Volume IX Issue V

The automotive chassis forms the structural backbone of a vehicle. The main function of the chassis is to support the components and payload placed upon it. When the vehicle travels along the road, the chassis is subjected to various stress distributions and displacement under various loading conditions. This paper deals with the total deformation and stress analysis of the Toyota FZJ79L pickup truck chassis when subjected to static load and frontal impact.

The ad hoc nature of rains pose a serious challenge in our everyday lives, right from preventing the clothes from getting wet to save precious harvest from drenching. Our innovation addresses this challenge by automatically detecting the downpour and providing a waterproof housing for the object of interest. Our project not only focuses on clothes hung on the cloth line. It basically overlooks upon the vast effects of rain on the materials exposed to the atmosphere. This project focuses on retractable rooftops on the terraces at the time of rains which work on rain sensors.

This research focuses on the design and implementation of the first Television White Space (TVWS) Geo-location database for Edo State, Nigeria that is capable of calculating and availing the amount of unused frequencies channels at any given location and time of the day. The sensing technique was used for comprehensive quantitative estimation of TVWS in the 470-870MHz of the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band, using an inexpensive Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum analyzer. The database was developed using laragon server and the results from the sensing were imported into it systematically and is released for public access. The result analysis show that of a total number of the TV channels allocated to the TV stations in urban area 66% is occupied while 34% was not occupied, in semi-urban area 50% is occupied while 50% was not occupied and in rural area only 8% is occupied while 92% is free to be used by White Space Device (WSD). White space devices can query the database via the internet with the help of a hypertext preprocessor (PHP) script designed to handle the logic used to analyze, calculate and avail TVWS channels once the device has indicated its location and time. The result from the query guides the WSD on its choice of frequency channel to transmit over during opportunistic access. This plays a decisive role in protecting the primary users from interference which are the rules for TVWS communication technology.

Absenteeism is one of the odd disasters faced by all the organizations in this modern era which results in Mr. & Ms. Turnover. Absenteeism not only indicates the body presence (physical) it starts with the mind absence (mental) of a person so the organization has to take this as an important issue before initiating any diffusion actions through that and along with the employee participative management. Hence the above title of the research paper was undertaken to know the employee absenteeism in the organization. Sample size of 65 respondents was considered. The data were collected from level three employees and analysis was undergone. In addition to that necessary suggestions were also given.

This study presents polynomial models for estimating diffuse solar radiation in Yola, Nigeria. The models were compared with the widely applicable models. The accuracy of estimation of these models is tested by calculating the Nash-Sutcliffe equation (NSE), The t-statistic, mean percentage error (MPE), mean bias error (MBE), and root mean square errors (RMSE). Statistical indices show that all models produce reasonably good estimates of diffuse solar radiation. The lowest values of -0.002 kWhm2day-1, 0.320 kWhm2day-1, 0.160 kWhm2day-1 and 0.015 kWhm2day-1 for MPE, RMSE, MBE and t-statistic respectively are obtained for Tasdemiroglu and Sever model provided reasonably high degree of precision in the forecast of monthly average of diffuse solar radiation on the horizontal surfaces.

A Car Hiring Management System (CHMS) is a mobile application system that oversees car leasing and rental for short periods of time, ranging from a few hours to a few weeks. The conventional system is facilitated to operate with different locations as to permit clients access, made possible with the existence of numerous local offices which allow a user to return a vehicle to a different location and primarily located near busy city areas. In this paper we considered the audit of significant articles which helped us to design a system which facilitates online bookings for “car rentals” which will primarily serve people who require a temporary vehicle and desire to book such ahead of time from far and near. Tourists who are out of town, owners of damaged vehicles awaiting repairs or indemnity compensation can as well take advantage of this service. In order to implement the car hiring management system, the technologies adopted for the development of the system and are of XML, JAVA, KOTLIN, C++. It has in-built text-editor, code completion, graphic user interface (GUI) builder, compiler, and debugger. These technologies were chosen because they are well suited for mobile-based applications.

