Volume VIII Issue VIII

Robots are able to move themselves anywhere and they can carry out a variety of applications. Designing a mobile robot with special capabilities has become a trend these days and also fits well with the needs and nature of the human lifestyle. This research is focused on the balancing and stability control of two wheeled robot basically lie on the inclination angle. A two wheeled balancing robot can be controlled by using tilt angle data from accelerometer and gyroscope. The purpose of complementary filter is implemented in fusion of gyroscope and accelerometer readings to obtain more accurate tilt angle measurement of the robot. The PID controller is implemented in the robot control system to control the speed of the motor based on the feedback tilt angle data from complementary filter for balancing purpose.

Inflorescences of Amhat date palms were sprayed with commercial product namely Vitamin-x contains 9 % mixture of some vitamins and 4% potassium oxide. Inflorescences were sprayed with vitamin-x at 2% once (at the pollination time), or twice (at the pollination time then one month later), or three times (at pollination time then one month later and finally at one month before harvest time). Results clear that vitamin–x treatments had a positive effect on fruit set, fruit retention, bunch weight, yield per palm, fruit physical and chemical characteristics of Amhat date palms. The promising treatment was foliar spray with vitamin–x three times, followed by foliar spray twice.

The adsorptive power of organic waste products, namely, potato peel, mosambi peel and banana peel was investigated using three separate dye solutions in demineralised water. The dyes used were Methylene Blue, Malachite Green and Methyl Orange. The adsorption capacity was quantified by studying the relative change in concentration of the solutions using UV spectrometry. Mosambi peels were found to have the best adsorption capacity with regards to Malachite Green and Methylene blue and the process followed Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherm for the former and Temkin adsorption isotherm for the latter dye. For Methyl Orange, the best adsorption capacity was shown by potato peels where the process followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Milk is very valuable food, readily digested and absorbed. It consists of nutrients, which are needed for proper growth and maintenance of body. Milk and milk products form a significant part of the diet and a substantial amount of our food expenditures goes on milk and other dairy products. In Pakistan, milk is transported from the point of production to consumers and processing plants by middlemen called "Gawalas". They don't maintain proper hygienic conditions during this transport, which leads to increase the total viable bacterial count. They also adulterate milk to increase their profit margin by several chemicals like urea, starch, flour, cane sugar, vegetable oils, detergents etc. Various preservatives like formalin and some antibiotics are also added in milk to increase its shelf life. This addition decreases the nutritive value of milk. These adulterants, preservatives and drugs in milk cause very serious health related problems. This paper detects various types of adulteration present in the milk.

This paper is written to put forward the facts and findings obtained from the test of a Francis turbine setup in the hydraulic lab of YTU. The purpose of the test is to draw the performance curves of the turbine. Since the supply head of the turbine cannot be specifically set it is run under pressure head 15 feet with its gates kept open at eight different positions. The performance curves obtained show that the maximum efficiency at 15 feet is approximately 80 percent. A maximum output of 2.3 b.h.p was obtained under the experimental conditions. The results obtained were graphically plotted and the curves obtained are known as constant head characteristics curve. This paper focuses mainly on the experimental analysis to get actual performance characteristics curves.The brake horse power is calculated for each part loads. After the completion of the experiment, a curve is plotted between unit discharge and unit speed for Francis turbine in every gate opening. This curves represent only for 60%, 70%, 75% and 78% with five different gate opening. The curves between efficiency and unit power are rising curves significantly in 75% gate opening and 50% gate opening. The unit brake power is optimum in 75% gate opening. Also it is being that the same efficiencies curves at different speed and discharge in each of gate opening. Furthermore, it was mentioned the curves were plotted with unit speed and efficiency and with unit power and efficiency too.

This paper presents about analysis of rainfall data. Rainfall analysis is prerequisite for designing efficient storm water management system. In this paper, Mawlaik, Hakha, and Homalinare selected as the study areas. Rainfall data of the study areas are collected from Department of Meteorology and Hydrology in Myanmar. Thus, annual rainfall, climate change analysis and probability analysis for one day maximum rainfall are performed. The moving average, semi average method and probability analysis by Weibull formula are adopted. Moving average method is used to identify the long term trend lines and, 3 and 5 year moving average trend lines are generated. Semi average method is adopted to obtain the straight line trends.From the result of annual rainfall analysis, maximum annual rainfall, minimum annual rainfall and average annual rainfall are obtained for each study area. According to the probability analysis for one day maximum rainfall using Weibull formula, probability of one day maximum rainfall occurrence for selected areas are obtained.

