Landbank Electronic Modified Disbursement System: Status, Challenges, And Opportunities for Enhancement

Article Sidebar

Main Article Content

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Merryrose Red Palma
College of Business and Accountancy, Marinduque State University
King Peter P. Palustre
College of Business and Accountancy, Marinduque State University
Franz Dae Nicole Espayos
College of Business and Accountancy, Marinduque State University
Published: Jan 7, 2026

This study examined the adoption, performance, challenges, and enhancement opportunities of the LANDBANK Electronic Modified Disbursement System (eMDS) at the Boac Branch in Marinduque, Philippines. Using a mixed-method design, survey data were collected from 26 eMDS users (clients and employees) and complemented by qualitative feedback. Results indicate a very high level of system adoption and satisfaction (composite mean = 3.87, Strongly Agree), with users rating eMDS as efficient, secure, and preferable to manual disbursement processes. Key challenges identified include transaction delays during peak usage (WM = 2.69) and system lag under limited internet connectivity (WM = 2.73), despite generally strong perceptions of system stability. Users also reported high confidence in security features (composite mean = 3.85) and workflow efficiency (composite mean = 3.69). The findings underscore the importance of optimizing transaction speed, improving low-bandwidth performance, and strengthening embedded user support tools. Anchored on the Sustainable Development Goals, the study highlights how eMDS contributes to SDGs 8, 9, 10, and 16 by enhancing efficiency, inclusivity, and transparency in public financial management.
Landbank Electronic Modified Disbursement System: Status, Challenges, And Opportunities for Enhancement. (2026). International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science, 14(12), 954-967. https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2025.1412000085

Downloads

References

Adnan, M., Biran, B. N., Baburajan, V., Basak, K., & Ben-Akiva, M. (2020). Examining impacts of time-based pricing strategies in public transportation: A study of Singapore. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 141, 356–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.08.004

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. (2023). Digital payments transformation roadmap 2020–2023. https://www.bsp.gov.ph

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. (2025). Annual financial inclusion report. https://www.bsp.gov.ph

Cervero, R. (2011). Transport infrastructure and global competitiveness: Balancing mobility and livability. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 626(1), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716209344171

Cox, W., & Love, J. (2018). Affordability of urban transportation systems. Demographia.

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

Depusoy, L. A., & Nartea, G. V. (2020). Digital banking adoption in the Philippines: Determinants and challenges. Philippine Management Review, 27(1), 1–16.

Dimalanta, M. J. (2020). Gendered mobility and transport access in Philippine urban communities. Philippine Journal of Social Development, 12(1), 45–61.

Ding, X., Hong, C., Wu, J., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Time-based fare discount strategies for reducing peak congestion in urban rail transit. Urban Rail Transit, 9(3), 352–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40864-023-00203-3

Ek, K., Wårell, L., & Andersson, L. (2021). Motives for walking and cycling when commuting: Differences in local context and attitudes. European Transport Research Review, 13, Article 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-021-00502-5

Gakenheimer, R. (2015). Land use and transport in rapidly motorizing cities. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 8(3), 7–24.

Garcia, F. A., & Lao, A. R. (2021). Income vulnerability and commuting behavior among low-income workers. Asian Transport Studies, 7, 100043.

Gerike, R., de Nazelle, A., Wittwer, R., & Parkin, J. (2019). Walking and cycling for better transport, health and the environment. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 123, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.02.010

Gigante, R. M., & Martin, S. R. (2022). Digital banking transformation and customer experience in Philippine banks. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 14(3), 312–329.

Ghimire, S., & Bardaka, E. (2024). Do low-income households walk and cycle to reduce transport costs? International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 18(5), 421–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2024.2338724

Hidalgo, D., & Tan, C. (2014). Transport challenges in emerging economies. Transport Reviews, 34(5), 659–684.

Iddrisu, A. A. (2024). Income instability and household vulnerability in developing economies. Journal of Development Studies, 60(2), 315–331.

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.

Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating transportation equity. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. https://www.vtpi.org

Litman, T. (2025). Transport affordability and social equity. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.

Manzano, R. S., Del Rosario, A. D., & Santiago, P. C. (2023). Financial vulnerability and saving behavior of low-income households. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 57(2), 489–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12513

Mendoza, R. U., Yap, D. B., & Lopez, A. C. (2020). Barriers to digital banking adoption in rural Philippines. Journal of Asian Economics, 69, 101211.

Moniruzzaman, M. (2022). Transport affordability and mobility decisions in low-income populations. Transport Policy, 118, 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.01.006

Mountain, G. (1995). Financial stress as a dynamic process. Journal of Economic Psychology, 16(4), 541–563.

Move As One Coalition. (2022). Transport budget inputs for inclusive mobility. https://www.moveasone.ph

Pineda, M. (2019). Student commuters’ perceived level of stress. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 39(3), 389–403.

Redman, L., Friman, M., Gärling, T., & Hartig, T. (2013). Quality attributes of public transport that attract car users. Transport Policy, 25, 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.11.005

Reyes, J. A., Cruz, L. M., & Villanueva, P. R. (2023). Gender, safety, and commuting decisions in Philippine cities. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 16(1), 88–104.

Rivera, J. P. (2023). Coping strategies of financially stressed commuters in Southeast Asia. Sustainability, 15(6), Article 5124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065124

Rozynek, C., Schwerdtfeger, S., & Lanzendorf, M. (2022). The influence of limited financial resources on daily travel practices. Journal of Transport Geography, 100, 103329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103329

Santos, A. C., Garcia, F. A., & Simões, J. M. (2022). Age, income, and travel behavior in low-income contexts. Transport Reviews, 42(4), 512–530.

Shrestha, B., & Joshi, R. (2019). Household size and travel behavior in developing countries. Transport and Society, 11(2), 75–91.

Thommen, C., & Hintermann, B. (2023). Managing demand through off-peak pricing: Evidence from field experiments. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 171, 103691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103691

United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org

World Bank. (2024). Philippines country overview. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines

Węziak-Białowolska, D., & Białowolski, P. (2020). Unexpected expenses and financial vulnerability. Social Indicators Research, 151(2), 537–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02353-4

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

All articles published in our journal are licensed under CC-BY 4.0, which permits authors to retain copyright of their work. This license allows for unrestricted use, sharing, and reproduction of the articles, provided that proper credit is given to the original authors and the source.

Article Details

How to Cite

Landbank Electronic Modified Disbursement System: Status, Challenges, And Opportunities for Enhancement. (2026). International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science, 14(12), 954-967. https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2025.1412000085