Volume IX Issue I

LED dot matrix displays Systems are cost-effective method and convenient way to display message. An electronic cascaded RGB 32\*32 LED dot matrix display board for the display of Computer Science departmental and examination time table was developed. The LED dot matrix display board enables features with user interactions which enable users to select the day of the week to view its periods which are displayed as static messages, courses which are displayed as scrolling messages and a timer is use to set the color of the current day of the week, ongoing lectures, and venues to green. This system will help in proper and accurate information dissemination in the department and help in solving the problem of student missing lectures and examination.

The Nigerian economy is predominantly oil-driven. Government's over-dependence on oil has slowed down the development of other energy sectors. Also, the continued failure of the government to enforce relevant laws for the protection of the environment has contributed to poverty and deprivation of local community people of their rights to human and acceptable standards of living. Gas flaring and oil spillage are two prevalent environmental pollution in Nigeria that has prevented the country from attaining sustainable development. This paper discusses gas flaring and oil spillage in Nigeria, their effect on the environment and how they can be curbed by diversifying the economy such that strict environmental protection laws can be imposed on operators. Oil spill remediation should be carried out by defaulters, and the community should be duly compensated. Renewable energy has a high initial cost but is a cleaner form of energy and help in attaining sustainable development in Nigeria.

Education in Nigeria is devoid of the crucial element to averting the surging rate of unemployment in the country. Unemployment prevails in the country because the educational system itself fails to empower the ones passing through it. The educational methodology needed in Nigeria is one which helps to develop an individual's mindset, behaviour, skills and capabilities and can be applied to create value. Focusing on the development of a skilled workforce and the expansion of human capacities through high-quality systems of entrepreneurship education and skills acquisition is important for helping youths and graduates find good jobs and enterprises find skilled workers they need.This paper discusses the effect of entrepreneurial education inreducing unemployment in Nigeria. It also highlights the roleof entrepreneurial training in early education as a means of developing entrepreneurial skills in Nigerian youths. The challenges of existing entrepreneurial programmes in Nigeria were discussed, and suggestions made on how to surmount these challenges.

Construction contractors have different projects in different locations in Nigeria, as such monitoring of the complete construction process is tasks that depend on different professionals. With the advent of current information and communication technology (ICT) in construction sector like Building Information Modelling (BIM), Radio frequency Identification Device (RFID), Geographic Information System (GIS), and Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) construction project budgets are becoming realistic, errors in design and construction times are drastically reducing, quality and performance are significantly improving. BIM is one of such innovative processes that promise to bring about the continuous improvement and desired change in the construction industry and revolutionize the processes of its operation to achieve better collaboration between project parties and ensure successful project delivery. Thus this study explored the perceived benefit of using BIM to construction professionals in construction projects in Bauchi state, Nigeria. Quantitative research method through descriptive survey was adopted. 50 structured questionnaires were administered to construction professionals in Abuja Nigeria. The data were tested for reliability and the questionnaire administration attained 76% success rate It was found that the Discovery of designs omissions & errors, Concepts, Feasibility & Designs benefits and Increased Building Performance & Quality are the most perceived benefit of BIM to professional in construction project. Therefore, this study recommends that the regulatory bodies and the relevant authorities should mandate the use of BIM in both public and private projects in the state.

The urban footprint is a distinctive measure of the extent of achieving environmental sustainability accurately in cities, it reveals deficiencies and positives within cities that affect the value of the footprint and given that urban planning is in control of the way people conduct their activities inside cities. Environmental planning for cities is the key to reducing the environmental footprint and thus achieving sustainability within cities. So, the research shows two cities, Berlin and Singapore, which differ in the value of the urban footprint of their two, and the city planning methods for them, in order to reach mitigation measures that raise the urban footprint in each of them.

