Electricity Generation from Solar Energy: A Contemporary Study Integrating Physical Applications and Islamic Sharia Guidelines

Maintaining the natural environment and striking a balance when using its resources is one of the main goals of Islamic law. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been a leader in the search for alternative energy sources in order to meet life's demands and attain economic progress. It is working hard to generate renewable energy, the majority of which is derived from solar radiation. The Almighty God spoke the truth when He declared: "And He has subjected to you the night and the day and the sun and the moon, and the stars are subjected by His command. Surely , in this are proofs for a people who understand." (An-Nahl, ( 12)) . Allah has created the sun obedient to humans, and people have realized this and sought to take use of it. It is an amazing energy source whose significance stems from its enormous potential, which may be applied wherever. When utilized in numerous fields, it is regarded as clean energy since it is a free and limitless fuel supply. As a result, it need to be researched and used since it is a valid goal, particularly given the limited supply of conventional energy sources. To participate The Kingdom has prioritized investing in the field of solar energy for electricity production, working to reduce gas emissions, and paying attention to developing renewable energy sources, the most important of which is solar energy, which is something that Sharia calls for and urges, in order to achieve the goals of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 in diversifying the economy and transforming the Kingdom from an advanced oil-exporting country to an exporter of sustainable energy. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is blessed by God with an abundance of solar radiation in the Arab world. The intensity of solar radiation in the Arab region reaches 1000 watts/square meter at midday and an average of 250 to 300 watts/square meter per day, which is equivalent to 6 kilowatt-hours/square meter per day. Additionally, the Kingdom receives approximately 2200 kilowatts of photovoltaic energy annually. The King Abdullah University of Science and Technology's solar power generation project, the solar village project, the National Initiative for the Production of Water and Electricity Using Solar Energy under the auspices of King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, and other initiatives have been proposed by the government to capitalize on this. We must overcome some obstacles in order for the Kingdom to profit from solar energy. In addition to encouraging research in solar energy and scientific exchange with other nations, the government has offered material and spiritual support. As we shall discuss the function of solar energy in sustainable development, its significance and components, and how to take advantage of it as a clean energy source, the significance of this research is clear. The benefits of employing solar cells as a source of energy will also be discussed, along with how photovoltaic cells can be used to generate power. All of this will be connected to the specific scientific miracles stated in the Holy Quran and the Prophetic Sunnah, which demand advancement and modernization. In order to promote and realize Vision 2030, which the beloved Kingdom has called for, this research closes by showcasing advancements in solar energy technologies and applications.

Solar energy - Applications - Challenges - Islamic law - Initiatives - Photocells – Electrical energy

