Volume VIII Issue IX

The focus of research on the techno-industrial advancement and innovation on bio-fuel generation for complete replacement of conventional fuel sources are welcomed developments. This paper seeks to present the production of bio-ethanol using the fermentation water of cassava as a viable source of renewable energy. It was achieved by conducting laboratory experimentations. The results obtained confirm the authenticity of bio-ethanol as useable domestic fuel. It attests that the thermodynamic characteristics of bio-fuel met the standard values. Thus, from study the bio-ethanol obtained a flash point of 40moC with 0.819m/hr and 26.1MJ/Kg burning rate and calorific value respectively. However, it was found denser than water by 1068kg/mm3 against 1000kg/m3. Therefore, bio-ethanol production with fermentation waste water of cassava is a viable and sustainable source of renewable energy.

I. INTRODUCTION Family businesses are said to be as old as man. Previous researchers found out that family businesses paved the way to multinational companies. It can be noted that the presence of family businesses are evident in our society and is an essential part of the economy. This is also especially true in the Middle Ease where historically, family businesses are recognized to be a very important contributor to their fast-growing economy. Heck et al (2001) For many decades in the UAE, the family businesses were believed to be the only type of business in the country, but the term was never used then. Historical record said that many of the early family businesses are long-standing clients of old banks in the region which, began as a family-owned business. Such companies are a vibrant and vital part of the UAE’s economy and are typically much larger and more diversified than their counterparts in Western countries. Across the region, it is noted that more than 80 percent of businesses are family-owned and run, Babu Das Augustine( 2019).

Nigeria has been identified as a major dumping ground for e-waste from developed countries of the world arising from the need to do business globally and also in other to bridge the digital divide in development and commerce. The need for global business and communication has led to rapid technological growth which in itself has triggered a high rate of electronic equipment production and invariably also high rate of electronic waste (e-waste). This electronic waste is becoming a major global issue. This paper is to project the e-waste generation per inhabitants in Nigeria using the 1.9kg per inhabitants, the arithmetic and geometric population projection methods to project the population for 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050. In the worst case scenario using geometric projection the population of Nigeria will be 453 million and the e-waste generated will be 861 thousand metric tonnes. Comparing this to other substance like pure water, coarse sand and topsoil the equivalent is 861 thousand m3, 1.4 million m3 and 1.2 million m3 respectively. Some recommendation as contained in the conclusion is that government should enact and enforce legislation on e-waste, empower regulatory bodies to live up to their responsibilities, adopt an e-waste management system and control importation of UEEE gadgets.

In implementing an IoT based satellite dish controller, it is essential to properly position the antennas in the direction of transmitter for effective wireless communication. So here an IoT based antenna positioning system that allows for remotely positioning of antennas based over IoT is implemented. In this system a WIFI module is mounted on the antenna to broadcast signals which can be picked up by WIFI enabled devices. Upon connection using the configured IP address, the dish position can be controlled from the web browser of the WIFI enabled device and its direction will be changed by motors using IoT. This system will help in monitoring antenna direction and transmitting new coordinates to position the antenna. This system appropriately positions the antenna accordingly. So essentially using this system, antennas can be position wirelessly in the desired directions using IoT.

The present study involves the preliminary screening of actinomycetes for antimicrobial activities. Two soil samples were collected from Taunggyi area. They were serially diluted and the isolation was conducted by the selective medium, Glucose-yeast extract-beef-peptone (GYB) agar medium. A total of 10 actinomycetes (TG 1 to TG 10) with distinct characteristics were isolated from the soil samples. The preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity of actinomycete isolates was performed. The inhibitory effect of the isolated microorganism towards the growth of test microorganisms was observed. By antimicrobial analysis, it was found that isolate no. TG 4 showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus and Candida albicans and isolate no. TG 7 and TG 8 exhibited the potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 3- day fermentation. Isolate no. TG 4 was found to have a broad spectrum of activity against all the test microorganisms except Bacillus subtilis and isolate no. TG 7 showed the high antibacterial activity against E. coli after 4-day fermentation. It was shown that isolate no. TG 7 and TG 8 had the highest antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 5-day fermentation. The present study indicated that soil actinomycetes had the active antimicrobial activity against six test microorganisms. It can be concluded that the confirmation of isolated strains as genus and species levels was going to be conducted.

This paper is about design and implementation of a bladeless Fan for safety reasons and noise minimization in a table fan. The fan blades are hidden and the wind is channeled out in one direction and well distributed air as a result of the fan rotation. The fan was locally fabricated using PVC pipe, wood and hard paper. Bladeless fan is the newest trend in the fan industry. It is very powerful as it multiplies the air flow coming out, thus, offering much better cooling. A bladeless fan has several benefits over conventional fans. The fans work on a simple mechanism – to suck in air and push it out. Hence, they do not consume a large amount of electricity and are energy efficient.

