The increasing integration of power electronic devices in electrical power systems has intensified the need for

effective control techniques capable of minimizing transformer transient disturbances in series voltage

compensation applications. This study investigates and compares the performance of Pulse Width Modulation

(PWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) techniques in controlling transformer transients

and improving overall compensation system performance. The analysis focuses on critical parameters such as

transient response characteristics, harmonic distortion, voltage stability, switching efficiency, and power

A detailed simulation model of a transformer-based series voltage compensator is developed using

The outcomes of this work provide a useful reference for the design and optimization of efficient series voltage

Keywords: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM), Transformer

Transients, Series Voltage Compensation, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Power Quality, Voltage Stability,

Voltage sag is one of the most common power quality problems affecting modern electrical power systems and

is responsible for significant equipment malfunction, transformer losses, and reduced system reliability. During

voltage sag conditions, transformers may experience magnetic flux distortion and core saturation, resulting in

improve system performance. While PWM offers simple implementation, SVPWM provides better voltage

Series voltage compensation techniques, particularly Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)-based systems, have

been widely investigated for mitigating voltage sag disturbances and improving power quality. Previous studies

have demonstrated that the effectiveness of DVR systems depends strongly on the detection speed, compensation

Transformer transient behaviour during voltage disturbances has also been studied extensively, with researchers

identifying core saturation and magnetic flux imbalance as major causes of excessive inrush currents during

Although several studies have investigated PWM and SVPWM separately, limited attention has been given to

their comparative influence on transformer transient mitigation during series voltage compensation. Therefore,

this study evaluates both techniques using MATLAB/Simulink simulations under voltage sag and varying load

This research adopted a simulation-based approach to investigate the performance of PWM and SVPWM

techniques in controlling transformer transients during series voltage compensation. The methodology consisted

of system modelling, component selection, simulation, and comparative performance analysis using

MATLAB/Simulink. The developed system included a three-phase programmable AC source, multi-winding

transformer, voltage source inverter (VSI), rectifier units, anti-parallel thyristor-diode switches, capacitor filters,

and series RLC loads. A delta-star transformer rated at 220V/220V was incorporated to improve system

protection and reduce harmonic distortion. A six-IGBT universal bridge inverter with a DC-link capacitor was

The complete simulation model was designed to include both voltage sag compensation and transformer inrush

current mitigation circuits. Voltage and current measurement units were connected throughout the system to

monitor performance parameters. PWM and SVPWM pulse generation techniques were implemented separately

using a discrete synchronous six-pulse generator to control the switching operation of the VSI and compensation

The transient performance of the PWM and SVPWM controlled series voltage compensation system was

evaluated during transformer energization and dynamic load variation conditions. The analysis considered

transformer magnetic flux behaviour, inrush current characteristics, harmonic distortion, and transient recovery

Figure 12 illustrates the transient response comparison between SPWM and SVPWM during transformer

energization and a subsequent dynamic load step applied at (t = 40) ms. During the initial energization period (t

approximately 1.10 Wb, reducing transformer magnetic stress during energization. As a result, the peak inrush

current was reduced to 66.9 A, representing a 25.1% reduction in transient current stress compared with SPWM

Following the application of the dynamic load step at (t = 40) ms, both control strategies successfully tracked

the new operating condition. However, the SPWM response exhibited a higher DC-offset component, larger

current oscillations, and slower attenuation before reaching steady state. The SVPWM-controlled system

The harmonic performance of both modulation strategies was further evaluated and results shown on Figure 11

using Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) analysis. The measured current THD values were 44.74% for SPWM

and 34.01% for SVPWM. The reduction in THD represents approximately a 24% improvement in waveform

The results confirm that both PWM and SVPWM methods can control transformer transients during series

voltage compensation. However, SVPWM provides superior performance through reduced inrush current,

improved harmonic characteristics, lower magnetic flux deviation, and enhanced transient stability. Therefore,

SVPWM is a more effective modulation strategy for advanced power quality improvement and transformer

Therefore, the study concludes that SVPWM provides a more effective control approach for transformer transient

mitigation applications where improved harmonic performance, reduced inrush current, and enhanced dynamic