Every year forest fires destroy a huge area of forest cover, leaving largescale destruction of flora and fauna in its wake. Forest fires play a major role in driving thousands of species of wildlife to extinction year. Artificial intelligence helps us predict the future and using it in this domain can successfully help us predict forest fires and save the wildlife. Any fire essentially depends upon 3 factors which are the oxygen, temperature and humidity. This research aims at predicting the possibility of a forest fire taking place, given the oxygen, humidity and temperature content of a given place. A concept website that can be created to take inputs from the user and predicts the forest fire probability in real time, is also shown.

Integral equations have different applications such as determination of potentials, system identification, spectroscopy and seismic travel time. In this paper, authors have solved non-linear first kind Volterra integral equations (V.I.E.) using Taylor series method. Authors have been considered two numerical examples for explaining the complete methodology. Results of numerical examples show that Taylor series method is very useful and effective numerical method for handling the problem of obtaining the primitives of non-linear first kind V.I.E.

A survey of endoparasites of lizards was undertaken in three location in Calabar Municipality to ascertain the infection rate of helminth parasites. Out of the 236 *Agama agama* lizards examined, 176 (72.9%) were infected with helminthes parasites. The lizards in Edim Otop had the highest infection rate of 75 (78.9%) compared to Ikot Ansa and Ekorinim locations. Although male lizards seem to be more infected (51.1%) than the female (48.9%), there was no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05) in the infection rate. Of the 481 helminth parasites recovered from the male and female lizards, two nematodes were identified comprising of *Strongyluris brevicaudata* and *Parapharyngodon awokoyai*. The rectum was the most preferred site of infection compared to other organs of the gastrointestinal tract. There was statistical significant difference (x2 = 14.9, df =4, p < 0.01) between parasite prevalence and site of recovery. The month of July recorded the highest number of parasites 157 (32.6%), and there was statistical significant diference (x2 = 14.1, df = 3, p < 0.01) between the month of lizard collection and the rate of infection. The study revealed that Agama agama lizards in the study area are parasitized by *Strongyluris brevicaudata* and *Parapharyngodon awokoyai*. Further investigation is recommended on the zoonotic implications of these parasites in humans, especially for those communities which still embark on consumption of lizards.

We now live in a world where everything is automated and linked to the internet. The Internet of Things, Machine–Learning and image processing, for example, are evolving daily. The security system in a Warehouse is a typical example of this transition, where an employee’s presence can be recorded without traditional method of roll call. This in turn helps avoid consumption of time. Another cause for concern is that warehouse thefts have been rising rapidly over the years. In such circumstances, every owner of the warehouse should be concerned about taking security measures to safeguard its valuable inventory. In order to tighten up the security at the entrance and exit gates, a powerful access control system must be deployed. The first step before being able to do image analysis would be to take relevant frames from the video streams. This is crucial to a smart interactive device and requires extensive compression of the data to run the models on the features identified as most relevant. One also needs the device to identify and react to certain events (owner coming in, break-in etc.) through a frame by frame comparative analysis. During the training stage of the machine learning model, a large training dataset of images is used, where different variations of a single image is considered with respect to exposure, angle, expression etc., A portion of the dataset is used for cross-validation of the training model. This cross-validation dataset provides a performance metric for the accuracy of the training model. At the user end, a camera captures and acquires the person’s image entering the door. This image is further processed and sent to a backend database for verification. The trained model compares the features of the captured image with the existing image in the database and checks if the features match. If they do, the system will allow the person in and if the features don’t match, the system will alert the security management.

