Cat Swarm Optimization-Based Optimal Placement Of FACTS (UPFC) For Voltage Stability Improvement In Power
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
The present paper suggests a Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO)-based model of optimal placement and parameter adjustment of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to improve voltage stability in power systems under normal operating conditions as well as N-1 contingency operating conditions. The most flexible combined series-shunt FACTS controller, the UPFC, controls the magnitude of voltage, the line impedance and the phase angle simultaneously by coordinated series voltage injection and shunt reactive power compensation. The L-index of the partitioned bus admittance matrix is used to measure the voltage stability, and the worst-case contingency value L worst is used as the optimization fitness function. The CSO algorithm, which works based on dual seeking and tracing the behavioral modes, reduces L worst to UPFC placement and parameter constraints without the need to have the gradient information. The model has been confirmed in the IEEE 14-bus and in the IEEE 30-bus benchmark systems that are simulated in MATLAB/MATPOWER. Findings indicate that UPFC integration reduced the L-index by 0.26% in the IEEE 14-bus and 0.54% in the IEEE 30-bus system at normal and then CSO-optimized UPFC location leads to 4.28% reduction in the worst-case L-index at N-1 contingency on the IEEE 14-bus system and 24.85% on the IEEE 30-bus system. Optimization increased voltage profiles on all buses to the nominal 1.0 p.u. These results support the claim that the proposed CSO-UPFC framework is a computationally efficient and practically viable approach towards enhancing voltage security of the power system both when it is operating in normal conditions and when it is subjected to disturbances.
Downloads
References
P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on Stability Terms and Definitions, "Definition and classification of power system stability," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1387–1401, May 2004.
C. W. Taylor, Power System Voltage Stability. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
P. W. Sauer and M. A. Pai, Power System Dynamics and Stability. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, 1998.
N. G. Hingorani, "Flexible AC transmission systems," IEEE Spectrum, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 40–45, Apr. 1993.
L. Gyugyi, "Unified power-flow control concept for flexible AC transmission systems," IEE Proceedings C - Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 323–331, Jul. 1992.
Y. H. Song and A. T. Johns, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). London, U.K.: IEE Press, 1999.
X.-P. Zhang, C. Rehtanz, and B. Pal, Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Modelling and Control. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2006.
N. G. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. New York, NY, USA: IEEE Press, 2000.
S. C. Chu, P. W. Tsai, and J. S. Pan, "Cat swarm optimization," in Proc. Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI), Guilin, China, Aug. 2006, pp. 854–858.
S.-C. Chu and P.-W. Tsai, "Computational intelligence based on the behavior of cats," International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 163–173, Feb. 2007.
A. M. Ahmed, T. A. Rashid, and S. A. M. Saeed, "Cat swarm optimization algorithm: A survey and performance evaluation," Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, vol. 2020, Art. no. 4854895, pp. 1–20, 2020.
G. N. Kumar and M. S. Kalavathi, "Cat swarm optimization for optimal placement of multiple UPFCs in voltage stability enhancement under contingency," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 57, pp. 97–104, 2014.
M. A. Abido, "Optimal power flow using particle swarm optimization," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 563–571, Oct. 2002.
R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sánchez, and R. J. Thomas, "MATPOWER: Steady-state operations, planning, and analysis tools for power systems research and education," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 12–19, Feb. 2011.
T. Van Cutsem and C. Vournas, Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems. Boston, MA, USA: Springer, 1998.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in our journal are licensed under CC-BY 4.0, which permits authors to retain copyright of their work. This license allows for unrestricted use, sharing, and reproduction of the articles, provided that proper credit is given to the original authors and the source.