Volume VIII Issue V

This work presents modeling and simulation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system using controllers. Vector control is the basic technique used for control of the IPMSM. The speed controllers used are Proportional Integral (PI), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and hybrid PI-FLC. The speed controllers are implemented at the outer loop, while the current controller, hysteresis band current controller is implemented in the inner loop. MATLAB/SIMULINK software version 2014a was used to design the model. The simulation was carried out under no-load and variable loads torque 1.0Nm, 2.0Nm, 3.0Nm, and 4.0Nm applied at 0.25s. The result shows PI controller with more ripples and high settling time. And the FLC shows less ripples and low settling time, while the hybrid PI-FLC shows the desired results with lesser ripples and settling time. Hybrid PI-FLC also shows smooth speed and a torque response. The results of PI, FLC and hybrid PI-FLC were compared by plotting their load with respect to settling time. The FLC with little effect from parameter changes, load variations and speed changes, whereas, the PI performed poorly under thesame conditions. The graph shows hybrid PI-FLC superiority under transient conditions and parameter changes. Load variations and speed changes have no effect on the hybrid PI-FLC. Therefore, the hybrid PI-FLC is more suitable for control of IPMSM drive system.

Electrical Discharge Machining, commonly known as EDM is a non-conventional machining method used to remove material by a number of repetitive electrical discharges of small duration and high current density between the workpiece and the tool. EDM is an important and cost-effective method of machining extremely tough and brittle electrically conductive materials. In EDM, since there’s no direct contact between the workpiece and also the electrode, hence there are no mechanical forces existing between them. Any type of conductive material will be machined using EDM no matter of the hardness or toughness of the job or electrode. In EDM, electrical spark energy is used for continuous melting and evaporation of the workpiece material also machining operation is generally performed under dielectric medium. It is required to use a high proportion of the energy produced by spark for melting and evaporation of the workpiece. But only a small proportion of the energy produced in the spark is used for melting and evaporation of the workpiece material, remaining energy is dissipated in the dielectric fluid in the form of convection and radiation. In this present work, an attempt is made to restrict the energy dissipation in the dielectric fluid and for this purpose, an enclosure is provided around the electrode with the aim to create a back pressure thereby restricting the expansion of the plasma in the EDM process. This enclosure is also called as a shield and again to remove debris from the workpiece, the magnetic field generated by the magnets is used around the machining region.

“Long live the King” was adopted in Europe in the 13th century to proclaim not just the death of a ruler but also the immediate transfer of power to his or her heir. Today, the consumer is in control and many forward-looking business enterprises have acknowledged this paradigm shift. Technologies such as social media, data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT) have changed how transactions and communication take place between sellers and buyers. No longer are businesses driving this relationship, customer have now taken control. The availability of information about both businesses and customers is forcing businesses to treat customers very differently. Globalization has expanded consumer choices and powered the growth of the middle class around the globe. The digital revolution has given consumers access to information and to one another―anywhere, anytime. New technology along with new media has led to disruptive innovations and provided new opportunities as well as new challenges for business enterprises.

TDD and BDD were popularized by XP (Extreme Programming) is an agile software development framework. Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development technique which applies unit tests to incrementally deliver small pieces of functionality. TDD is a developer-focused process.In TDD (Test Driven Development), first come tests and then the code. The minimal piece of code is written in order to pass the designed test. In other words, it is the process of testing the code before its accretion writing. If the code passes the test, then developers can carry on to its refactoring. Behavioral Driven Development (BDD) is a customer-focused process. It is based on the full and clear understanding of the system or module behavior but in the terms of business/client. The tests for TDD are generated by developers for developers. The test for BDD can be created by testers or technical managers.