The performance of temperature models were evaluated for the estimation of global solar radiation for Yola, Nigeria. The variations of the mean monthly, annual temperatures and extraterrestrial solar radiation were estimated and the monthly global solar radiation was estimated over five (2011 – 2015). Meteorological data comprising of Gunn-Bellani radiation and maximum and minimum temperatures. It is very encouraging to observe a very fine agreement between measured and estimated values obtained from Hargreaves and Sammani model. The model performance of the three models was compared based on MBE, RMSE, and MPE as shown in table 7. Based on the RMSE, Hargreaves model and Sammani model produces the best coefficient of determination 8.46, while the Allen et al., model gives the worst with larger value of 14.89. It was observed that the lower the RMSE, the more accurate the equation used. For MBE, the result shows that the Hargreaves and Sammani model is the best with a value of 4.78, Allen et al., models is again the worst with a value of 18.34. With respect to MPE, Hargreaves and Sammani model offers best correlation of – 3.74, while the Allen et al., models model gives the worst. Hargreaves and Sammani model (Eq. 8) was found as the most accurate model for the prediction of global solar radiation on a horizontal surface for Yola, Adamawa State. The global solar radiation intensity produced by the recommended model can be utilized in design, analysis and performance estimation of solar energy conversion system, which is gaining significant attention in Adamawa State and Nigeria at large.

The aim of this work was to extract and characterize the oils from soybean, melon and breadfruit seeds as well as evaluate their suitability for biodiesel feedstock. Soxhlet extraction was employed and physiochemical properties of the oils extracted were carried out using standard analytical methods. The saponification value (mg KOH/g), acid value (mg KOH/g), iodine value (mg iodine/100 g), peroxide value (mg peroxide/kg), refractive index, and specific gravity were found to be 190 ± 0.06, 1.81 ± 0.14, 120 ± 0.10, 6.12 ± 0.23, 1.47 ± 0.16 and 0. 9156 ± 0.12 for soybean oil; 185 ± 0.04, 2.80 ± 0.04, 110 ± 0.12, 5. 20 ± 0.16, 1.473 ± 0.01 and 0.9150 ± 0.03 for melon oil; and 168 ± 0.15, 9.39 ± 0.08, 116 ± 0.12, 8.90 ± 0.08, 1.4718 ± 0.01 and 0.9200 ± 0.05 for breadfruit oil respectively. The FTIR analysis in the study showed the presence of seven different functional groups. Conclusively, the vegetable oils are suitable as biodiesel feedstock which justify the study.

The aim of this work was to extract potash from three agricultural wastes namely: coconut husk, plantain peel and cocoa pod husk. In each of the experiments, The potash was extracted from wastes using water and the extract was titrated against 1.0 M HCl using methyl orange as indicator. The concentration of potash was determined using UV Spectrophotometer. The results showed that sodium in the extracts from cocoa pod, plantain peel and coconut husk were 542.083 ppm, 302.592 ppm and 204.16 ppm respectively. The agricultural wastes used are suitable for use in the extraction of potassium for soap making and environmentally friendly.

Data security in a network-based computer system has become a major challenge in theworld today. With the high increase of network traffic, hackers and malicious users aredevising new ways of network intrusion. In other to address this problem, an intrusiondetection system (IDS) is developed which will detect attacks in a computer network. In thisresearch, the KDDCup99 Test datasets is analyzed using certain machine learningalgorithms (Bayes Net, J48, Random Forest, and Random Tree) to determine the accuracy ofthese algorithms by classifying these attacks into their various classes. A constructiveresearch methodology is adopted throughout this research. The experimental results showthat the Random Forest and Random Tree algorithms are the most effective inperforming the classification technique on the Test dataset. The experimental tool used wasWEKA which was used to perform a correlation-based feature selection on the dataset with aBest First search method, and the parameters used for the computation are Precision, Recalland F-measure.The result shows that random tree and random forest performs better when the average is taken in terms of Precision,Recall and F-measure.

