Volume IX Issue VI

This work involves developing an agent based automatic code generator that can generate automatically, control software that can run in a microcontroller and perform the control action specified in a given Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) chart for control systems. The methodologies adopted are waterfall model and the multi agent software engineering methodology. The automatic code generator is developed using Java programming language. A typical control system was used to show how the automatic code generator works. The ASM chart representing the control system is converted into State Transition Table (STT). The STT is converted into a fully expanded STT. The state agents on the automatic code generator relevant to the present ASM chart are initialized with output code(s) taken from the fully expanded STT derived from the ASM chart. The generator will generate the source code when the generate source code button is clicked. Then the source code realized (in C language) was compiled using C compiler and a hex code was gotten. A prototype of the control system specified in the ASM chart used in this work was designed using simulation software named Proteus. The prototype comprises the Passive Infra Red (PIR) sensor, crystal oscillator, Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) microcontroller (Pic16F877A), Light Emitting Diode (LED) (representing the light) and motor (representing the fan). The hex code is fitted into the PIC microcontroller. When the simulation is run, the PIR sensor accepts two inputs, 0 and 1. If the input is 0, the motor and LED will be off, but if it is 1, the LED and motor will be on. This shows that the hex code of the source code generated by the automatic code generator is correct.

This study focuses on investigating the spatiotemporal changes of the built-up area and its change patterns in the Colombo metropolitan area, Sri Lanka. The same was achieved by employing the multi-temporal satellite data and geospatial techniques between 1988 and 2019. Remote sensing data were employed, and built-up areas were derived using spatial indices. Subsequently, the spatial calculation was performed by Grama Niladhari Divisions (GNDs) level using geospatial techniques. The results revealed that the study area had undergone a rapid urban expansion within the last three decades, while it has mainly focused on the western coastal belt. Hotspots analysis illustrated that very hotspot GNDs are gradually increased. There were 95 GNDs in 1988, and it increased up to 191 by 2019. The output of the study can be used as a proxy indicator for urban planning and development. Meanwhile, the constructed method can be applied in any city to study built-up dynamic changes and their patterns.

This review paper deals with the assessment of research papers pertaining to project of war field spy robot using night vision camera. The objective behind the development of this robot is for the observation of human activities and the conditions in the war field or border regions in order to decrease intrusions from the opponents. The robot has the ability to transmit the videos even in dark environment since it contains night vision wireless camera so that any destruction and loss of human lives can be controlled. We are aware that the veteran’s lives are endangered while setting foot in an unknown zone so the robot serves as an apt device for defense section for reducing the loss of human lives and it averts illicit operations. It transmits the information with the help of all the military people and armed forces to know the state of the warfield in prior to enter it. The robot has the capability of detecting the mines which are underground along with ability of letting the user direct it wirelessly in order to prevent human fatality. The robot also functions as a path guider since it consist of sensors as well as a fire extinguisher in crisis. The robot is so designed as it easily detects fire in advance to the condition where it cannot be handled, in upcoming days it can work with fire-fighters to reduce the risk of human casualty

Soils are used as a road making material and they form the sub-grade of most tropical roads. They are used as sub-base and bases for low cost roads and carry low to medium traffic. Stabilization is a technique to be considered in improving the properties of soils and making them suitable for use in specific engineering project soil. This research studied the effect of bitumen on the geotechnical properties of lateritic soil. Two soil samples were taken at 1km interval, at 1.2m depth from RCC borrow pit along Lagos Ibadan express way and a small container of bitumen was also collected at RCC, Toll-gate Ibadan for the study. Classification and CBR test were carried out on the untreated samples and treated sample with different percentages of bitumen [0%, 25%, 50% and 75%] under unsoaked condition.CBR values of sample A for different percentages are 17.68N/m2, 32.10N/m2, 36.80N/m2, 45.90N/m2 while for sample B, CBR value are 15.68N/m2, 36.85N/m2 , 46.45N/m2 , 58.80N/m2. This result indicates that the addition of bitumen increased the CBR values of both soil samples. The experimental work shows bitumen is a promising soil stabilization agent and that there is need to find out the influence of bitumen on the properties of the soil under a longer duration of about a year.