In digital image processing, image segmentation plays a major role in segmenting the image. In the field of medical imaging to find diseases many segmentation techniques has been used. One of the primary cause of blindness is glaucoma. It is diagnoised by examination of size, structure, shape of optic disk and optic cup. In glaucoma patient affected eye, the cup size increases while disc area remains the same hence cup to disc ratio (CDR) increases in glaucoma patient. CDR is the ratio of optic cup area to optic disc area, which provides basis for the diagnosis of glaucoma. K- mean clustering is most popular image segmentation method when compared with existing segmentation techniques. It is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithm that solve the well known clustering problem. It is hugely based on partial differential equations which could not programmed enough. This algorithm is easier to code and huge number of medical images can be tested in this algorithm in short span of time which was harder in existing method. The proposed method gives better CDR error compared to correlation coefficient and area under curve. Cup to disc ratio (CDR) is the main factor in the detection of glaucoma.

Different kind of parts can be machined on the CNC lathe employing g- code as the programming language. The TPS3910 training lathe series were procured for practical exercises in the CNC laboratory to enhance student’s knowledge of CNC parts programming. The paper profiles the procedures for producing a four step shaft on lathe using g-code programming. Plastic work piece of 70mm in length and 20mm diameter was used as the blank because only non-metallic material can be machined on the training lathe equipment. The required parameters needed for the programming are the dimensions of the shaft to be produced. After the set-up of the machine, necessary data for x, y, and z coordinates were determined. The programme was run on simulation mode before machining mode to prevent any error during the actual machining operation. The result validates CNC machining operation high dimensional accuracy and absence of error using g-code programming.

Consequent end-of-use pollution impact of electrical and electronic items is of increasing concern due to their non-recycleability and toxicity. This has prompted the research for target recyclable and biodegradeable alternatives. Here we present, the commutative recycling of rice husk, corn cob and saw dust and plastic (polyvinyl acetate), into biodegradable and enverinmentally friendly printed circuit unpopulated boards.Employing a pressure of 25000 psi, temperature of 135 OC and using melamine formaldehyde resin as adhesive, particle boards of dimensions 4 cm x 10 cm were produced. The boards were conditioned for 10 days under atmospheric conditions before being used. Surface cleanning, etching and activation with non-precious metal activating colloid prepared with copper acetate and Ammonium Hydroxide. Pottassium Borohydride (KBH4) was used as the developer prior to electroless copper cladding.The Polyvinylacetate boards were also cut to the same dimensions and treated likewise.Strenght of material analysis of the produced boards, surface morphology and degree of water imbibition were carried out. The electrical conductivity results show that the boards meet acceptable standard values. The rice husk, corn cob and saw dust have tensile of 2.91, 2.60 and 1.92and bending strenghts of 2.6 KN/mm2to 3.07 KN/mm2respectively. The optimal breaking load of 2.7 KN was obtained with resin concentration of 40%. The surface morphology presents the samples as platelets and forming overlaping surfaces.The surface electrical conductivies are within acceptable ranges and consequently presents these boards as viable alternatives to the synthetic themosets that arecommercially available.

Squeeze casting is a under pressure solidification route whose beginning in Russia dates back over a hundred years. Squeeze casting gives the properties of casting as well as forging. The process has recently been commercialized in Japan for automotive wheels," and considerable development appears to have been made in the United States towards squeeze-cast diesel engine pistons. This paper reviews recent progress in developing and applying squeeze casting for MMC manufacturing. Process parameters play important role for achieving better mechanical properties. Squeeze pressure plays a primary role and melt temperature plays secondary for achieving better mechanical properties.

In recent years many assistive systems for disabled have been developed. In this paper we present a unique assistive system for tetraplegic patient which works on eye waver technology. Tetraplegia also called as quadriplegia is a paralysis condition where a patient cannot move parts below neck. In some cases the patient may even become dumb. The patient will be bedridden and have to be taken care. The proposed assistive system is to enable communication between tetraplegic patient and caretaker. The proposed system works, based on eye movement of patient. A Haar Cascade Classifier methodology is used for getting eye and facial axis information. An efficient eye tracking method is used to detect and track the eye movement. The eye movement and blink of patient will be recorded by the system and it is processed and converted into corresponding voice output. The patient can also use this system for device automation, for controlling fan, light and other devices.

