Development and In-Vitro SPF Evaluation of Marine-Derived Lip Balm Formulation: An Approach Using Red Algae Extract for Enhanced UV Protection

Lips are highly susceptible to environmental stress and ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to dryness, pigmentation, and long-term health complications. Conventional lip care products commonly contain synthetic sunscreens and colorants; however, these ingredients may cause irritation, accelerate skin aging, trigger allergic reactions, and some have raised environmental concerns. The growing demand for safe, natural, and eco-friendly alternatives has encouraged the development of natural formulations that combine nourishment, protection, and cosmetic appeal. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of natural SPF lip balm designed to provide multifunctional benefits. Cocoa butter was selected as the primary emollient base due to its soothing and moisturizing properties, while beeswax was incorporated to provide stiffness and structural stability. Coconut oil contributed hydration, and almond oil enhanced nourishment and softness. Zinc oxide, carrot seed oil and red algae extract (a source of marine-derived mycosporine-like amino acids) were included for UV protection and as antioxidants to minimize free radical formation. Beetroot extract imparted a natural rosy tint, vitamin E functioned as an antioxidant and formulation stabilizer, and vanilla flavour was added to improve flavour and fragrance. The prepared natural SPF lip balm was evaluated for physicochemical and organoleptic parameters including (texture, pH, melting point, colour, odour), thin-layer chromatography, and in-vitro SPF by UV spectrophotometry. The in-vitro SPF of the final formulation was 7. The formulation aims to provide hydration, nourishment, and natural coloration along with UV protection, evaluated in vitro in the UVB range (290–320 nm). By integrating marine-derived UV filters with antioxidant-rich oils and natural colorants, this formulation suggests the potential of natural-ingredient-based lip care as an alternative to synthetic formulations; further safety, stability and sustainability studies are required. This research highlights the importance of combining cosmetic attractiveness with functional protection.

Lip balm, Ultraviolet radiation (UVA/UVB), Sun induced lip damage, Marine derived sun protectant, Mycosporine-like amino acid, Natural SPF balm

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