This work was carried out on Deep – Offshore Nigeria JONSWAP based Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) design data of length of 3044m with buoyancy section of 600m clamped to an FPSO in water depth of 2000m. Also, appropriate meteocean data for Offshore Nigeria was used to simulate the environmental conditions. The entire process was statically and dynamically simulated using different wave spectra on Orcaflex software. The fatigue analysis results for the lazy-wave SCR with Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) gave life and damage values as 15.4 years and 0.000177 respectively. While the fatigue life and damage results without VIV gave 17.99 years and 0.000152. At the buoyancy section, the Effective Tension (EF) for the VIV analysis at arc lengths 2000m, 2120m, 2240m, 2360m, 2480m and 2600m gave maxima values at 477KN; 418KN; 420KN; 477KN; 571KN and 685KN respectively. Similarly, results from the Non-VIV analysis for the arc lengths gave 440KN; 386KN; 390.8KN; 451KN; 547KN and 663.5KN respectively. The results show that VIV analysis led to a reduced fatigue life and higher damage value while buoyancy section gave higher tension when compared with Non-VIV. From the foregoing, this work shows that VIV plays a significant role in the overall fatigue of a lazy wave SCR in Deep Offshore Nigeria with great impact at the buoyancy section and hence should be properly taken into consideration in its design in Deep-Offshore Nigeria.

Total potential energy equation of thick anisotropic rectangular plate was differentiated with various displacement functions w, ϕx and ϕy. The results yielded the governing equations of thick anisotropic rectangular plate as shown in equation (1). The governing equation (1a) of displacement w was then minimized by adding the similar terms together to yield equation (9). The displacement functions of equation (9) were split by substituting w for wx.wy, ϕx for ϕxx.ϕxy and ϕy for ϕyx.ϕyy respectively. The split equation (14) was solved to obtain equations (33), (34), (35), (36), (37) and (38) respectively. These various differential and integral functions were then integrated to obtain the general displacement function solutions that many authors have been assuming when analyzing thick, thin, isotropic, orthotropic and anisotropic plates. These general displacement functions were determined in equations (40), (42), (44), (46), (49), (50), (51), (52) and (53) respectively. From the general displacement function we obtained the exact displacement function for SSSS rectangular plate as presented on Table 1. These exact displacement functions for SSSS rectangular plate can be used in analyzing thick anisotropic plate at any point.

Construction consultants are the core professionals responsible for overseeing the construction projects from conception to maintenance management stages. With the advent of current technology in construction project such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID), and Geo Informatics System (GIS) the consultants’ services need to be improving in terms of quality and performance through constant utilization of BIM software to meet the construction project goals. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness level of BIM tools and the extent to which these tools are utilize among construction consultants in Abuja Nigeria. Quantitative research design through descriptive survey was used in analyzing 66 structured questionnaires. The data were tested for reliability and the questionnaire administration attained 81.2% success rate. It was found that the degree of BIM awareness is low and yielded a slow BIM adoption; several numbers of BIM tools with many features attached to, have been revealed and the level of familiarity with these tools ware also measured but the most known software were Graphisoft ArchiCAD and Autodesk products. Thus, the study recommends that the regulatory bodies Architect Registered Council of Nigeria, (ARCON), Council of Registered Builders of Nigeria (CORBON), Council of Registered Engineers of Nigeria (COREN), and Quantity Surveyors Registration Board of Nigeria (QSRBN) should make BIM tools as part of mandatory applications to utilize by construction professionals in their respective organizations. In the same vein, they should compel construction consultants to pay more attention to the use of other BIM tools apart from those engaged in, since the BIM vendors are constantly updating and producing new versions with several features attached to. Lastly, the government at all level should authoritatively, mandate the use of BIM in both public and private construction projects.