In this paper, a systematic method is used to discover the traffic flow rate, the purpose of creating this paper is to discover the problems caused by the vehicular traffic and the solution regarding to this is being generated. This paper includes the survey of number of vehicles at peak hour of the day; it will help in defining the value of vehicles per hour, their distribution in terms of wheels and Level of Service. The vehicular density is distributed in terms of their wheels and the growths in vehicles are also calculated and the level of service for each of the path has found by comparing the current passenger car unit values to the previous year passenger car unit values to find the impact on the Level of service of the flow. An effort has made to justify all of the work by presenting the values in terms of graphs and pie and bar charts.

Milk is a pale liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrums, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Milk contains many other nutrients and the carbohydrate lactose. An emulsion is a suspension of droplets of one liquid into another liquid. Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. Butter is an emulsion of water in fat. The solute is known as the dispersed phase and the solvent is known as the continuous phase. Other examples of emulsions include margarine, mayonnaise, cream, and salad dressing. A colloidal solution is when matter exists in a state of division in between a true solution, which is sugar in water, and a suspension, which is chalk in water. The characteristics of a colloid are small particle size, electrical charge, and affinity of the particles for water molecules. In milk, the whey proteins are in colloidal solution. This paper detects various types of adulteration present in milk products.

Milk is a pale liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrums, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Milk contains many other nutrients and the carbohydrate lactose. An emulsion is a suspension of droplets of one liquid into another liquid. Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. Butter is an emulsion of water in fat. The solute is known as the dispersed phase and the solvent is known as the continuous phase. Other examples of emulsions include margarine, mayonnaise, cream, and salad dressing. A colloidal solution is when matter exists in a state of division in between a true solution, which is sugar in water, and a suspension, which is chalk in water. The characteristics of a colloid are small particle size, electrical charge, and affinity of the particles for water molecules. In milk, the whey proteins are in colloidal solution. This paper detects various types of adulteration present in khoa.

Milk is a pale liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrums, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Milk contains many other nutrients and the carbohydrate lactose. An emulsion is a suspension of droplets of one liquid into another liquid. Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. Butter is an emulsion of water in fat. The solute is known as the dispersed phase and the solvent is known as the continuous phase. Other examples of emulsions include margarine, mayonnaise, cream, and salad dressing. A colloidal solution is when matter exists in a state of division in between a true solution, which is sugar in water, and a suspension, which is chalk in water. The characteristics of a colloid are small particle size, electrical charge, and affinity of the particles for water molecules. In milk, the whey proteins are in colloidal solution. This paper detects various types of adulteration present in butter.

Most of the power electronics equipment are nonlinear nature; the harmonic distortion in the power system according to this is appeared. It has become to decrease the power quality. The harmonic resonant may become unpredictable and variable in a renewable generated electric power system due to a large number of household capacitors and inverter output capacitors. So, the harmonic filters for power system are considered to reduce the harmonic effects. There are two types of harmonic filters as passive and active filter. In this thesis, the design and application of active harmonic filter is presented for industrial application. This paper is studied the application of active harmonic filter at industries to suppress power system harmonics and to improve power quality. The active harmonic filter is designed in detail with hysteresis control for industries. The principal of operation, theoretical analysis, simulation results with the designed active harmonic filter are presented. The designed circuit is intended to provide nearly zero THD at industrial application. The complete design calculations and the simulation model construction are done with the international standards and regulations. The necessary theory and equations are also described. The performance analysis of the designed circuit is executed by Matlab software.

Computer networks have become extremely important in our present-day society. University already has a computer network infrastructure to support various activities both administrative and academic. Networking is one of the most essential ways of sharing information and eLearning. In this paper, a network design is implemented to connect the different networks in a department and to get full knowledge of WLANs and the basic processes of designing a campus WLAN. MikroTik router is used to interface the different networks. Cisco wireless router is used for the wireless network access in the network.