The research work examines the structural properties of concrete beam (flexural strength and deflection)under loading with partial replacement of cement with Rice Husk Ash (RHA).The Pozzolanic potential of RHA came to bear. Samples were made for various percentage of replacement (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) with0% replacements for the control and tested at 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed that there was an increase in flexural strength from 7 to 28 days with 6.0, 6.0, 3.6, 5.2 and 4.6 N/mm2 for the 28days test and 30% replacement maintaining the same flexural strength for the entire test. It was also observed that there was a decrease in deflection value at rupture with progression in age with increase RHA content showing lesser capacity to carry imposed load. However, the water/cement ratio for the 30% AND 40% RHA/cement samples were increased to ensure a workable mix. These improved the result obtained when compared with the 20% RAH/cement having similar w/c the control and 10% RHA cement Samples. Setting time and slump test were also carried out and the results shows that with increase in RHA content in cement, lower values were obtained for the initial and setting time and for the slump test. It is recommended that 10% replacement can be used instead of the control and 20% and 30% can be used for non-structural concrete beam such as lintel.

Lead-based perovskites have attracted great attention as a new type of photovoltaic materials. However, the toxicity of lead causes concerns about future large scale applications. Therefore, it is imperative to find environmentally- friendly divalent metal to replace lead (Pb). Sn2+ metal cation is the most possible alternative candidate to replace Pb2+. However, the tendency of Sn2+ to oxidize into Sn4+ state distort the neutrality between cations and anions in the perovskite structure leading to instability of tin perovskite solar cells. In this paper, X-Ray Diffraction (X-RD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) were used to investigate the properties of tin-based perovskite absorber layer fabricated in FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3 architecture using one step- deposition method. The results show that tin-based perovskite absorbing layer could be promising candidate to replace lead-based perovskite absorber. Better film coverage in CH3NH3SnI3 can be attained by smoothing and optimizing the layer thickness by varying the precursor concentrations and spin coating parameters.

There has been a tremendous growth in digital media, because of the focus shift to visual content and video broadcasting. The increase in the bandwidth and abundant availability of mobile machines has resulted in lag-free billions of hours of videos being watched on various video search platforms. Publishing a video on the internet is the easiest way of conveying one’s thoughts, emotions and company products to the world. Internet being cheap and quick, many commercial organisations are emerging with their presence on video search platforms where they publish and earn money though the traffic fetched by the video, also it is easy for them to link it with organisation’s or individual’s main website & other social media.

The review of monograph «International high-tech transfer and national security: trends, challenges, prospects» (Omelyanenko V.A.) presents the main important aspects of presented research. The main scientific results are outlined and discussed.

Decade earlier, cognitive intelligence is considered as the significant method for estimating the knowledge of an individual, later specialists found that individuals with same degree of cognitive intelligence are not getting a similar level of success in life and it is found cognitive intelligence is not enough to make progress throughout everyday life (Parker et al., 2004), attention is given on emotional intelligence as people consider it as imperative factor shaping the success in life. Generation Alpha or Gen I (born after 2010) is the youngest generation and their intelligence and emotional intelligence is going to be the determinant of the nations’ future, and we need to analyze the ways to improve the emotional intelligence of this generation. Several researches have done to examine the variables impacting emotional intelligence, aim of the present study is to analyze, how the socio economic status of the parents’ influences the emotional intelligence of generation alpha kids.

The fundamental aim of this project was aimed to verify the processes of block moulding using iron ore tailings, sand, cement and water to compare the compressive strength between the use of iron ore tailings in moulding of blocks and ordinary sharp sand in moulding of sand crate blocks. The iron ore tailing that was test run for this research are of various types and sizes this includes: soft rocks tailings, hard rocks tailngs, fine tailings and course tailings. And size ranges between 1.6mm, 1.0mm, 0.63mm, 0.315mm, 0.8mm and 0.16mm.0.8mm size of iron ore tailing was found suitable for this research.150mm x 225mm x 450mm hollow blocks were produced at the concrete laboratory and the quality of the various components were obtained from the mix and weighed using weighing balance. slump test and compressive strength test was conducted to measure the workability and to meet up with standard procedure for concrete production .The samples blocks were crushed each at 7,14,21, and 28 days after casting and cured . The test results showed that the lower the replacement of the fine aggregates the greater the compressive strength; there was increase in the percentage replacement of using conventional fine aggregates with iron ore tailings; 25-30% replacement of iron ore tailings is more appropriate, quality and economical in the production of sand crate blocks. The research recommends that itakpe iron ore (IOT) is a suitable materials for most engineering constructions works and materials like heavy weight concrete, high density blocks and stabilization of lateritic soil; more research should be conducted on using iron ore tailings to improve engineering properties of very expensive soils such as black cotton.

