. End the process.
Table 5 Consolidation of Gathered Resident
Data
1. Start the process.
2. Parent/resident brings 0-59 month-old
child to Health Center
3. BHW retrieves and reviews previous
records
4. BHW updates the child’s monitoring
information
5. BHW interviews the parent/resident
6. BHW measures the child’s weight and
height
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7. BHW computes/assesses the child’s BMI
and nutrition status
8. Determine if parents are able to visit the
Health Center
9. If yes, proceed to step 10
10. If no, BHW conducts house-to-house
visit
11. BHW records results in the 0-59 months
monitoring form
12. End the process.
Challenges in the Existing System
The analysis of the current record-management system identified several challenges affecting RHU operations.
Using a fishbone diagram, the study categorized these challenges into security, people, process, technology,
environment, and management.
Figure 3 Fishbone Diagram
Security-related issues stem from unsecured physical file storage, exposing sensitive health records to
unauthorized access. Human-related challenges include illegible handwriting and inconsistent documentation
formats, leading to misinterpretation of data. Process inefficiencies arise from fragmented workflows and
delayed consolidation of records. Technological limitations such as lack of computers, internet connectivity,
and digital backups prevent real-time updates and increase the risk of data loss. Environmental factors,
including humidity and pests, further threaten the integrity of paper records, while management gaps result in
inconsistent monitoring and absence of standardized data policies.
These findings highlight the urgent need for a centralized and digital record-management system to improve
data security, accuracy, and operational efficiency.
Features of the RHU Bani Talaan System
The RHU Bani Talaan System was developed to address the operational and documentation challenges
identified in the existing manual record-keeping process at the Rural Health Unit of Bani. The system is
composed of several interconnected functional modules, each designed to support a specific task within RHU
operations. These modules work together to ensure accurate data collection, efficient monitoring, and timely
reporting of health information.
The Household Profiling module enables BHWs to electronically record and manage household and family
information within their assigned barangays. This module allows users to create new household records by
entering demographic details such as family members, age, sex, address, and health status. Existing records
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can be updated as changes occur, ensuring data accuracy over time. The system also allows quick searching
and retrieval of household profiles, reducing the time spent locating physical documents.
Figure 4 Household Profiling
The Child Health Monitoring module focuses on tracking the health status of children aged 0–59 months.
BHWs can record growth indicators such as weight, height, and nutritional status during regular health visits.
The module supports longitudinal tracking, allowing users to monitor child development over time and identify
potential health risks early. Digital recording eliminates manual errors and ensures that child health data are
readily available during follow-up consultations.
Figure 5 Child Health Monitoring
The Barangay Management module organizes barangay-level data by maintaining records of barangays,
puroks, and assigned BHWs. This module allows administrators to manage geographic and organizational
information efficiently, ensuring proper assignment of health workers to their respective areas. By structuring
data according to barangays and puroks, the system supports organized reporting and simplifies monitoring of
health activities across different locations.
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Figure 6 Barangay Management
The Screening Management module enables the electronic recording of patient screening information,
including vital signs, initial assessments, and assigned medical personnel. BHWs and RHU staff can encode
screening results directly into the system during patient visits. The module supports doctor assignment and
tracks screening history, ensuring continuity of care. This digital approach minimizes data redundancy and
improves the accuracy of screening records.
Figure 7 Screening Management
The Reports and Analytics module generate real-time summaries and statistical reports based on encoded data.
Users can view, filter, and export reports related to household profiles, child health monitoring, screenings, and
barangay-level activities. This module supports evidence-based decision-making by providing timely and
accurate health information to RHU administrators and local government officials.
Figure 8. Reports and Analytics
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This module manages BHW profiles, including personal information, barangay assignments, and activity
records. Administrators can add, update, or deactivate BHW accounts as needed. The module ensures proper
monitoring of workforce assignments and supports accountability in health service delivery.
Figure 9. Barangay Health Workers Management
The Doctor Management module maintains records of physicians assigned to the RHU. It allows administrators
to manage doctor profiles, schedules, and screening assignments. This module facilitates coordination between
BHWs and medical professionals, ensuring efficient allocation of healthcare services. Figure 10 presents the
Doctor Management interface.
The Event Management module allows RHU personnel to schedule and manage health-related activities such
as immunization drives, medical missions, and community health programs. Events can be recorded, updated,
and monitored within the system, enabling better planning and documentation of public health initiatives.
Figure 11. Event Management
Overall, the integration of these functional modules enables the RHU Bani Talaan System to streamline health
record management, improve coordination among healthcare workers, and enhance the quality of healthcare
services delivered at the community level.
Usability Evaluation of the System
The usability evaluation was conducted using the ISO/IEC 25010 software quality model, covering
functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability. Respondents included RHU
personnel, BHWs, doctors, and patients.