This study based on the pharmacokinetic modeling which was designed to realize a mathematical models with the objective to quantify and characterize drug behavior, here six mathematical models such as zero-order, first-order, higuchi's equation, korsmeyer-peppas, hixson-crowell’s cube root equation and Tanh function were applied to different nano-structures that were designed as drug delivery system, in order to compared and test the drug release kinetics, then choose the optimal model that released the entire drug for extended periods of time in the bloodstream. The data of drug release from various nanoparticles structure were drawn out from literature and then were applied to the mathematical models that mentioned above. The results showed that the Tanh function model had the highest correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9848) and it was applicable to the drug that needs the whole amount of release and prolonged period of time. From this result, it can be summarized that the Tanh function can be used to describe the drug release effectively and successfully.

In the electric power system for the design, planning, control and operation at the current time and upcoming forecasting expansion of systems the power study or load flow analysis is essential. The effect of interconnections, add or remove generations, loads, transmission lines, etc. known before the installation gives the top, financial and effectual operation. This paper explains about the solution of load flow study considering of input voltage and indication power settings to power system and provides all the busses power flow and voltage magnitude. The calculation of load flow studies is easy for small system. But the system is too large that consists with hundreds or thousands busses it is problematical by hand. The MiPower (MiP) software is used to resolve power flow solution problem since large power system network. To solve the power flow problem in present many software program available for example Matlab, Power World Simulator (PWS), PSCAD and MiPower but, Mipower is chosen. Because Mipower is best simulation software of power flow studies for bulky network. And also it gives the detailed and accurate result with less time. The Mipower software is the forward-looking simulation equipment in an attempt to develop the load flow analysis. All the power system tools were designed to survive high effectiveness and to resist worst case situation.

This project presents a digital system for transmission/reception of data through existing power lines in mining applications. Power Line Communication (PLC) system uses pre-existing infrastructure and due to the wide availabilities of power lines and communication media for PLC technology, they are preferred over other communication technologies like Satellite, Wireless and Optical fiber communications. In remote areas for High data rate and less cost, an advanced PLC system can be established for communication or a power-grid. Communication over power lines occur through simultaneous transmission of data over AC electric power or power distributions which is then carried across to the end users. The health of miners and workers are of major concern in any mining industry. Toxic gases, like methane and carbon monoxide are one of the vital threats while operating with power based equipment or fuel driven instruments. High concentration (ppm) of gases above safety threshold levels can pose significant risks of health hazards and quality of life of these workers. Therefore, round the clock monitoring of factors that pose serious threats must be implemented. A mine safety monitoring system is proposed in this paper to achieve the safety factors using PIC18 and PLC Modem. Various environmental parameters, such as Temperature Sensor, Gas Sensors, Water Sensors and an Emergency Push Button (for cases of urgent crisis), from underground mine, with the help of sensor node structure is collected by the system and that data is transmitted for processing. If any of the sensors detect extreme variations in the analysed environment data, the system displays “alert messages” with respective LED indications.

Frequency analysis procedure was performed on annual discharge data from River Opeki in Oyo State, Nigeria from 1988 to 2017, utilizing five probability distribution models, to predict flow discharge estimates at 2, 5, 10, 25, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 years return periods. The five models are; Normal, Log-Normal, Gumbel, Log-pearson Type III and Gamma. From the results, Normal distribution predicted discharge values ranging from 8633.35m3/s to 18265.98 m3/s for return periods of 2 to 1000 years. Log- Normal distribution predicted discharge values ranging from 7894.05m3/s to 37748.53 m3/s for return periods of 2 to 1000 years. Gumbel distribution predicted discharge values ranging from 7622.76 m3/s to 24295.78 m3/s for return periods of 2 to 1000 years. Log–Pearson Type III distribution predicted discharge values ranging from 7050.18 m3/s to 72493.66 m3/s for return periods of 2 to 1000 years. Gamma distribution predicted discharge values ranging from 7623.47 m3/s to 21402.47 m3/s for the same return periods. From the results, Gamma distribution was found most suitable for flow estimate of the River, based on the goodness of fit test using chi-squared analysis. Further research on extreme values of rainfall for the study area is recommended.