This paper is focused on the simulation and implementation of simple fuzzy logic excitation control of a synchronous generator. Synchronous machine in hydro power plant could be controlled and conducted by fuzzy controller.In this work, a model of a static excitation system of an alternator connected to a network via a transformer has been built using MATLAB-SIMULINK. A Fuzzy logic controller is used to control the output terminal voltage power of the synchronous generator for static excitation system. The proposed controller consists of a single control loop for both the voltage and the damping control. A method based on step response has been proposed and verified for tuning the parameters of the controller. The simulation test results with this excitation control system model using fuzzy logic controller has found more satisfactory than without using it. The behaviour of the excitation system with fuzzy logic controller is compared with excitation system based on the PI voltage controller in this paper.

This paper inspects corporate governance paraphernalia on corporate social responsibility disclosure of companies in the Nigerian Construction Industry. Sample of five (5) construction companies were taking for the period of five (5) years from, 2013-2017, researchers used secondary data which produced from annual reports and accounts of the companies sampled. The data was analyses by the means of descriptive statistics and regression analysis using Stata package. Results reveal that board size has positive and significant link with corporate social responsibility disclosure, thus the most important of corporate social responsibility disclosure of construction companies in Nigeria. CEO Duality has positive but insignificant relationship with corporate social responsibility disclosure, however board composition, and audit committee composition have negative effects on corporate social responsibility disclosure of the sampled companies. Based on the findings, the study recommend that the board size should not have less than seven (7) members given the levels of higher number of board size to greater disclosure of corporate social responsibility activities of the companies sampled. Audit committee composition and board composition should encompasses knowledgeable members. Predominantly, the companies should ensure adequate obedience to the code of corporate governance in view of its essential importance in the actualization of increased corporate social responsibility disclosure.

Data security and confidentiality is an important aspect of communication system that has always been a focus for exchanging information among parties at location physically apart. One of the most important techniques to protect and verify information that are exchanged over communication channels in the existence of third party called antagonists is cryptography. The stored or transmitted message is transformed in the encryption process to unreadable or gibberish form. The reverse process in which the intendent recipient can reveal the encrypted message content is called decryption. The encryption and decryption processes are achieved using secret keys that are exclusively exchanged between the sender and recipient. This method can be applied to any form of message such as audio, video, image or text data. The study presents the application of the well-known RSA algorithm for audio data encryption and decryption. The performance of the presented algorithm has been tested via experimental implementation using Matlab simulations. The results on the presented technique validated that it is secure, reliable and efficient to be applied in secure audio communications as well as it performed high intelligibility of the recovered audio signal.

For food security sustainability, the need for automatic identification and diagnosis of taro leaf diseases is highly desired. To improve the identification and classification accuracy of cocoyam leaf diseases and reducethe number of network parameters, the improved decision tree model of deep learning is proposed for leaf disease recognition in this paper. The deep learning model takes several images of the ravaged and normal leaves of different shapes and orientation. A high definition camera was used to capture the images to avoid blurred or overlapping images.With the techniques, there are significant improvements in identification and predictions of the presence of the taro leaf disease.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol that is used on a computer network for automating routing decisions and configuration. The protocol was designed by Cisco Systems as a proprietary protocol, available only on Cisco routers. Partial functionality of EIGRP was converted to an open standard in 2013 and was published with informational status as RFC 7868 in 2016. EIGRP is a dynamic routing protocol by which routers automatically share route information. This eases the workload on a network administrator who does not have to configure changes to the routing table manually. When a router running EIGRP is connected to another router also running EIGRP, information is exchanged between the two routers. They form a relationship, known as an adjacency.

The liquid level controller for real-time data acquisition is a model that uses a microcontroller unit, a transmitter (low pressure sensor) which senses the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid in the tank, and a digital to analogue converter (ADC) all interconnected and interfaced via a RS232 level converter to the computer. The computer served as a display terminal for monitoring and controlling changes in the variable through a visual basic (VB-6.0) developed program which has manual and automatic modes. The microcontroller does the work of controlling the inlet and outlet pumps, the alarm unit and communicates with the terminal computer (PC) software via the max232 level converter. The software provides the user platform to interface the hardware and the operator. The changes are finally visualized real-time on the terminal (PC). The resulting value of the variable obtained is further stored on a database with reference to time.