The use of solar thermal systems (especially in the agricultural sector, to conserve vegetables, fruits, coffee and other crops) has shown to be practical, economical and the responsible approach environmentally. Solar heating systems to dry food and other crops can improve the quality of the product, while reducing wasted produce and traditional fuels - thus improving the quality of life, however the availability of good information is lacking in many of the countries where solar food processing systems are most needed. This research work is therefore focused on the design and construction of a solar dryer for drying of maize seed. In designing of the solar seeds dryer, proper design considerations such as functionality, cost, and availability of materials were taken. The solar seeds dryer consists of the following major components; solar collector, drying chamber, transparent cover (glass), and the absorber plat. The solar seed dryer has a cross sectional area of 1000 mm x 1000 mm (1m2). The front of the box was measured and cut to 320 mm in height and 1000 mm in length. A vent was cut in the front measuring 30 mm in height and 600 mm in length. The solar seed dryer was evaluated for performance and the results obtained showed that during no-load test, average temperature of the heated air inside the solar dryer was higher than the average ambient temperature. It was also observed that large quantity of moisture content was removed throughout the three days. However, it was highest in day one, and least in day 2.

The present paper is a study of engineering properties of concrete using Bagasse coated with PET synthetic fibres (POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) to Investigate the effect of strength parameters on concrete which are coated with PET fibres in varying percentages thereby reducing plastic waste to the environment. PET fibres coated with bagasse ash are added partially to the concrete with replacement by weight of cement in varying percentages of 0%, 0.5, 1% , 1.5%,2%. The major study in this paper is to calculate the compressive strength, spilt tensile strength and Flexural strength of M 25 grade (1:1:2) concrete for 14 and 28days. Specimens are casted by varying the percentages of bagasse coated with PET fibres and are tested for engineering properties by tabulating the results. There is an increase in characteristic Strength of concrete mixed with bagasse ash coated with PET fibres when compared to the normal conventional concrete specimens & the testing of casted specimens is done by compressive testing machine and Flexural testing machine in the laboratory. The maximum strength gained is found to be in 1.5% replacement of fibre with weight of cement which also leads to increase in bonding strength of concrete & less amount of cracks in the concrete specimens.

The challenge of restricted access to education due to limited educational institutions, specifically at tertiary level resulted into implementation of Distance Learning programme in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised, clientele of Distance Learning Programme (DLP) in South West, Nigeria. The sample size of the study, was Three hundred and sixty (360) respondents. The research instrument used to gather data were both the quantitative (secondary) and qualitative (primary) data were used to collect data. For the quantitative data, a self-developed questionnaire by the researchers, entitled “Questionnaire on Appraisal of Effects of Asynchronous Learning on Clientele''Achievement in Distance Learning Programme in Ondo State, Nigeria”, fashioned on four Likert Rating Scale (Strongly Agreed (SA), Agreed (A), Disagreed (D) and Strongly Disagreed (S), complemented by qualitative research instrument (Focus Group Discussion “FGDs”). The instruments were validated by two experts in Test and Measurement at Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The reliability of the research instrument was done, through test retest methods at two weeks interval. 0.70 Coefficient reliability was obtained for the qualitative research instrument, while, for the quantitative research instrument, two sessions of FGDs were held, using respondents who were not involved in the main FGDs for the study. Data collected on the research questions were analysed, , using descriptive statistics (frequency counts, simple percentages and men), while data collected through FGDs were collected, collated and analysed on the results, conclusions were made that asynchronous learning strategy could motivate clientele to study effectively and also improve clientele' achievement. Based on the conclusion, recommendations were made that; all logistics that can make the use of asynchronous learning strategy possible should be put in place. Also, the clientele of Distance Learning programme should be encouraged to adopt Asynchronous mode as a learning style etc

This research is about the design and construction of a Micro-gird control system and its ability to manage renewable energy sources. The renewable energy source used in this project is solar energy source and wind energy source. The micro-grid power network is a system for improved effectiveness, unwavering quality and safety with smooth integration of sustainable power source through computerized control. The microcontroller is the fundamental piece of the embedded system. The microcontroller controls the entire system based on the instruction given to it during the installation stage. In this project, a control system is designed and implemented which enables communication between different components of the Micro-grid. Here, the main aim is to implement a micro-grid that can serve the loads connected to each distributed generation (DG) effectively while managing the energy sources.

This research is developing an automatic phase selector which acts as a back up to the power supply when any of the main lines fails. In single phase lines when any of the line fails the power will not be available. This device mainly reduces the wastage of power and time. It has the capability of selecting the line with power when any of the lines fails and also select the line with the highest voltage in the case of low voltage. The switching is done automatically which has a capability to reduce arcing which occurs in three phase lines due to mechanical switching. The required trigger pulses for the switches are obtained by using transistors.