Vertical electrical soundings (VES) was carried out in Opolo and Tombia all in Yenagoa local government area, Bayelsa state, Nigeria to understand the resistivity distribution of its subsurface which serves as a tool in investigating subsurface lithology. All VES sounding were stacked together to generate 1D pseudo tomogram and was subsequently interpreted. The interpreted VES curve results shows that Opolo consists of three layers within the depth of investigation. Sandy clay with mixture of silt make up the first layer (Top layer) with resistance value ranging from 24-63Ωm. The second layer is made up of thick clay with very low resistivity values ranging from 3-19Ωm. The third layer is sandyclay with its resistance value ranging from 26-727Ωm.Tombia also reveals that the area is in three layers within the depth of investigation. Sandy clay with a mixture of fine sand made up the first layer (Top soil) with its resistance values ranging from 40-1194Ωm. The second layer is made up of fine sand with resistivity value ranging from 475-5285Ωm. The third layer is made up of sandy clay/sand with its resistance value ranging from 24-28943Ωm.The results of the 1D pseudo tomogram also reveals that Tombia and Opolo consists of three layers within the depth of investigation and pseudo tomograms serves as a basis tool for interpreting lithology and identifying lithological boundaries for the subsurface.

In this paper, we present an automatic words detection and recognition approach from different lip movements. We are going to present an approach for identifying and recognizing different lip expression of the human. The main objective of this paper is to design an approach which can automatically detect the lip and identify the different lip expressions of the human. Different lip expression videos which can indicate different words of the human are recognized and converted to frames using video to frames converter. The frame is considered as the input image. By using Viola-Jones algorithm face can be detected and the detected face is extracted. The ROI portion (lip) is extracted based on orientation estimation. The extracted lip image is compared with the different lip expression images stored at the database. The key points in the lip images are detected, extracted and matched using Speeded up Robust Features (SURF) Algorithm.Lipimages are measured using region properties measurement. Depending upon the selected features and the measured region properties of the lip, the different lip expression of the human was classified. The different words are shown in the display and the corresponding voice notes are played. The proposed approach is superior compared to other state-of-the-art approaches.The experimental results indicate that this approach is highly accurate.

Each of the processes and stages in paint production and application are represented by a particular shear rate. As a result, paints behave differently under these shear rates, and as single rotational viscometer may not be able to determine these behaviours at certain shear rates. To predict the behaviour of paints outside the measured shear rates, power law model which is a simple mathematical tool for determining the rheological behaviour of fluid becomes important. This work studied the use of power law model in predicting the behaviour of washable paint: a type of waterborne paint, produced from jatropha seed oil. Waterborne coatings are non toxic, but they do not have excellent rheological properties compared to those of solvent based paint. Therefore, it is necessary to predict how this paint will behave at different stages of processing: pumping, canning, mixing and storage. This will help in reformulation of the sample to satisfy specific need if there is need. The rheological properties were determined by measuring the average viscosity of the sample using a rotational viscometer at the shear rates of 06 rpm, 12 rpm, 30 rpm and 60 rpm. The average viscosity readings at the shear rates are 1061 mPa.s, 533.5 mPa.s, 214 mPa.s and 107.1 mPa.s respectively. These readings were converted to logarithmic values; 3.0257, 2.7197, 2.3181 and 2.0298 respectively. These values were then, used to determine the power law parameters n (0.6602) and k (2344.23mPa.s), and correlation coefficient of 0.9960 through regression analysis. The results describe the applicability of the power law model to predict the viscosity and the behaviour of the sample at different shear rate, and also quantify the shear thinning behavior of the product.

In the world today, any physical activities carried out by man is caused as a result of energy being converted from one form to another and this has played a vital role to meet human being daily activities. This study focused on the analytical investigation of the samples used and a simplified mathematical model was generated for effective forced convection with the aim of achieving a perfect amount of temperature and dampness level within the multi-layered poriferous material. An integral transform method in compliance with the initial and specified boundary conditions was introduced to analyse numerically using MatLab software. The analytical model developed was justified with an existing experimental set up designed to look into the analysis and the effect of uncoupled heat and mass movement in the wet substance. The temperature and the moisture level of the plantain samples were juxtaposed with the experimental values transcribe during the dehydrating process, there was 72% careful scrutiny collating the experimental and the simulated out-turn. Overall, it may be said that the radiant heat diffusion coefficient has a vital influence on the temperature spread and the mass dispersal coefficient in the system and the result obtained described a closed-form relationship between the experimental and the simulated process.