This work involves developing a smart grid system that can help electricity generating machine users and those of other electricity supply sources to check overload and ensure the smooth running of their electricity generating machines and electricity supply sources. The methodologies adopted are waterfall model and prototyping. The microcontroller is programmed to monitor and control the amount of electric power used by an individual. The system displays on an LCD screen, the maximum load that can be plugged to an outlet and once it detects an overload, it automatically disconnects the system from the power supply source. Then, when the cause of the overload is removed the system can be reset with a button. The system was developed using a program which is embedded in a microcontroller. The programming language used is Assembly language and the assembler used is M-IDE studio for MCS-51and an 8051 instruction set. The hardware subsystem comprises of the power unit, Input sub system, Control Unit and the Output sub system. The system is a simple and reliable smart grid system. The system provides a best solution to overload problems faced by house owners in their daily life. Due to its simple electronic components nature, it is more adaptable and cost-effective to construct.

The government website is a thing that people will know on what is happening with that certain government office and what would be the information a citizen can get with that website. Disseminating of information nowadays is delivered through websites. Government websites can indicate its contact number in case there are users who want to ask questions from a certain government office. It could also indicate the image of the website if what is that website looks like and can also put its address too. However, there are some existing websites developed without considering the user's needs and didn't meet the expectations of the users maybe because it is not easily accessible to all kinds of users. We conducted this research to determine if the government websites are accessible and more effective and efficient. Moreover, the purpose of conducting this study is to know the citizens perception about the 5 websites that are examined. In the result, the mean of the level of usability of the government websites is 4.2158 with a standard deviation of 0.57193. This shows that the level of usability of the government websites is very high while the mean of the level of accessibility of government website is 4.1940 with a standard deviation of 0.59177. This shows that the level of accessibility of government website is high. It has also found out that among the indicators of the usability of government websites, efficiency and satisfaction are the two predictors of the accessibility of government websites. The result of some selected websites followed the consideration on usability and accessibility that is necessary for the existing and future government websites that can be found within Davao region.

Student attendance is a crucial content of the administration of any tertiary institution as many results to truancy afterwards. There is nothing wrong with the traditional way of manual tracing of student attendance in the classroom but technology can get it better. Since Smartphone are now a very common tool or gadget. This process becomes tidier since all the teachers and students can get access easily and take attendance. The method of this attendance is based on many to many matching, the matching results are so good that it could perform very well on large databases. Mobile application is to be used for documenting student attendance record to avoid missing paper sheet for attendance:

Granite has vast range of application as construction material, architectural stone, a decorative stone, bridges and countertops. Black pearl granite is excavated in large blocks providing slabs of suitable sizes. Machining of rocks with conventional method has low surface finish and incorporates cost in final finishing. Abrasive water jet cutting is used for precise cutting of granite. Burst occurs at the other side of the material which is undesirable. The burst has to be minimum for high production and minimum wastage of cost. This work deals with the prediction of burst area by using ANFIS. The experiments were carried on Black pearl granite. By using Taguchi method a L27 Orthogonal Array was formed for deciding number of cuts. Input parameters such as traverse speed, abrasive flow rate and standoff distance were varied whereas water pressure and abrasive size were constant and burst area was the response which is to be calculated. After experimentation, with the help of ImageJ software area of burst is calculated for each cuts. Thereafter with the help of data acquired, coding was done in ANFIS in order to predict the burst area. The motive behind this is to increase the precision of machining and to reduce the cost behind the finishing of granite. Effect of these process parameters on the burst area were considered for prediction of burst area by using various Artificial Intelligence (A.I) techniques like ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and ANFIS (Artificial Neuro-fuzzy Inference System). The results were compared by comparing AI technique in prediction of response to get most accurate AI technique.

