The Geology, Hydrogeology and Water Resources Properties of Uke and its Environs of Idemili Area of Southeastern Nigeria

This study investigates the geological and hydrogeological characteristics of Uke and its surrounding areas, located within the Idemili Local Government Area. The region is geographically situated between latitudes 06°03’N and 06°07’N, and longitudes 06°52’E and 06°58’E. The primary objectives of this research include delineating geological boundaries and assessing the hydro geochemistry of the Uke area. A comprehensive geological mapping effort was conducted to create a geologic map and establish a stratigraphic framework for the region. Field observations of exposed outcrops revealed two main lithologic units: the Nanka Formation and the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation. The delineation of these boundaries is crucial for understanding the subsurface geology. The area is characterized by a variety of streams, including Mmiri John, Ezigbo, and Obiaja, along with a major river. The drainage pattern in this region is dendritic, trending primarily in a northeast-southwest direction. Hydrochemical analysis of water samples indicated the presence of slightly acidic conditions, with pH values ranging from 5.4 to 6.17. The groundwater quality is affected by the leaching of Fe3+ and exhibits high levels of dissolved oxygen, measured between 5.6 and 10.2 mg/L. Surface water samples displayed varying total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations, with higher values ranging from 16.7 to 34.18 mg/L and lower values between 8.6 and 10.4 mg/L. Notably, heavy metal analysis revealed little to no presence of heavy metals in the samples. One of the most critical issues identified in this study is the fecal contamination of groundwater, which poses significant health risks to local communities. Generally, the streams in the area are not considered potable for drinking without treatment, although they can be safely used for agricultural purposes such as irrigation. In conclusion, the findings from this study underscore the importance of sustainable water management practices and highlight the need for further research to address groundwater quality issues and potential contamination sources in the Uke area and its surroundings. The results serve as a foundation for informed decision-making in managing the region’s water resources effectively.

Hydrogeological, Hydrochemical, Boundaries, Dissolved Oxygen, Risk, Contamination, Treatment.

1. Adeogba et al. (2015): Adeogba, A. O., Etuk, E. E., & Okoro, U. (2015). Growth faults and rollover anticlines in the Niger Delta: A structural analysis. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 136, 299-315. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Agu, C. I., Ezeigbo, H. I., & Anyanwu, I. A. (2022). Groundwater vulnerability in the Ogwashi Formation, southeastern Nigeria: A hydrogeological assessment. Hydrology Research, 53(3), 521-535. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Afigbo, A. E. (1981). *Ropes of Sand: Studies in Igbo History and Culture*. University Press Ltd. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Amangabara, G. T., & Obenade, M. (2015). Gully erosion control in southeastern Nigeria: A case study of the Nanka Formation. Environmental Management, 56(2), 295-305. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Anakwuba et al. (2017): Anakwuba, E. K., Onwuemesi, A. G., Ofomata, E. C., & Oha, I. A. (2017). Tectonic evolution of the Niger Delta Basin: Insights from structural and stratigraphic anal [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Olabode et al. (2016): Olabode, S. O., Alao, O. A., & Onifade, A. (2016). Structural and tectonic framework of the Niger Delta Basin: A case study of growth faulting. *Geological Journal*, 51(3), 361-374. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Omosanya & Adeniyi (2016): Omosanya, K. O., & Adeniyi, B. E. (2016). Geophysical and geological evidence for the tectonic evolution of the Niger Delta Basin. *Marine and Petroleum Geology*, 73, 115-135. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Obi, G.C. and Okogbue, C.O. (2004). "Sedimentary Response to Tectonism in the Campanian-Maastrichtian Succession, Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria." Journal of African Earth Sciences 38(2): 99-112. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Omosanya et al. (2015): Omosanya, K. O., Adewale, A., & Adekoya, A. (2015). Sedimentary dynamics and groundwater potential of the Benin Formation in the Niger Delta. *Journal of African Earth Sciences*, 113, 42-56. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Umeji, O. P. (2005). "Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation in Southeastern Nigeria." *Journal of Mining and Geology, 41(2), 177-184. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Uzoegbu & Okogbue (2014): Uzoegbu, M. U., & Okogbue, C. O. (2014). Hydrocarbon potential of the Akata Formation in the Niger Delta Basin. *Marine and Petroleum Geology*, 50, 103-115. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Rare Earth Elements of Sarawak: An Overview