This paper presents an experimental investigation carried out to study the effect of using tin fibers (obtained from the pop-cans wastes) on enhancing the mechanical properties of plain concrete. It is well known that concrete is mainly used to resist compressive loads and it has very low tensile resistance but adding such fiber to the concrete mixtures can relatively increase its tensile strength. These fibers can bridge the cracks resulted from tensile loads applied to concrete and prevent it from widening. By using the wastes of pop-cans can have double benefit; as from the environmental side it reduces the amount of unused wastes and on the economic side improves the properties of concrete without any extra cost for the concrete production. The experimental program was designed to investigate the effect of adding the tin fibers on three main properties of concrete; compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and flexural strength. The fibers were used at ratios of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% by weight of cement. The results showed that the compressive strength is negatively affected by the addition of the fibers to the mix, while both tensile strength and flexural strength improves by adding the fibers. And for the ratios used within this study, the more the fibers were added the more the tensile and flexural resistance of concrete was increased.

There are two major problems that can occur in power system; these are open circuits fault and short circuits fault. Of the two, short circuit is the most dangerous because it can lead to very high fault currents and these currents can have very substantial effects such as electromechanical forces and thermal heating on equipment that may need replacement of equipment and may even cause fires and other similar ensuing effects in the power system. Building systems are particularly at risk. To prevent problems from short circuits, it is required to design electrical protection systems that will be able to detect abnormal fault currents that may occur and then take remedial action to isolate the faulty section of the system in as short a time as is consistent with the magnitude of the short circuit fault current level. This requires that the fault current be predicted for a fault in any particular location of the power system. This paper described the short circuit analysis of 33/11/0.4 kV Maubin distribution system for various types of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults at different locations. This analysis is done by using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) and has been performed based on International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) – 60909, IEC 61363-1 standards. All the data is collected from 33/11/0.4 kV substation under Ese Maubin.

Cloud computing makes storage outsourcing become a rising trend, which promotes the secure remote data auditing as a blistering topic. Our research considers the problem of secure and proficient public data integrity auditing for shared dynamic data. The existing scheme provides an proficient public integrity auditing with secure group user revocation based on ciphertext policy attribute based encryption (CP-ABE) Commitment. But still this scheme is not consistent for secure group user revocation and also for dynamic cipher text database. In this project, we propose Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-2) that supports dynamic cipher text and proficient user revocation. Additionally this work wrapped up with the properties, such as confidentiality, efficiency, count ability and traceability of secure group user revocation Finally, in the comparison of experimental analysis reduces the security complexity using this proposal.

Optimization study on heat consumption in a rotary cement kiln has been undertaken to make optimum use of heat generated during the pyro process involved in cement clinker production. This research was carried out putting into consideration raw meal quality parameter (sieve analysis and LSF). Most cement plant uses dry process kiln in clinker production. High raw meal residue which is one the major causes of increased heat consumption were critically considered to determine their corresponding effect on heat consumption. During the study, the sieve analysis was conducted to determine the percentage residue for 90µm and 200µm in the raw meal. And the lime saturation factor (LSF) determined using X-ray diffraction machine. All this was carried in the raw meal for production day 1 and production 2. However, the effect of residue and LSF on specific heat consumption was analysed using simplex method of linear programming and duality method. TORA software was used to eliminate human error that could arise using manual calculation and to ensure accuracy. During the sensitivity analysis, the values LSF was varied for 94%, 95% and that of residue for 1.5% and 2% to determine the corresponding on specific heat consumption. During the sensivity analysis, at 94% LSF and 1.5% residue specific heat consumption of 721.40kcal/kg was obtained. And 729.54kcal/kg for 94% LSF and 1.5% residue. 748.31kcal/kg for 95% LSF and 2% residue. From all the solutions obtained as stated above, it can be seen that the best optimal solution of 721.40kcal/kg of clinker at 94% LSF and 1.5% residue. By way of extension, the sensitivity analysis done revealed the critical parameter that must be monitored is the material particle size (coarseness) in order to achieved low fuel consumption and increase in clinker production. This allows the particles to react together within the time and temperature conditions in the kiln due to increase in surface area. Coarser particles require a higher reaction temperature and are likely to form relicts of the larger particles they originate from as alite and belite cluster