Smoking is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and death worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of socio-demographic factors on smoking among women of child-bearing age attending antenatal and postnatal care in Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State, The study employed descriptive cross-sectional study design which aided in examining the influence of socio-demographic factors and smoking of women of child bearing age in Federal Medical Center Owerri. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered to women of child bearing age attended antenatal and postnatal care in Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results were displayed in frequency tables, percentages and charts. The highest age percentage (42.3%) of the respondents was found in 26-35 years and majority of the women were married 239(79.7%), It was proved that marital status has significant influence on smoking (X2 = 49.16; elf = 3; p-value < 0.001). The educational qualification of women assessed on smoking habit recorded highest on tertiary level (50%) and it showed a significant influence of smoking (X2 = 20.90; df = 3; p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, it was proved statistically that demographic factors had influence in smoking among women and most of them were influenced into smoking by friends. Therefore, health education should be provided for the women of child bearing age on dangers of smoking in Imo State and beyond in order to reduce the effect of smoking on women.

In today’s era, toll becomes an obstruction to pass through the gate and paying manually becomes time consuming as well as fuel consuming. By using android app and firebase systems we decide to automate the process of toll system, which will reduce both time as well as fuel consumption of the cars waiting in the queue. This would also reduce the manual work and make the passing of vehicles fast as compared to old process of the toll system. Every driver who drives by the toll would need to install the android app that is linked with other payment gateway and the payment can be done by other wallets namely (Paytm, Mobipay etc). The app would have the details of the driver, licence number, car number plate to create a unique identity. The driver can pay the toll before reaching the toll from the app and through internet the payment would be allotted in the database of the toll system. As the vehicle would enter the toll lane, a camera will scan the number plate and check for the number of cars. Then it will scan it in database and if the payment is done it would directly open the gate and let it pass. On return the camera will check the number of car and check for the type of payment example (OT- one time, R – return) and based on that it will allow to pass.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a moment that has no precedence in our life time. At this time, CSR has been seen as doing some good in some way. It has been seen as having achieved its goal, if it is done well and in compliance with the government guidelines. Marketers and brands committing a certain portion of their CSR funds towards the COVID fund. While the whole nation was under lockdown, many organisations were focusing on newer ways to contribute towards society in this pandemic scenario. Together, through the right channel, and one voice, we can safeguard our nation and help fight the global pandemic. The main intend of this paper is to study various announcements of government for eligibility of CSR expenditure related to COVID-19. Moreover, to study that how various companies are helping the society in the fight against COVID-19 through CSR activities. Amid such challenging and unprecedented times, companies and marketers are coming forward and supporting the society in various ways such as contributing funds, medical equipment, providing facilities to underprivileged sections, etc.

This paper has presented a review on multimodal biometric system with a view of applying same in the enhancement of secuirty management in vulnerable location. The review is on the use of biometric features to ensure adequate security. It considered various schemes and their individual strengths and weaknesses. However, more emphasis was given to multimodal biometric system. A Multimodal biometric system is a biometric scheme that uses more than one modality in making verification and authentication as well as identification . The challenges of single trait biometric systems can be addressed by multimodal biometric system. Several multimodal biometric systems combining different features have been proposed in literature and in practice for security and access control purposes. After considering other biometric options proposed in literature by taking into account factors such as ease of use, convenience of user, reliability, cost and response time, a multimodal biometric scheme that combines fingerprint and face features was proposed for stakeholders authentication to augment security management in vulnerable environment such as Internally Displaced persons (IDP) camp. This way, stakeholders can be properply identified and managed. The proposed system will be evaluated by testing on database after a good number of fingerprints and face images of stakeholders have been enrolled. Subsequently, matching modules will be run to check performance. It is believed that equipping IDP camp where there are high chances of invaders, for sexual abuses and other social vices with multibiometric metric system by taking record of number of persons in such place, will provide robust security system with easy tracking of an intruder and will also ensure adequate sharing and management of resources and intervention aids within the camp.