Synergistic Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cardamom and Cinnamon Extracts: Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation
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Abstract: This study demonstrates an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) and Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon). These extracts act synergistically as reducing and stabilizing agents. UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and zeta potential measurements were used for characterization. A UV–Vis absorption peak at ~420 nm confirmed nanoparticle formation. Electron microscopy revealed spherical nanoparticles of 15–30 nm size. The AgNPs showed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. This green method holds promise for biomedical applications.
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6.*“Azizi et al. (2024) demonstrated that a blend of three plant extracts yields ~10–20 nm AgNPs with pronounced antibacterial efficacy (23 mm against S. aureus) bmcbiotechnol.biomedcentral.com, supporting the concept that multi-phytochemical synergy enhances nanoparticle bioactivity—a central premise of our dual-extract method.”*
7.*“Mehrotra et al. (2024) reported ~5 nm ginger-derived AgNPs with robust antioxidant and anticancer properties arxiv.org+15mdpi.com+15pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+15, illustrating that plant-mediated nanoparticles can serve multifunctional therapeutic roles—an outcome we further improved by combining cardamom and cinnamon extracts.”*
8.*“Similarly, Ajaykumar et al. (2023) found Uvaria narum–derived AgNPs exhibited antibacterial, antiangiogenic, and anticancer effects mdpi.com+1pubs.rsc.org+1, corroborating that diverse phytochemical profiles can yield clinically relevant AgNPs.”*
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