The quality and quantity of water source play an important role in any environment. The study was conducted to assess both the quality and quantity of public water supply in The Polytechnic, Ibadan. Orisun Hall of Residence has five residential blocks - A, B, C, D and E. There are three boreholes within the hall premises which serve as the bases of water sources. The water quality parameters which were obtained from each of the boreholes were subjected to water analyses - physicochemical and bacteriological in accordance to standard methods. The results were statistically analysed and comparison also made with some recognized standards The water analyses revealed include Physico-Chemical Tests: odour, taste, appearance, colour, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, total solids, total alkalinity, chloride, total hardness, chlorine demand, dissolved oxygen, hardness, iron, silica, calcium ion, magnesium ion and sulphate and also Bacteriological Tests: coliform organisms, total colony count and Escherichia Coli. The results obtained showed clearly that almost all, parameters were limit bound within the specified standard range. Few deviated above the maximum permissible limit of WHO. Further treatment is recommended for the water and periodic clean up of tanks to flush out settling siltling were also recommended. Constant supply of water to the available tanks precisely thrice a day or in alternative thrice the number of tanks be made available instead since all boreholes yield well.

Corporate Social Responsibility is not a new concept but now a days it spreading very promptly in India in all the sectors. CSR is to give back to society, or we can say to contribute towards the society while working with in ethics. Banking sector of every country helps in its socio economic development by accumulating the idle savings of people and make them available as finance or raising the liquidity in the country. This sector has translated hopes and aspirations of millions of people into reality. Our banking sector can assuredly compete with modern banks of world. In our country CSR has been practised in most of the organisations. The Companies Act 1956 not containing any mandatory provision for CSR, but there is legal provision to perform CSR activities in The Companies Act 2013. Section 135 schedule VII of Companies Act 2013 provides for companies having net worth of Rs 500 crore or more or turnover of Rs 1000 crore or more or net profit of Rs 5crore of more in a financial year to spend at least 2% of the average net profits of last three years for the company's CSR policy. In this study the theoretical framework of CSR activities happening within the choose companies is targeted. This would also put together the research base for future research to review the wealth maximization of companies through their CSR activities. The study conjointly works on understanding whether or not restructuring of company ways happen as per the CSR efforts place up and therefore the impact of CSR efforts and its connection with competitive advantage of the organizations towards property.

Being one of the largest industries, Tourism sector’s contribution to the growth and development of economies is enormous. With evolving offbeat motivations among the tourists market and emerging varied tourists attractions, the nations are at the outset to position their destinations lucratively through strategic branding. Inspite of understanding the market, it is also paramount for the DMOs to understand the role of stakeholders in branding process. This review paper has been intended to understand the significance of stakeholders based on the previous research works from destination management and branding literature. This paper helps the DMOs and other thereof in destination branding. Consistency in information and understanding the stakeholders perception of the destination image have been staunchly implied. It is important to note that, this paper is a qualitative research work and limited to the findings from previous researches.

Plastic has been a revolutionary paradigm shift for society. It has solved problems, But it has also created a new complication; or an abundance of garbage and debris. Much of this garbage finds its way to waterways and shorelines. When in water, plastic disintegrates into micro pieces that are consumed by marine life eventually traveling up the food chain. Additionally, this washed up trashed ruins intact shorelines while creating havoc for wildlife and their habitats. It is necessary to remove the trash from the ocean, but equally important to clean up the litter already washed up on shorelines. The purpose of this project is to present a new one innovation that assists individuals cleaning up litter from shorelines environments. Ultimately, it enhances the quality of human life and wellbeing. So, we come up with the equipment which detects the garbage on beaches using CNN and collects it using circular shovel forks. Collection process is carried out by motors which are driven by rechargeable batteries. It will help us to keep beaches clean and save marine life from garbage pollution. This report contains detailed research, hands on understanding, interactive considerations and design thinking.

