Design and Development of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) for Store and Warehouse Automation

Abstract—The development of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) has revolutionized material handling in industrial and commercial settings. This project focuses on designing, devel-oping, and testing a prototype AGV for store and warehouse automation. The AGV utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller, infrared (IR) sensors for line-following, and an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection. The vehicle is designed to follow a fixed path marked by a black line on the floor while avoiding obstacles in real-time. Built using cost-effective components, this prototype serves as a scalable and adaptable solution for educational and industrial applications. The system’s performance was validated through a series of controlled tests, demonstrating successful navigation, obstacle avoidance, and payload transport capabil-ities. The project aims to address the limitations of manual material handling, such as inefficiency, safety risks, and high labor costs, offering a reliable and cost-effective alternative for indoor logistics. Future enhancements could include dynamic navigation, wireless communication, and advanced control al-gorithms to further optimize the AGV’s performance in more complex environments.

Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV), ESP32, Line Following, Obstacle Detection, Ultrasonic Sensor, Warehouse Automation, Robotics

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