Design for Assessing the Quality of Internet-Based Governance of Cooperative Legal Entities
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Corporate governance is a crucial factor in preventing corruption while simultaneously enhancing organisational performance and sustainability. In the context of cooperatives as member-based economic entities, implementing good governance continues to encounter various challenges, particularly those related to the limitations of measurement models that are both comprehensive and adaptable to the development of digital technology. This study aims to identify and design a more comprehensive internet-based cooperative governance quality measurement model by employing a qualitative approach through documentation techniques, unstructured interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) involving stakeholders such as regulators, cooperative practitioners, and academics. The findings indicate that existing governance measurement models have not yet fully accommodated the complexity of cooperative characteristics and the demands of digitalisation. Consequently, this study develops a new model by integrating five principal aspects, namely stakeholders, transparency, responsibility, accountability, and technical accessibility, which are further elaborated into 167 indicators. The novelty of this research lies in the utilisation of the internet as a governance measurement medium, as well as the incorporation of stakeholder and technical accessibility dimensions as the main components of governance evaluation. The resulting model is expected to serve as a more systematic, adaptive, and relevant instrument for assessing the quality of cooperative governance, while simultaneously supporting greater transparency, accountability, and public trust. Nevertheless, this study still has limitations regarding the number of informants and the absence of extensive empirical testing; therefore, future research is recommended to examine the validity and implementation of the model across various cooperative contexts in Indonesia.
Downloads
References
Agustina, D., Adam, M., & Andriana, I. (2022). Implementation of good corporate governance in cooperatives in Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal).
Arda, D. P., Murwaningsari, E., & Juniati Gunawan. (2021). Development Of Quality Measurement Of Cooperative Governance Implementation. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 2(5), 1625–1634. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i5.291
Apristiana, A. A., & Utomo, D. C. (2024). Corporate governance and fraud: A systematic review. Owner: Riset dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i2.2643
Awa, H. O., Etim, W., & Ogbonda, E. (2024). Stakeholders, stakeholder theory and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 9(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-024-00094-y
Babiak, K., & Kihl, L. A. (2018). A Case Study of Stakeholder Dialogue in Professional Sport: An Example of CSR Engagement. Business and Society Review, 123(1), 119-149. https://doi.org/10.1111/basr.12137
Błach, J., Gorzeń-Mitka, I., & Lipowicz, M. (2025). Scientific mapping of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) research from the perspective of stakeholders: A content analysis study. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 21(4), 76-102. https://doi.org/10.7341/20252144
Bridoux, F., & Stoelhorst, J. W. (2022). Stakeholder theory, strategy, and organization: Past, present, and future. Strategic Organization, 20(4), 797–809. https://doi.org/10.1177/14761270221127628
Carrillo, M. I. A., De La Cruz, A. M. P., & Chicharro, M. N. (2019). The impact of corporate governance on corruption disclosure in European Listed Firms through the implementation of directive 2014/95/EU. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(22), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su11226479
Grzybkowski, M., & Wojcik, D. (2011). Internet and Corporate Governance. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.914520
Hartono, U., & Musdholifah, M. (2018). Developing Corporate Governance Quality Measurement and its Impact on Firm Value . Handbook on Economics , Finance and Management Outlook by Musdholif ah Musdholif ah, 3.
Hartono, U., & Musdholifah, M. (2021). Corporate Governance Quality Assessment Based on Internet: Study of state-owned enterprises and regional owned enterprises in Indonesia. 1st International Conference on Economics, Business, Entrepreneurship, and Finance (ICEBEF 2018), 65(Icebef 2018), 280–286. https://doi.org/10.2991/ icebef-18.2019.63
International Finance Corporation & Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2018). Indonesia corporate governance manual (2nd ed.).
Jamaluddin, F., Saleh, N. M., Abdullah, A., Hassan, M. S., Hamzah, N., Jaffar, R., Aziz, S. A. A. G., & Embong, Z. (2023). Cooperative governance and cooperative performance: A systematic literature review. SAGE Open, 13(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231192944
Kholmi, M. (2020). Good governance principles analysis of the village business are reviewed from transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness. In Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (Vol. 477, pp. 1–6). Atlantis Press.