In this digital world, color processing gives us a greater impact in different industries to solve the consistency issue of continuous manual sorting. This paper will be a new approach to recognize and sort the objects continuously and keep them in a designated location. Nowadays, image or colors processing attract massive attention as it leads to possibility of widening scope of application in different field with the help of modern technology. A color sorter is researched, designed and created with Arduino Mega microcontroller, TCS230 color sensor, servo motor and other electronic components. This work involves sensors that sense the object’s color and sends the signal to the Arduino. The microcontroller sends signal to circuit which drives the various motors to allow the object and place it in the specified location. Based upon the detection, the hole moves to the specified location, releases the object and comes back to the original position. The system has the ability to sort the object according to their colors into respective color station in minimum time.

Malaria is the major cause of mortality and morbidity an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium species. In a bid to address the health problems posed by malaria especially in tropical regions, plants are progressively being resorted to. This study aimed at evaluating the anti-plasmodial and toxicological effects of *Moringa oleifera* and *Annona muricata* ethanolic leaves extracts in albino rats. The plant extracts were carried out using the modified soxhlet extraction method. The phyto-constituents of plants make them a source of therapeutic agents for the treatment of malaria. In this study, the experimental animals were all (except for the normal control) inoculated with 2 X 107/ml *Plasmodium berghei* infected erythrocytes as described by Ryles and Peters. The infection was confirmed by viewing the Giemsa – stain blood smear obtained from the tail of the infected mouse and studied under the microscope. This was established by the fourth day. The animals were treated with the plant extracts doses of 100, 300, 500, 800 and 1000mg/kg body weight and reference drug (combisunate 10mg/kg). curative effects and hematological investigations were carried out after five days of administration with blood samples obtained from the animals through the cardiac venous puncture. The results showed that there was reduction in the parasitemia level of the treated groups relative to the untreated control which was significant at p<0.05. Except for the groups treated with *Moringa* oleifera leaves. The hematological tests revealed a decrease in PCV, Hemoglobin concentration, Neutrophil and RBC and an increase in total WBC and Lymphocytes count of the treated groups compared with the normal control. This suggested that the pathological changes in the blood were corrected on treatment with the extracts. Hence, it can be inferred that *Moringa oleifera* has low or no anti-plasmodial effect, whereas *Annona muricata* showed moderate anti-plasmodial activity against *P. berghei* and when further researched on can serve as a base for new anti-malaria drug.

I. INTRODUCTION Pergularia daemia is a creeper plant of family Apocynaceae(sub family:Asclepiadaceae). It is present wild in deciduous forest throughout India, commonly known as veliparuthi in Tamil. The plant is commonly known as veliparuthi (Tamil, Malayalam), utranajutuka (hindi), uttaravani (Sanskrit), gurichettu(telugu), haalu koratige (kannada), uturhi(Marathi, oriya). Pergularia daemia is a significant plant found allover in India. The whole herb is medicinally used1. It is a hispid perennial herb that grows along the roadsides of India and other tropical and subtropical regions. The leaves are opposite and broadly ovate to sub orbicular , variable in size, with petioles of varying length. The leaves are almost glabrous above and velvety below. Traditionally the whole plant is used as anti inflammatory2, antipyretic4, anthelmintic5, laxative and expectorant. The root of the plant is effective in treating convulsions, asthma, popisoning, mental disorder, anaemia, leprosy and piles. Dried leaf of the plant is used as an emetic agent, effective in treating rheumatic fever, bronchitis, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea. Fresh roots and shoots are useful in treatment of whooping cough. The shoots of the plant are considered to be an effective agent for abortion. stem bark is used in the treatment of malaria and twig is effective as antipyretic agent and a good appetizer. All these therapeutic potentiality of Pergularia daemia may be attributed to the presence of its phytochemical constituents which are not yet explored thoroughly. The aerial part of the plant was subjected for phytochemical analysis and quantitative determination of organic compounds in it as this part is important for its CNS depressant activity6. Various genetic, biological and environmental factors are responsible for the neurological disorders. The synthetic drugs used for it may produce serious adverse effects and interactions. On the basis of above findings, it was marked to investigate the CNS depressant effect of the root bark extracts of Pergularia daemia using various experimental models7.