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As shown in Table 4, the system achieved an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.00, interpreted as Very Good.
Users confirmed that the system provides essential features, performs as expected, and improves healthcare
service quality.
Table 4. System Evaluation Functionality
Functionality
Mean
1. The system provides the features I need.
2. The functions of the system work as expected.
3. The system improves health service quality.
4. The information shown is accurate and useful.
4.02
4.04
3.00
4.00
Average Weighted Mean
4.00
Table 5 indicates an AWM of 3.69 (Very Good), suggesting that the system operates consistently, saves data
accurately, and maintains stable performance during peak usage.
Table 5. System Evaluation Reliability
Functionality
Mean
1. The system works without unexpected errors.
2. The system loads properly every time.
3. Data is saved correctly
4. The system performs well even during busy hours.
4.02
4.04
3.00
4.00
Average Weighted Mean
3.69
The usability evaluation Table 6 yielded an AWM of 4.01 (Very Good). Respondents found the system easy to
learn, intuitive to navigate, and suitable for the local healthcare context.
Table 6. System Evaluation Usability
Functionality
Mean
1. The system is easy to learn.
2. The layout is easy to navigate.
3. I can complete tasks without confusion.
4. The system is user-friendly for our locale.
4.16
4.05
3.50
4.34
Average Weighted Mean
4.01
Efficiency results in Table 7 show an AWM of 3.94 (Very Good), demonstrating that the system reduces
paperwork, speeds up task completion, and improves workflow.
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Table 7. System Evaluation Efficiency
Functionality
Mean
1. The system helps in finishing work faster.
2. The system responds quickly.
3. The system reduces paperwork.
4. The system’s performance is smooth.
4.04
3.09
4.08
3.74
Average Weighted Mean
3.94
Table 8 presents an AWM of 3.86 (Very Good), indicating that the system can be easily updated, maintained,
and adapted to evolving RHU requirements.
Table 8. System Evaluation Maintainability
Maintainability
Mean
1. The system is easy to update or improve.
2. Issues can be fixed quickly.
3. The system can adapt to RHU needs.
4. The system is organized and manageable.
3.64
3.38
3.92
4.02
Average Weighted Mean
3.86
Portability scored the highest among the criteria, with an AWM of 4.08 (Very Good) Table 9. The system can
be accessed across devices, browsers, and locations, even with limited internet connectivity
Table 8. System Evaluation Portability
Portability
Mean
1. The system works on my device.
2. The system works across different browsers and
phones.
3. The system can be used in different locations.
4. The system is usable even with limited internet.
4.18
3.96
4.01
4.18
Average Weighted Mean
4.08
The overall evaluation recorded an AWM of 4.75 (Very Good), reflecting high user satisfaction and strong
acceptance of the RHU Bani Talaan System. A summary of all criteria is presented in Table 11, confirming the
system’s effectiveness across all quality attributes
Criteria
AWM
Interpretation
Functionality
Reliability
Usability
Efficiency
Maintainability
4.00
3.69
4.01
3.94
3.86
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
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Portability
4.08
Very Good
Overall
3.93
Very Good
DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS
The results demonstrate that transitioning from a manual to a digital record-management system significantly
improves RHU operations. The RHU Bani Talaan System addresses key challenges identified in the existing
process by enhancing data accessibility, security, accuracy, and efficiency. The high usability ratings indicate
that the system aligns well with user needs and operational workflows.
Overall, the findings confirm that the RHU Bani Talaan System is a viable and effective solution for
modernizing health record management in rural healthcare settings.
CONCLUSION
This study successfully designed and developed the RHU Bani Talaan System as a digital record-keeping
solution for Barangay Health Workers and Rural Health Unit personnel in Bani, Pangasinan. The findings
showed that the existing manual record-management process was time-consuming, prone to errors, and
vulnerable to data loss due to issues such as unreadable handwriting, inconsistent entries, and misplaced
records. These challenges affected the efficiency, accuracy, and timeliness of healthcare service delivery at the
community level. The developed system addressed these limitations by providing a centralized and organized
digital platform for household profiling, child health monitoring, screening records, and report generation.
Through the use of appropriate development tools and methodologies, the system improved data accessibility,
reduced record-retrieval time, and enhanced the accuracy and security of health information. The integration
of key features aligned with the actual workflows of BHWs and RHU staff contributed to a more streamlined
and reliable record-management process. Based on the system evaluation, the RHU Bani Talaan System was
found to be highly acceptable in terms of functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and
portability. These results indicate that the system met user requirements and demonstrated strong potential to
support more efficient healthcare operations. Overall, the study confirmed that the adoption of a localized
digital record-keeping system can significantly improve health information management and strengthen
healthcare service delivery in rural communities.
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