A practical sign language translator is an essential way for communication between the deaf community and the general public. So here we present the development and implementation of an Indian Sign Language (ISL) fingerspelling translator based on a convolutional neural network. We utilize a pre-trained GoogLeNet architecture trained . We produced a robust model which classifies letters a-z correctly with first-time users and another that correctly distinguish letters a-k in a majority of cases. The limitations of the dataset and the encouraging results achieved, we are confident that with further research and more data, we can produce a generalized translator for all ISL letters

Sign Language is a system of communication which uses visual gestures and signs, with the help of which, a deaf or a mute person communicates with other people. As India is home to many spoken languages, there are also many Indian sign languages. In this paper, we are focusing on the Marathi sign language native to Maharashtra, there is a good number of people in the remote areas and also in the urban areas of Maharashtra who don’t have the ability to speak or listen, since there local language is Marathi, most of them use Marathi sign language so that they can speak their mother tongue and express themselves, but not everyone knows the Marathi sign language and also, there cannot be interpreters of sign language at every time at every place, this gap of the sign language interpreter is filled by our product, as it converts the Marathi sign language to Marathi alphabets. There are over 43 alphabets in Marathi language (Swar & Vyanjan), each alphabet has a different sign gesture and our product can identify the gesture made from both right and left hand. Our product captures the real time image of the hand gestures, recognizes the gesture and displays the recognized Marathi alphabet in real time.

Price is a major factor which plays a vital role in the company’s revenue. This paper focuses pricing via three steps. First step is about the basics of pricing concept and the factors affecting the pricing. Second is about the various types of pricing in brief and also its importance. Third, about the suggestions to the marketing companies or a person who is above to involve in research regarding pricing. Reader could understand the importance of pricing concepts easily from this paper and could use it for the future benefits. The author has gathered information from various reliable sources to make this paper and presented in a simple manner.

Wastewater is generated in residences from daily activities of human beings such as bathing, washing, cooking etc. This wastewater especially from the kitchen contains oil and grease and other chemicals added to it during use. The several ways by which residents disposed off their wastewater have raised both environmental and public health concerns. It is strikingly noticed nowadays that buildings are either not provided with sewage treatment facilities or such facilities are non-functional. This study, however examines how domestic wastewater from residential apartments in Ikosi, Orita Pahayi and Oke Odo neighourhood of Ilaro, Ogun State. One hundred questionnaires were distributed randomly in each neighourhood. The simple percentage and frequency table were used in analyzing the data. The result reveals that wastewater is not properly disposed off in the buildings in the study area. This indiscriminate domestic sewage disposal negatively impacts on the rental values of buildings as well as worsen the environmental health status of residents in the area.

Al 7075 T6 is one of the highest strength aluminum alloys in 7000 series family which is used in highly stressed structural parts of aircrafts. The high surface roughness lowers the fatigue resistance and also affects the quality of the parts. But, in order to minimize the surface roughness, the productivity is affected to the greater extent. Hence, this paper describes, the multi-objective optimization of process parameters to minimize surface roughness and maximize material removal rate, in CNC end milling of Al 7075 T6 aluminum alloy using Taguchi-Fuzzy, Taguchi-Grey and Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy methods. The input parameters taken into consideration are speed, feed, depth of cut and nose radius. In Taguchi method, L27orthogonal array with 4 factors and 3 levels are chosen and S/N ratios are calculated. The S/N ratios of roughness and material removal rate are fed as inputs to Taguchi-Fuzzy and Taguchi-Grey methods and output received is Multi response performance index (MRPI).In Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy method, S/N ratios of responses are first converted to Grey relational coefficients (GRCs) and then GRCs of responses are fed as inputs to the fuzzy logic system and output received is MRPI. The optimized levels in each integrated techniques were identified and confirmation test were done. There was a significant improvement in MRPI of optimal process parameters as compared to MRPI of initial process parameters in each integrated technique. As compared to other approaches, Taguchi-grey-fuzzy gave better results as compared to the other approaches.