Fifty years’ daily Precipitation data (1966-2015) for Jos south LGA were used to derive six important Precipitation Effectiveness Indices: onset, cessation and length of rainy season, annual rainfalland anomalous precipitation pattern as well as forecasted anomalous years within the study period (2016-2035).The derived indices were subjected to time series analysis to determine the trend in their occurrences in the face of the current global climate change.Trend lines and linear trend line equations for each of the parameters were fitted to show the direction of change. Results of analysis showed that mean onset date was 15th of April while mean cessation date was 25th of September. This implies that the rainy season starts early in recent times while cessation dates arrive late. Consequently, the length of rainy season is long. This showed that the trend of onset and cessation dates and length of rainy season are characterized by marked variability. Additionally,long term mean rainfall was 1266.54 mm. Maximum rainfall occurred in 1969 (1720.3 mm) while the minimum was 814 mm in 1995. Results revealed a decline in precipitation; its intensity, amount and duration in Jos South.The result of forecasting anomalous years for twenty years (2016-2035) showed a decreasing rainfall as signified by the negative trend line equation of y= -9.2709x + 1106.8. This implies a decline in precipitation; its intensity, amount and duration in Jos South. The highest forecasted rainfall was 1297.82mm in 2017 while the lowest was 833.76mm in 2022. The years below forecasted mean, indicates that rainfall anomalies were fluctuating drastically, which as a result, could increase periods of dry spells and drought occurrences in the study area. These are all indications of climate change syndrome. It can be recommended that continuous data acquisition should be encouraged in areas where none existed, public enlightenment on the impacts of climate change, adopting new hybrids of short-duration crop varieties in cases of fluctuating trends, early planting and establishment of dam sites will minimize impacts of these changes on livelihood.

The research emphasizes on “Dosage of high range water reducing admixture influence on the strength of mortar and concrete”. Sikament–9 is used as a High Range Water Reducing (HRWR) admixture. In this research, the physical properties of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are firstly determined according to ASTM procedure. The 1:2.75 cement mortar is used to determine the compressive strength and 1:3 is used for tensile strength. The strength of mortar with cement only and with different dosages of HRWR admixtures are tested at 3 days, 7 days, 28 days and 91 days. To evaluate the dosage influence on strength of mortar, 0.8%, 1.6%, 1.65%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.4% and 2.7% dosages of HRWR are used. Based on w/c obtained from flow table test and normal consistency test, compressive and tensile strengths of mortar are tested. And then, mix design is calculated without and with various dosages of HRWR admixtures for target strength of concrete 34.5 MPa by using ACI method. According to the slump limit, two different w/c ratios 0.396 and 0.346 are used in concrete strength test. After that the samples are tested for 3, 7 and 28 days compressive strength of concrete.

Electricity is an important role for development of the country. On the other hand, it is crucial to develop clean renewable energy sources due to the pending exhaustion of fossil fuels and to their environmental impact. Due to easily accessible from everywhere on earth surface, solar energy is one of the most favorable renewable sources. Because of using photovoltaic for electricity is costly and thus such application is limited in practice, solar-thermal power generation is focused in this paper. The design and simulation of Quasi-flat Linear Permanent Magnet Generator driven by Stirling engine are supported to improve the existing solar-thermal electricity generation systems. In this paper, Quasi-flat Linear Permanent Magnet Generator is designed based on the expected output power and the solar irradiance characteristic at the placement site. The generator design is intended to generate maximum power for 24kW. Modeling of linear generator is described and simulation results of performance analyses are also tabulated by Finite Element Magnetic Method. The analysis of magnetic flux density and intensity were not approached to zero limit and lower values that are respectively 0.5T in stator core and 2e+005Amp/m in rotor core by using NdFeB magnet which its circulation of flux value is good condition than other magnets. According to the performance analysis, the design of generator is feasible and acceptable.

This paper intends to recognize the human face based on principal component analysis (PCA) using MATLAB for security control system. Face recognition was one of the most interesting technologies in so many different fields such as computer vision in the last three decades. It had also been researched with so many methods. Face is the most memorable part of the body in real life. So, in this research Viola-Jones is used to detect the face detection and human face is recognized with Euclidean distances of Eigen facesbecause PCA algorithm reduces the dimension and also increases the speed of the recognition rates. The algorithm has been generated and tested with PCA and MATLAB.

