Moss as Biomonitors of Vehicular Emissions Along Akure-Ilesa and Ife-Ibadan Roads in South Western Nigeria.
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Vehicular emission is one of the major sources of pollution to the roadside vegetation and soil. Degree of pollution by vehicles depends on the traffic congestions on the road. Higher quantity of environmental pollution could pose several hazards to humans, animals and plants. This study investigated the impact of vehicular emission on lower plant (moss) along Akure-Ilesa and Ife-Ibadan roads. The study aims at: quantify the heavy metal (HM) load in the moss and compare the degree of pollution of Akure-Ilesa road with Ife-Ibadan road. Passive and active methods of biomonitoring was carried out using moss as indicator, digestion of the sample was done using aqua-regia method of digestion and the investigated metals: lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed with the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results of these study reveal considerable quantity of the investigated metals present in the indicator material (moss) and it also shows that, Akure-Ilesa road have higher concentration of these metals than Ife-Ibadan road. It can be concluded from these study that vehicular emission contributed to the HM load of roadside lower plants. It is recommended that controlled vehicular emission systems be adopted to reduce emissions and improve fuel efficiency.
Downloads
References
Amusan, A.A., Bada, S.B. and Salami, A.T. (2003). Effect of Traffic Density on Heavy Metal Content of Soil and Vegetation along Roadsides in Osun State, West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 4:6-8.
Arvind, K. and Chandan, B. (2004) . Studies on air pollution due to Automobile exhaust in tribal dominated area of Jharkhand, India . J.Curr Sci. 5(1):307 – 310.
Bryophytes. In: Markert, B.A., Breure, A.M. and Zechmeister, H.G. (eds). Bioindicators and biomonitors. Elsevier, Oxford, 329-375
Chandra, B. and Kumar, A. (2004). Studies on air pollution due to automobile exhaust in tribal dominated area of Jharkhand, India. Journal Curr. Science, 5(1):307–310.
Dolan, L.M.J., Van Bohemen, H., Whelan, P., Akbar, K.F. and Omalley, V. (2006). Towards The Sustainable Development of Modern Road Ecosystem. The Ecology of Transportation: Managing Mobility for the Environment 10: 275-331.
El-Gamal, I.M. (2000). Distribution pattern of some heavy metals in the soil and plants along EL-Moukattam highway, Egypt. ICEHM 518-524.
Farlex Incorporated (2005). Definition: Environment, The Free Dictionary, Falex Inc. Publishing, U.S.A. (www.thefreedictionary.com/)
Gore A (1997). Respect the land, Our Precious Plant, Time Magazine, 150(17A): 8–9.
Hjortenkrans, D.S.T., Bergback, B.G. and Haggerud, A.V. (2007). “Metal Emissions from Brake Linings and Tires: Case Studies of Stockholm, Sweden 1995/1998 and 2005, Environmental Science and Technology, 41(15) : 5224 – 5230.
Ibrahim, B.G. (2009). Strategic approach to reducing vehicle emissions in Nigeria, role of fleet operators, Safety managers training programme, FRSC academy, Jos.
Imray, P. and Langley, A. (2001). Health-based soil investigation levels. Paragon Printers, fyshwick, Australia. Pp. 3-25.
Jones, L.H.P. and Jarvis, S.C. (1981). “The fate of heavy metals,” in The Chemistry of Soil Processes, Green, D.J. and Hayes, M.H.B. Eds., p.593, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA.
Kabata-pendias, A. and Pendias, H. (1994). Trace element in soil and plants. Second edition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC. pp 365.
Lenntech Water Treatment and Air Purification, (2004). Water Treatment. Lenntech Publishers, Rotterdamseweg, Netherland.
Markert, B.; Oehlmann, J. and Roth, M. (1997). General Aspects of Heavy Metal Monitoring by Plants and Animals, In: Environmental biomonitoring - exposure, assessment and specimen banking, K.S. Subramanian and G.V. Iyengar (Eds.), ACS Symposium Series, American Chemical Society. 654: 19-29
McLaughlin, M.J., Parker, D.R. and Clarke, J.M. (2000). Metals and micronutrients – food safety issues. Field Crops Research. 60(1–2):143–163.
Mulgrew, A. and Williams, P. (2000). Biomonitoring of air quality using plants, WHO Collaborating Centre for Air Quality Management and Air Pollution Control. (WHO CC) ISSN 0938-9822, Berlin
Onianwa, P.C. (2000). Monitoring atmospheric metal pollution: A review of the use of mosses as indicators. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 71(1):13–50, ISSN 0167-6369
Raven, J.A., Griffiths, H., Smith, E.C. and Vaughn, K.C. (1998). New perspectives in the biophysics and physiology of bryophytes. In: Bates, J.W., Asthon, N.W. and Duckett, J.G. (eds). Bryology in the twenty-first century. Maney publishing and the British Bryological Society, UK. Pp 261-275.
Rühling, Å. and Tyler, G. (1968) An Ecological Approach to the Lead Problem. Botaniska Notiser, 121, 321-342.
USEPA (1996). A citizens guide to bioremediation – technology fact sheet. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. EPA 542-F-96-007.
Zanders, J., Edwards, J., Tillman, R., Gregg, P., Hedley, M.J., Mackay, A. and Lee, J. (1999). The accumulation and leaching of fertilizer-derived cadmium in a New Zealand Podzol Soil. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements. Vol. 1 (W.W. Wendel, D.C. Adriano, B. Alloway, H.E. Doner, C. Keller, N.W. Lepp, M. Mench, R. Naidu and G.M. Pierzynski Eds), Vienna, Austria pp. 424-425.
Zechmeister, H.G., and Hohenwallner, D. (2006). A comparison of biomonitoring methods for the estimation of atmospheric pollutants in an industrial town in Austria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 117(1-3): 245–259, ISSN 0167-6369
Zechmeister, H.G., Grodzińska, K. and Szarek-Łukaszewska, G. (2003a). Bryophytes. In: Markert, B.A., Breure, A.M. and Zechmeister, H.G. (eds). Bioindicators and biomonitors. Elsevier, Oxford, 329-375
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in our journal are licensed under CC-BY 4.0, which permits authors to retain copyright of their work. This license allows for unrestricted use, sharing, and reproduction of the articles, provided that proper credit is given to the original authors and the source.