Mahajan, R., Lim, W. M., Sareen, M., Kumar, S., & Panwar, R. (2023). Stakeholder theory. Journal of Business Research, 166, 114104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114104
Mayasari, D., & Lokantara, I. G. W. (2025). Modern cooperative governance in Indonesia: Policy insights from Koperasi Usaha Mandiri, Belitung. Journal of Tourism Economics and Policy, 5(2), 298–308.
Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Edisi Revisi). Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
OECD. (2023). G20/OECD principles of corporate governance 2023. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ed750b30-en
Prasad, R. K. (2021). Principles of cooperative business: Sustainability through good governance. Wutan Huatan Jisuan Jishu, (ISSN 1001-1749).
Rizqi, A., Nova, M., Nurdin, N. P., & Kurniawan, A. (2024). Koperasi multipihak model koperasi modern dengan konsep ekonomi kolaboratif. Neraca: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 3(2), 864–873.
Setyorini, C. T., Maghfiroh, S., Firmansyah, I., Artati, D., & Yuniarto, A. S. (2023). Unveiling the global corporate governance landscape in family firms: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis. European Journal of Family Business, 13(2), 234–254. https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfb.13.2.2023.16498
Schlenker, L. R., Moreira, V. R., & Silva, F. F. (2026). The environmental, social, and governance approach in cooperatives: A systematic literature review. SAGE Open, 16(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251406278
Scmitter, P. C., Guilhot, N., & Imco, B. (2019). Defining, Explaining, and Using the Concept of Governance. 1–56.
Signori, S., & Fassin, Y. (2023). Family members’ salience in family business: An identity-based stakeholder approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 183(1), 191-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04998-8
Solihin, S. A. (2023). Peran koperasi bagi anggota dan harapan anggota terhadap koperasi. Eco-Iqtishodi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah, 4(2), 129.
Sonjaya, Y. (2024). The influence of corporate culture on audit practices and ethics. Golden Ratio of Auditing Research, 4(2), 107-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.52970/grar.v4i2.394
Sukardi, D., Hafizd, J. Z., Muamar, A., Hamamah, F., Royani, E., & Sobirov, B. (2024). Digital transformation of cooperative legal entities in Indonesia. Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 24(2), 68–86.
Suwandi. (2024). Trend analysis of the development of Indonesian cooperatives (Empirical study for the period 2012-2021). International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), VIII(I), 1171–1177. https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.801086
Tumewu, J., Ardini, L., & Rachmawati, R. (2024). Corporate governance and internet financial reporting: Evidence from public companies in Indonesia. International Journal of Industrial Engineering, Technology & Operations Management, 2(1), 12–18.
Ulum, I., & Ahmad, N. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Akuntansi: Teori dan Aplikasi. Malang: Aditya Media Publishing.
Valentinov, E., & Chia, R. (2022). Stakeholder theory: A process-ontological perspective. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 31, 762–776. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12441
Velte, P. (2023). The link between corporate governance and corporate financial misconduct: A review of archival studies and implications for future research. Management Review Quarterly, 73, 353–411
Wahyuni, S., & Hayati, N. (2022). Analisis good corporate governance, pengendalian internal, dan whistleblowing system dan fraud. Journal of Business & Banking, 12(1), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.14414/jbb.v12i1.3260
Wuryani, E., & Yanthi, M. D. (2020). Determining Factors of Corporate Governance in Women Corporative of East Java Indonesia. AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi, 11(2), 136. https://doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v11n2.p136-148
Regulations and Laws Applied:
Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation No. 13 of 2015 concerning Accounting Guidelines for Savings and Loan Businesses by Cooperatives
Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation No. 17 of 2015 concerning Cooperative Supervision
Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation No. 19 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Cooperative Members’ Meetings
Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation No. 20 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Cooperative Accountability
Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation No. 21 of 2015 concerning Cooperative Rating Systems
Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation No. 9 of 2018 concerning the Implementation and Development of Cooperatives
Deputy Regulation No. 4 of 2018 concerning Criteria and Indicators for Cooperative Rating Assessments
Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation No. 9 of 2020 concerning Cooperative Supervision
Technical Guidelines of the Deputy for Cooperatives No. 15 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for Cooperative Health Examination Working Papers (KKPKK)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in our journal are licensed under CC-BY 4.0, which permits authors to retain copyright of their work. This license allows for unrestricted use, sharing, and reproduction of the articles, provided that proper credit is given to the original authors and the source.