Foods are naturally nutritious and suitable substrates for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. Consuming unhygienic products from meat and meat products make humans food-borne illness. This is the main cause by pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, a total of ninety samples were purchased from Taunggyi market during June, 1999 to January, 2000. Fifty-four samples were from chicken meat, twelve samples from ovary and twenty-four from intestine. The aim of this study was to attempt the microbial contaminants of chicken meat, ovary and intestine sold at Taunggyi markets. The present study deals with some bacteria isolated from chicken meat, ovary and intestine using selective culture techniques. Mac Conkey agar was used to detect *Escherichia coli* and Salmonella-Shigella agar was used to detect *Salmonella* and *Shigella* species. Identification of bacteria was conducted by primary and secondary tests of biochemical activity. In this study, seven species were collected from chicken meat, three species were from chicken ovary and two species were from chicken intestine. *Shigella dysenteriae* was found as the highest percentage (18.5%) in chicken meat and another 18.5% bacteria were not identified. *Escherichia coli* were found as the highest percentage (58.3%) in chicken ovary. *Enterobacter aerogenes* was found as the highest percentage (75.0%) in chicken intestine. The present study revealed that raw chicken meat, ovary and intestine were heavily contaminated with bacterial pathogens. It can be concluded that the contamination of meat, ovary and intestine sold in market places must be minimized by proper sanitation and inspection practices.

*Carica papaya* L. belongs to the family Caricaceae. It is known as papaya in English and Thinbaw in Myanmar. Morphological features of *Carica papaya* L. were studied in the present investigation. Samples for this study were collected from the Loikaw University Campus during July to November in 2016. Phytochemical screening of *Carica papaya* L. revealed the presence of many therapeutically important classes of phytoconstituents such as alkaloid, glycoside, reducing sugar, carbohydrate, phenolic compound, tannin, steroid, terpenoid, flavonoid and neutral compound. Moreover, the leaves samples of *Carica papaya* L. were extracted with various solvents: pet-ether, acetone, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and water. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were tested by the well diffusion method. In this case, the ethyl acetate extracts had the highest activity against *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* and showed the narrow spectrum of the bacterial activity. The present work aimed to generate information regarding relevant pharmacological and phytochemical data needed for the proper identification of medicinal plants.

The effects of substituting fish meal with sesame seed cake in diets for *Heterobranchus longifillis* fingerlings were investigated for 85 days in aquarium. The best weight gain (25.17), percentage weight gain (188.29%), specific growth rate (SGR %) (0.51%) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) (0.49) were obtained in the diet with 5% sesame seed cake. The bestpercentage survival (90.00%) in the Diet 2 with 5% sesame seed cake . This is suggesting that sesame seed cake can replace fishmeal more than 5% without adverse repercussion on fish growth and survival.

This paper deals with design and fabrication of semi-automatic dish washing machine .the cad drawing of semi-automatic dish washing machine is elaborated .the details of time required ,cost, energy consumed are discussed in this paper . The literature surveys were carried to know the problems of system and to improve it. The principle of operation of semi-automatic dish washing machine is viewed in this paper. The future scope of semi-automatic dishwashing machine is also discussed in this paper.

Electrical Energy has its applications in each and every domain of our life. It is directly or indirectly involved in every aspect of human life. Its usage has increased to a large scale nowadays. As of now the major portion of electric energy generated is by hydro and thermal energy. So there is a danger of its depletion in the near future. Technical Community is consistently searching for renewable, sustainable and feasible energy source. Generating the energy from the economic and available resources has become very much essential nowadays. Bioenergy, solar energy are yet to prove their efficiency. Hence we are proposing an idea of generation of the electric power by converting kinetic energy of flowing water in water pipe. This type of power generation is carried out here by one of the natural resources which is water, along with some necessary arrangement of turbines and pipes in order to produce the desired electric power efficiently. This proves to be one of the smart solutions of converting one form of energy to other and utilizing the converted energy as the basic need in everyday purposes.

Many materials, when in service, are subjected to various kinds of loads and forces: for instant consider duplex stainless steel which is being used at the hull of marines. In such situations it is necessary to know the characteristics of the material and to design the member from which it is made such that any resulting deformation will not be excessive and fracture will not occur. The mechanical behavior of the material reflects relationship between its response and deformation to its applied load or force. Important mechanical properties are strength hardness and ductility. Hence this paper presents an experimental investigation and comparison on properties of 2205 duplex stainless, 2507 super duplex stainless steel, copper and tungsten as they all have good corrosive resistant characteristics, ductile property and good thermal expansion and electrical conductivity.

Information exchange among people occurs with a natural and efficient medium called speech. In speech communication, this speech signal is corrupted by various noises. Hence enhancing the speech is very much essential so that the enhanced speech is made better for human comfortable listening. The speech signal can be enhanced using wavelet based techniques that can reduce the noise efficiently. Enhancing speech involves improving speech quality and speech intelligibility. In our paper we review different wavelet based speech enhancement techniques.