Volume I Issue IV

Linearity improvement is one of the most critical issues in the development of highpower, high frequency TWT. Higher linearity allows utilizing more compact and less expensive power supplies. Furthermore, high-efficiency Travelling wave tubes can operate more reliably and have longer lifetime due to reduced collector loading. While the high-power outputs and wide gain-band widths make TWTs ideally suited for these purposes, the nonlinearity of these devices results in amplitude, phase and spectral distortion. Nonlinear distortion products appear as harmonics and for multi-carrier operation also as intermodulation products, at the output of the amplifier thus limiting the usable bandwidth of the amplifier and degrading fundamental efficiency. In this paper, design and development of a Ku-band 140W Helix TWT for improved linearity and high efficiency will be presented.

In today‟s high –tech Platinum era ,the meaning of Personality has changed. Several determinants such as Stress, Anger, Guilt, various Passions etc decide and streamline our Personality. Through this article attention has been pulled, to have a thought that if we consciously control, certain behavioural determinants in our life, a Dynamic Personality can be organized. Faulty adjustive patterns and maladaptive behaviour are the reasons which affect the development of strong Personality. These determinants should be evaluated and identified so that complimenting counter-actions can be taken before they become a threat for our behaviour. Today it has been proved by the scientists that our habits, traits, beliefs and emotions impact our neural and physiological systems so it can be said that a strong and dynamic personality is the owner of a healthy body too. Thus adjusting our mal-behavioural patterns can help us in organizing a balanced healthy and Dynamic Personality.

To compete in today’s industry environment, companies must keep up with the leading technologies and processes and also push the boundaries and develop new and improved products and processes. Shortening the lead-time for introducing a new product to the market has always been important to maximize profits and competitiveness. Recent developments in Computer Aided Design (CAD) technologies have significantly reduced the overall design cycle. However, the manufacturing process of the production mold still relies on slow and expensive machining processes. The Manufacturing Industry is an area where time, efficiency and accuracy are the major driving forces behind innovation and research. The most competitive companies are those who continually reduce process times, increase efficiency and improve accuracy. Rapid Prototyping is an area that has and is continuing to reduce production time and increase efficiency and accuracy in developing and manufacturing prototypes compared to traditional prototype manufacture. The research development of Rapid Prototyping (RP) is to give the Rapid manufacturing the needed confidence to go on to customized/tailor made product.

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile nodes, a kind of a wireless network where the mobile nodes dynamically form a network to exchange information without utilizing any pre-existing fixed network infrastructure. For a MANET to be constructed, all needed is a node willing to send data to a node willing to accept data. Each mobile node of anad-hoc network operates as a host as well as a router, forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network that may not be within the transmission range of the source mobile node. Each node participates in an ad-hoc routing protocol that allows it to discover multi-hop paths through the network to any other node.

Usually the previous end milling experimental study based on spindle speed ,feed rate and depth of cut and these cutting parameters are use for optimization of end milling operations .Due to the highly competitive Global competition and precision product requirements other important machining parameter must be optimise for the best process optimization. This research effort focuses on the role of the stepover ratio in CNC end milling operations and it was investigated in order to minimize cyclic time ,milling power and surface roughness. In the present work, Taguchi’s technique for Design of Experiment L9 (34) Orthogonal Array (OA) has been explored to produce 9 pocket by end milling operation on mild steel workpiece . The mild Steel is processed at a digitally controlled computerized numerical control (CNC) milling using cutting fluid with three different levels of experiments. The optimum condition for the quality characteristics and contribution of individual parameters have been establish through ANOVA of raw and signal to noise ratio analysis.

Energy supply in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is limited and non replenishable, and energy efficiency is the most important feature in designing these networks. One way to reduce the energy consumption of WSNs and hence prolong the lifespan of these networks is to use adaptive clustering algorithms. Many algorithms had been used to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we are going to compare the algorithms which has been already applied on this energy consumption problem.

This paper studies a new approach of risk management in distributed software development along with the organizational structure.

Introduction As the product literature of one generator company points out: "Although power output and generation efficiency are very low, useful power often may be obtained where a source of heat is available." This statement is intriguing because it packs many ideas together and suggests a space where electricity is desirable, yet the conventional power grid is insufficient. The first half of this paper examines this statement through the history of human electrical power development It also poses questions of quantitative nature – how low is “very low” ? - and questions of a more subjective nature – when does power become useful and who makes such determinations? In order to answer these questions, it is useful to pay attention to who is paying attention.