This paper presents the design of multistage centrifugal pump which can be used in mountain-water distribution system. Type of pump is seven stage centrifugal pump with closed impeller and it can develop a head of 140 m and deliver 0.025 m3/s of water. The designed impeller has 88 mm inlet diameter, 146 mm outlet diameter, 18° inlet vane angle and 23° outlet vane angle. The number of vanes is 9 and input shaft power is 48.35 kW. The inlet width and outlet width are 29 mm and 23 mm respectively. The discharge diameter is 80 mm to operate the designed head and capacity. The predicted maximum efficiency is nearly 65% and the expressed actual efficiency of designed pump is 63%. Therefore, the designed efficiency has a satisfactory value. The designed multistage centrifugal pump can fulfill the requirements of water distribution system for high mountain or far from the lake, and domestic usage in multistory building.

This paper intends to detect and track the human face in real time by using MATLAB. Face detection and tracking systems have received increasing interest in the last decade. In the previous research, the webcam sent video frames to OpenCV running on a Windows PC. OpenCV detected a face, it tracked it and calculated its centre’s X, Y coordinates. In this research, the detection and tracking of human face are performed using only MATLAB programming. And then the robot is implemented together make with Viola-Jones face detection algorithm and it tracks the movement of a face from the video stream by using centre base method. In order to get these functions, the two servo motors are used as actuators for moving the ordinate control system. The performance of this research is successfully tested with both simulation and experimental results.

The problem associated with tuning techniques of the PID controller is considered in this paper. Many tuning methods such as Ziegler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon, and Lambda have been proposed to tune the gains of PID controllers, but being trial and error method they are time-consuming and cannot be implemented online. In this paper, a PID controller was tuned using estimated parameters of moment of inertia and friction coefficient of a DC servomotor under dynamic load variation. Several simulations were run to evaluate the performance of the system. The comparative analysis between parameter estimation based PID controller and Ziegler-Nichols based PID controller shows that, the Parameter Estimation based PID controller rises faster and settles quicker. For instance, rise time and settling time of the Parameter Estimation based PID controller are 0.3s and 0.6s respectively, while the rise time and settling time of the Ziegler-Nichols based PID controller are 1.2s and 2s respectively with desired speed of 4000rpm under 0.5Nm load torque. Robustness to load changes and disturbance were achieved together with fast error convergences when compared with Ziegler Nichols based PID controller.

Root cause analysis(RCA) is a method of problem solving used for identifying the root causes of faults or problems. RCA is a methodology to identify and correct the root causes of events, rather than to simply address the symptomatic result. Focusing correction on root causes has the goal of entirely preventing problem recurrence. Conversely, RCFA (root cause failure analysis) recognizes complete prevention of recurrence by one corrective action is not always possible.RCA is typically used as a reactive method of identifying events, causes, revealing problems and solving them. Analysis is done after an event has occurred. RCA can be used to forecast or predict probable events even before they occur. RCA comprises many different tools, processes and philosophies. CATIA V5 R20,3D-Tetramesh,ANSYS 14. This paper presents root cause analysis of swing machinery carried out theoretically and obtained results were validated using ANSYS 14 software.

This paper attempts to achieve automatic control solution is suggested to control the fan speed. A circuit with LM35DZ temperature sensor, Arduino UNO as a main processor, and few of electronic components is designed and implemented to control the fan speed automatically. A fan speed control has been designed and constructed based on LM35DZ as the temperature sensing device. The microcontroller (MCU) ATMega8/168/328 allows dynamic and faster control and the LCD makes the system user-friendly. Sensed temperature and fan speed levels are simultaneously displayed on the LCD panel.