1. https://dn790006.ca.archive.org/0/items/UploadWay2sona_20161017/The%20Holy%20Quran%20Translation%20By%20Hilali%20and%20Khan.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Abu Ayyash, Dr. Abdul-Ilah, "Prospects for Industrial Development in the Arab Gulf States," Publications of the Journal of Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies, Kuwait University, Kuwait, 1979, p. 77. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Qubaisi, Dr. Hafez, "Solar Energy," Arab Development Institute, Beirut, Lebanon, 1978, pp. 19-51. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Al-Amin, Dr. Nizar, "Local Energy Policies in the Arab World," First Arab Energy Conference, March 4-8, 1979, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Oil and Alternative Energy Sources, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), April 1977, p. 76. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Osama Ibrahim Al-Zalouk, "Solar Energy," research published on the website of the Madinah Center for Engineering Sciences. - Hassan Al-Banna Saad Fath, Solar Energy: A Promising Alternative, Faqih Journal for Research and Development, Issue 4, December 2008 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Mohamed Nabil Metwally and Abdel Majeed S. Alghamdi," Prospective Contribution of Solar Energy in Thermal and Electrical Applications in Umm Alqura University at Makkah , Saudi Arabia. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. S.A.M.said , I.M.EL‐Amin and A.M.ALShehri, Renewable Energy Potentials in Saudi Arabia [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. M. Boxwell, “Solar Electricity Handbook”, Internet Link, 2017 Edition (Accessed on Dec 27, 2017) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. S. Ashok, "Solar energy"، www.britannica.com, Retrieved 28-5-2019. Edited. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. "Solar Radiation Basics", www.energy.gov,21-8-2013، Retrieved 27-5-2019. Edited [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Advantages and 5 Disadvantages of Solar Energy", www.greenmatch.co.uk,29-4-2019، Retrieved 28-5-2019. Edited. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Sakaka Solar Project - The First Utility-scale Solar Farm in Saudi Arabia". [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. https://www.argaam.com › article › articledetail [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. The Collection of Rivers, by Abdullah Muhammad bin Sulaiman, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1425 AH. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. The introductory preliminaries to explain what the code’s regulations require of legal rulings and conclusive findings on its most important and problematic issues, by Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Rushd al-Qurtubi, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut, Lebanon, first edition 1423 AH. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Al-Hawi Al-Kabir by Imam Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad bin Habib Al-Mawardi, Commercial Library, Beirut, Lebanon, 1414 AH. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Howell, E. (2017, April 25). Photoelectric effect: Explanation & applications. LiveScience. Retrieved December 27, 2021, from https://www.livescience.com/58816-photoelectric-effect.html. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Gagnon, Y., Maharaj, A., & Sutton, S. (n.d.). Applications of the Photoelectric Effect. Photoelectric Effect. Retrieved December 27, 2021, from [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/physics/high_schools/2005/Photoelectric_effect/applications.html. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Solar Energy Technologies Office. (2019, December 3). PV cells 101: A Primer on the Solar Photovoltaic Cell. Energy.gov. Retrieved December 31, 2021, from https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/articles/pv-cells-101-primer-solar-photovoltaic-cell. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Advameg, Inc. (n.d.). Photoelectric effect. Science Clarified. Retrieved January 1, 2022, from http://www.scienceclarified.com/Oi-Ph/Photoelectric-Effect.html. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Scientist, G. (2021, November 2). Important applications of photoelectric effect. GK SCIENTIST. Retrieved January 1, 2022, from https://gkscientist.com/applications-of-photoelectric-effect/. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Lynch, K. M., Marchuk, N., & Elwin, M. L. (2016). Embedded computing and mechatronics with the PIC32 microcontroller. Newnes. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Ada, L. (2012, July 29). Photocells. Adafruit Learning System. Retrieved January 1, 2022, from https://learn.adafruit.com/photocells. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Bell, G. R., & Ramachers, Y. A. (2017). Photoelectric Solar Power Revisited. Joule, 1(4), 639–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.11.007. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Knier, G. (2008, August 6). How do photovoltaics work? NASA Science. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/solarcells. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Wikipedia. (2021, October 21). List of solar-powered products. Wikipedia. Retrieved December 31, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Wikipedia. (2021, January 27). Solar Charger. Wikipedia. Retrieved December 31, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_charger. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Hyder, Z. (2019, April 23). What is a solar farm? costs, Land Needs & more. Solar Reviews. Retrieved December 31, 2021, from https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/what-is-a-solar-farm-do-i-need-one. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. http://kuwait‐solar.blogspot.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Research Study Reveals the Viability of Residential Solar Energy in the Kingdom and the Best Cities for Investment” published in the journal Utilities Policy, conducted by Dr. Khalid Mohammed Al-Mohamadi April-2025 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Hakim Laid Mouloud Benhaceneand Asaad Mubarak Hussien” The Impact of Adopting Renewable Energy Resources on Sustainable Development in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative View . Sustainability2025, 17(2), 768;https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020768. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Soufiane Omrani, University of Algiers, Algeria, "The Reality and Future of Renewable Energies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Light of Vision 2030," Journal of Legal and Economic Studies, 2023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Students' Perception Towards Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education in India
• Strategic Leadership and Cybersecurity Readiness in Digitally Transforming Organisations
• Spatial Distribution of Tourism Infrastructure in Awka, Onitsha and Nnewi Urban Areas of Anambra State.
• Emerging Technologies, Education and Skill Development for A Sustainable Blue Economy in Nigeria.
• Quantum Dot–Based Solar Cells: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Prospects