Design and Optimization of a Solar Power System for Reliable Electricity Supply in Nigeria: A Review Based on Ascenterra Homes Limited, Abuja, Nigeria (2025)

Reliable electricity remains a major challenge in Nigeria, where frequent power outages disrupt homes, businesses, and institutions, leading to increased reliance on diesel generators that are costly and environmentally damaging. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems provide a promising renewable energy solution due to Nigeria’s abundant solar resources, offering cleaner, quieter, and more cost-effective alternatives to conventional power supply. This review paper examines the design and optimization of solar PV systems with a focus on practical applications in Nigerian residential and commercial settings, using Ascenterra Homes Limited in Abuja as a case study. The study reviews essential components of solar PV systems, including solar panels, inverters, battery storage, and system integration, while highlighting strategies for optimization to meet specific energy demands efficiently. It discusses simulation and sizing techniques, such as HOMER and PVSyst, that help reduce energy costs and ensure reliability, taking into account local climate conditions and seasonal solar variations. Findings from recent literature shows that optimized solar PV systems can significantly reduce electricity outages, lower operating costs, and contribute to environmental sustainability. However, challenges such as high initial investment, lack of technical expertise, and policy gaps remain. The paper concludes that solar energy, when properly designed and optimized, offers a sustainable solution for reliable electricity supply and cost reduction in Nigerian homes and commercial complexes, and recommends supportive policies, energy audits, and professional capacity building to encourage wider adoption.