Detecting changes from remote sensing data is essential to environmental monitoring. As the cultivation is central to the civilian economy in Myanmar, the lives of people in Myanmar depend heavily on water resources. Hence, it is required to monitor the changes in the river course flow. Detecting changes using remote sensing data reduces labor costs, time and raises the limits of ground surveys. In this paper, detecting the changes in rivers course using Google Earth satellite imagery is proposed. In this work, the riverregions and the sandbank regions are firstly segmented by means of heuristics according to the Sobel method and the threshold method. These segmented images are enhanced with contrast stretching. Then, HSV histogram features, color autocorrelation features, color moments features, Gabor wavelet features, and wavelet transform features are extracted from the segmented area. Next, multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) is applied to classify river areas, sandbank areas, and other areas based on derived features.Then, the classified river regions are detected for changes. Finally, the change rulesare applied to extract the change map of input pair of RGB satellite images between the years 2004 to 2017. Experimental results show that the proposed system provides good performance results in river change detection.

The study was designed to investigate the relationship between Mathematics test anxiety and achievement of SS3 students in Kafanchan Educational Zone, Kaduna state. The research was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. These hypotheses were formulated based on the two research questions and were tested at 0.05alpha level of significance. Correlational survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 420 senior school three students, comprising 210 male students and 210 female students were used for the study. A simple random Sampling technique was used to select the sample. Two instruments were used in gathering data, for the study. The instruments were; the Mathematics Test Anxiety Scale (MTAS) and Mathematics Achievement Scores (MAS). The instruments are 4-point Likert type Scales. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient (r), mean and standard deviation. Test of significance difference in hypotheses was tested, using t-test with SPSS software. The results from the data analyzed revealed that; there was a negative relationship between test anxiety and achievement of students in Mathematics and there was no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female students. The educational implications were pointed out and the following recommendations were made; teachers should always find ways of creating and sustaining moderate test anxiety on the students, it is worthwhile to find out the source and level of test anxiety these students have and if they are not really interested in acquiring knowledge but in passing their test, among others.

The research focuses on implementation of a wireless method that varies the light intensity of lighting points of indoor units. The major components used are HT12E Encoder, HT12D decoder, an RF transmitter module, an RF receiver module, a switching circuit (BC547 NPN transistor) and relays. The decoder sends the signals in binary form to the RF transmitter which transmits the signal using a radio frequency of 433MHz. The RF receiver intercepts the signal sent from the transmitter. The decoder interprets the signal and sends it to the relays which send different voltages to load according to the sent instructions. The intensity of the lighting varies accordingly, based on the signal sent from the encoder.

The MicroFinance Management Application is a software developed to cater for the need of a Micro Finance Bank. The Application has the Administrator and Customer interfaces. The Administrator interface sets up loans, gives loan approvals, checks total saving and withdrawals for the organization, handles active and paid loans, handles SMS and other Company settings. The Customer interface creates customer accounts, obtains their details, handles customer savings, withdrawals, loan applications, and bookings, The application is run online and is used by Javascript based browsers. The Application was written in ASP.NET MVC and the GUI application was written using C-sharp programming.

This paper presents a rule based approach for extracting pairs of aspects and opinion words from informal user reviews written in Myanmar language. The system analyses hotel user reviews collected from hotel sites. The task of aspect level opinion mining mainly depends on identifying the relatedness between the aspects and opinion words in the reviews. Thus, it is an important fundamental task of aspect level opinion mining. It is one of the challenges because of informal writing styles of reviews. Especially it is a difficult task of aspects and opinion words extraction for Myanmar reviews due to the nature of Myanmar language. Firstly, the frequent nouns and noun phrases are identified as the aspects. Then, our focus is for extracting the relevant pairs of aspects and opinion words by using the linguistic rules