This is a review paper which compare the different models for noise cancellation. Our purpose is to compare the performance of different models with their advantages and disadvantages. This paper deals with the concept of adaptive noise cancellation through sub-band decomposition of FIR filter and simple structure of without sub-band .The sub-band structure implements an adaptive FIR of length N as a parallel combination of L branches, with each branch composed of a cascade of a fixed interpolator and adaptive filter containing at least N/L non zero coefficients. The sub-band structure presents superior convergence performance for input signals when compared to the conventional direct form LMS structure, with a very small increase in number of operations. The advantages of using the sub-band structure are shown through the acoustic echo canceller, noise canceller and channel equalizer application.

The aim of this paper to improve the voltage regulation in a transmission system through FACTS devices, complete close-loop smooth control of reactive power can be achieve the using shunt connected FACTS devices STATCOM is one of the shunt connected FACTS device, which can be utilize for the purpose of reactive power compensation. This paper is present the Comparisons of FACTS Devices on the basis of its terminal characteristics and conclude, which FACTS device is better for effective voltage stability to improve power quality of the transmission system.

A beam tunnel for a 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron for an Indian TOKAMAK system has been designed. The initial design of the beam tunnel has been carried out on the basis of the required electron beam parameters at the interaction cavity and the electron beam simulation of the magnetron injection gun. The design optimization of the beam tunnel has been done with the help of 3-D simulation software CST-Microwave Studio. In the simulation, the absorption, the reflection and the transmission of RF power by the beam tunnel have been analyzed. Three different lossy ceramics, Al2O3–SiC, AlN–SiC and BeO– SiC have been investigated during the simulation. The simulation results obtained with CST-Microwave Studio have been validated with another 3-D simulation software HFSS. The Q value of the beam tunnel for different ceramic material has also been analyzed to investigate the parasitic mode excitation in the beam tunnel.

Renewable energy systems—notably solar, wind, and biomass—are poised to play a major role in the energy economy and in improving the environmental quality of the United States. California’s energy crisis focused attention on and raised fundamental questions about regional and national energy strategies. Prior to the crisis in California, there had been too little attention given to appropriate power plant siting issues and to bottlenecks in transmission and distribution. A strong national energy policy is now needed. Renewable technologies have become both economically viable and environmentally preferable alternatives to fossil fuels. Last year the United States spent more than $600 billion on energy, with U.S. oil imports climbing to $120 billion, or nearly $440 of imported oil for every American. In the long term, even a natural gas- based strategy will not be adequate to prevent a buildup of unacceptably high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) recent Third Assessment Report and the National Academy of Sciences’ recent analysis of climate change science concluded that climate change is real and must be addressed immediately—and that U.S. policy needs to be directed toward implementing clean energy solutions.1 Renewable energy technologies have made important and dramatic technical, economic, and operational advances during the past decade. A national energy policy and climate change strategy should be formulated around these advances. Despite dramatic technical and economic advances in clean energy systems, the United States has seen far too little research and development (R&D) and too few incentives and sustained programs to build markets for renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency programs.2 Not since the late1970s has there been a more compelling and conducive environment for an integrated, large-scale approach to renewable energy innovation and market expansion.3 Clean, low-carbon energy choices now make both economic and environmental sense, and they provide the domestic basis for our energy supply that will provide security, not dependence on unpredictable overseas fossil fuels. Energy issues in the United States have created ―quick fix‖ solutions that, while politically expedient, will ultimately do the country more harm than good. It is critical to examine all energy. options, and never before have so many technological solutions been available to address energy needs. In the near term, some expansion of the nation’s fossil fuel (particularly natural gas) supply is warranted to keep pace with rising demand, but that expansion should be balanced with measures to develop cleaner energy solutions for the future. Our best short-term options for the United States are energy efficiency, conservation, and expanded markets for renewable energy.

VSC-HVDC can ad- dress not only conventional network issues such as bulk power transmission, asynchronous network interconnection, back-to-back AC system linking and voltage/stability sup- port to mention a few, but also niche markets such as the integration of large scale renewable energy sources with the grid.

governmental organization (NGO) is legally constituted organizations created by natural or legal people that operate independently from any form of government. The term originated from the United Nations, and normally refers to organizations that are not a part of a government and are not conventional for-profit businesses. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from membership in the organization. The term is usually applied only to organizations that pursue wider social aims that have political aspects, but are not openly political organizations such as political parties. Significant role of NGO's (Indian) in disaster management can be defined as the range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster.