Synergistic Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cardamom and Cinnamon Extracts: Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation

Abstract: This study demonstrates an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) and Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon). These extracts act synergistically as reducing and stabilizing agents. UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and zeta potential measurements were used for characterization. A UV–Vis absorption peak at ~420 nm confirmed nanoparticle formation. Electron microscopy revealed spherical nanoparticles of 15–30 nm size. The AgNPs showed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. This green method holds promise for biomedical applications.

Green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, Cardamom, Cinnamon, Antimicrobial activity, Phytochemicals

1. Khan, A. U., et al. (2021). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts: A review on current trends and future perspectives. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 14(3), 239–256. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Sardar, R., et al. (2023). Phyto-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aromatic spices: A sustainable route and biological evaluation. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 13, 147–158. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Lakshmeesha, T. R., et al. (2022). Biosynthesis of AgNPs using Elettaria cardamomum and their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Materials Today: Proceedings, 61, 1395–1401. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Bhuyan, T., et al. (2021). Cinnamon bark extract-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Applied Nanoscience, 11, 2225–2236. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Zahin, N., et al. (2020). Green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles using Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(7), 2001 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. 6.*“Azizi et al. (2024) demonstrated that a blend of three plant extracts yields ~10–20 nm AgNPs with pronounced antibacterial efficacy (23 mm against S. aureus) bmcbiotechnol.biomedcentral.com, supporting the concept that multi-phytochemical synergy enhances nanoparticle bioactivity—a central premise of our dual-extract method.”* [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. 7.*“Mehrotra et al. (2024) reported ~5 nm ginger-derived AgNPs with robust antioxidant and anticancer properties arxiv.org+15mdpi.com+15pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+15, illustrating that plant-mediated nanoparticles can serve multifunctional therapeutic roles—an outcome we further improved by combining cardamom and cinnamon extracts.”* [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. 8.*“Similarly, Ajaykumar et al. (2023) found Uvaria narum–derived AgNPs exhibited antibacterial, antiangiogenic, and anticancer effects mdpi.com+1pubs.rsc.org+1, corroborating that diverse phytochemical profiles can yield clinically relevant AgNPs.”* [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Most Advanced Construction Material for Typical Boilers
• Nutrigenetic Impact of PEMT Gene Polymorphism Rs7946 On Choline Metabolism and Its Role in Personalised Nutrition
• Evaluating the Influence Factors of Media on Investor Sentiment Towards Stock Market Investments.
• To Compare the Effectiveness of Manual Traction and Mechanical Traction in Patient with Cervicogenic Headache
• Is Green Human Resource Management the Newest Trend or A Strategic Necessity?