An experimental study was conducted to characterize Akala (*Rubus Hawaiensis*), Mahogany (*Khaya Senegalensis*), Teak (*Tectona Grindis*) and Iroko (*Milicea Excelsa*)Masonia (*Mansoniaaltissima*), Ahun (*Alstonia boonei*), Gmelina (*Gmelinaarborea*) charcoals. Thecharcoals were sourced from Ado Ekiti (South Western Nigeria).The proximateand ultimate analyses involving the determination of moisture content, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon and calorific value were carried for the selected charcoals. The charcoals samples were produced using slow pyrolysis method.Thecalorific values of Mahogany (26.266 MJ/kg), Akala (26.074 MJ/kg), Iroko (25.951 MJ/kg), while the teakh as the highest value of (27.878 MJ/kg).Ash contents of the selected charcoals are within the limit required for Ajaokuta coke (≤ 13.45 %) and this may result in decreased consumption rate of the selected charcoals and higher efficiency of the metallurgical process. Teak has the least moisture content followed by Akala, Mahogany and Iroko. The sulphur content is low for all the selected charcoals and this may prevent the metal from splitting when forged. Analysis of variance was carried and results showed that there are significant differences in calorific values and moisture contents of the test samples both between and within the seven selected wood species (p<0.05). From the analysis, charcoal from Teak is the most preferred for metallurgical purpose followed by Mahogany, Akala and Iroko. Alternative fuel for cupola furnace in iron melting industries has been a major challenge in Nigeria. From this study, it is evident that Teak with the highest calorific value and with other comparatively good properties is mostpreferred to other available selected charcoaland hence the need for sustainable plantation of this specie of tree in the study area.

It all began in 1948, when, the than Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru asked Raghunanandan Saran to set up an automobile plant in Chennai. The plant named after Saran’s son ‘Ashok Motors’. It started assembling Austin cars. The plant was set up in Ennore near the sea shore which was not a wise decision, as, it would be seen later on that it corroded the metal.

Steel is used widely in structures due to its low cost and good mechanical strength. The main problem is destruction of materials caused by the chemical or electrochemical action of the surrounding environment which is known as corrosion. The environmental parameters such as time of wetness, temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall are the main parameters that cause the atmospheric corrosion. These parameters are measured according to ISO 9225. Chloride deposition rate is studied as pollutant. In study area, the corrosivity class is C3-C4 according to ISO 9223.

In recent years, many scholars have paid attention to find the solution of advance problems of biology, physiology, medicine, economics, engineering and physical sciences by using integral transforms. In this paper, Sawi transform is used for population growth and decay problems. These problems have much importance in the field of economics, chemistry, biology, physics, social science and zoology. We have given some numerical applications to explain the effectiveness of Sawi transform for population growth and decay problems. Results prove that Sawi transform is quite useful for finding the solution of population growth and decay problems.

This project is to design and construct Car Park Management System Using RFID. Parking space issues are major in most cities. The limited availability of parking space results in traffic congestion, air pollution, time consuming as well as economy of the nation. The price for parking growth is typically prohibitively high. All on top of numerous issues will be overcome by constructing a park that's embedded with Wireless sensing element Network Technology. Car park management systems operate by observing the available parking space and creating that info on LCD screen to users and facility directors. The prototype contains system architecture, software, hardware including its implementation phase. Our goal is to construct a car park system which is equipped with sensors and provides surveillance. We are developing a novel miniaturized modular platform for wireless sensor networks. The system design, hardware and software system are going to be mentioned moreover as details of the readying situation chosen for the model of a parking area management system.

Cairo was subjected to many rapid urban transformations which resulted in the growth and change of the urban areas of the city. The area of Maspero Triangle regionis considered to be one of the insecure areas in Cairo Governorate.Despite the geographical location of the area and its history dating back to the Mamlukera, the region suffered from neglect. Although the fact that investors interested in developing the regionacquired an estimated 75% in 2018, ISDF prepared a proposed plan for Maspero regionafter the completion of the removal of the residential area. The aim of this research is to evaluate the proposed plan in view of the region history and its old identity.

Jhumpa Lahiri is a notable second generation American writer of Indian origin. She was born in1967 in London. She grew up in Rhode Island in America. Lahiri's collection of her short stories, Interpreter of Maladies won her prestigious Pulitzer Prize in the year 2000. It is a collection of nine short stories set in India and the United States. The two main themes of the stories are the emotional anguish and nostalgia for the homeland. As a child of immigrant parents, Lahiri has undergone the experience of living two lives-one in India and the other in America. The Namesake throws light on the cultural dilemmas of the immigrant characters in foreign lands.