Volume XII Issue VII

Training and development is a continuous exercise which aim at developing competences and enhance the individual’s capacity to contribute optimally to the development of the organisation. The aim of this study is to examine training and development as a means of driving agro-industry capacity in Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The study was carried out in three states in southwest Nigeria. Multi stage sampling techniques was adopted to select 150 respondents in five Agro-Based industries (i.e. salt processing industry, production of flour, Maida and semolina, fruits processing industries, milk processing industries and seed processing and preservation industries). The necessary data were gathered with the aid of questionnaire distributed to 150 respondents in selected industries. The psychometric property (reliability and validity) of the instrument of data collection (questionnaire) were tested using Cronbach alpha and component factor analysis respectively. The data were analysed by means of simple linear regression with the aid of SPSS. It was revealed from the result of the analysis that there exist a positive significant relationship between Agro-processing industry and Training and Development in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommends that massive awareness should be made by Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute in order to enhance agro industry capacity in Nigeria and the Training institute should run efficient and effective mandatory training programmes bi-annually.

At present, paper currency is the major medium of exchange. Alongside there are different transaction carrier systems such as online or card-based payment. But questions come, how much money can you carry with you? Isn’t the paper currency going to be old-fashioned? In this paper, we will show the history of money evolution, criteria for the long circulation of money (e.g., durability, divisibility, transportability, and non-counterfeit ability), existing transaction systems in the world, and some proposed payment systems instead of physical money. Finally, we motivate an approach of the Cryptocurrency model for Near Field Peer-to-Peer Payment System (NF3PS) from the perspective of Bangladesh Bank’s rules & regulations which will show the possibility of the next revolution from paper currency to virtual currency

All the historical structures of today's Narayanganj city have been eroded by terrible clutch. These structures include the magnificent structures of the Sultanate, Mughal and British Colonial periods. Among these structures, the ones that still survive against the adversities of nature and man-made factors inspire wonder in the minds of tourists and archaeologists. One such sight-seeing structure of the Mughal era is the complex, which includes Bibi Mariam's tomb and mosque. Complexity is a wrong idea. It is correct to say that Bibi Mariam's fort is impressive in both appearance and overall consideration. Bibi Mariam's tomb and mosque complex consists of several structures. The status of these establishments is neither greater nor lesser than that of the others. Recognized as Mughal structures, these structures stand with dignity. These structures have survived from age to age. Adequate intervention should be taken in that regard. Otherwise, the identity of this establishment, i.e., time, place, and time, cannot be presented to the new generation in the coming days.Due to the superstitious mentality of the local people, a lot of ornamentation is seen in tombs or mosques.Over time, these structures have been discussed or considered as ancient resources. A lot of decay is seen in the structures. Therefore, it is very important to know one thing for the restoration of these aesthetic structures, and that is to follow the right rules for conservation, compilation, and reconstruction. Bangladesh's historical structures, in particular, face threats and disasters as a result of an identity crisis and inappropriate reconstruction.Complex has the same situation. The building is currently in a state of disrepair. The establishment has lost much of its appeal. This article presents extensive documentation of Bibi Mariam's tomb and mosque complex. Apart from that, it sheds light on how this ancient structure can be brought to the public and preserved.

Investors are confronted with the difficulties or issues of settling on a choice as far as deciding when to contribute, regardless of whether to contribute. An investor can reduce decision-related risk by using financial reporting information. the study aims to investigate the impact of corporate financial reporting on investors’ confidence using some quoted industrial companies in Nigeria. The study used secondary data by adopting an ex-post factor resign design through the use of a purposive sampling technique to select ten (10) listed industrial companies from the Nigeria Group Exchange. The paper was analyzed using descriptive and panel regression analysis. The study result found that corporate financial reporting significantly affects investors’ confidence (Adj. R2 = 0.541; F statistics = 4.73; p-value = 0.004). Audit firm size moderately affects the effect of corporate financial reporting on investor confidence in some listed industrial companies in Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.579; F statistic =5.18, p-value =0.001). Thus, the study recommended that investors maintain their current confidence level. Also, the investors, as well as the managers, can work on developing the legal framework for corporate financial reporting in light of the suggested framework being developed, and finally inspiring financial reporting, managerial, institutional and regulatory studies and research that lead to the best practices for meeting compliance obligations.

Protection of critical civilian infrastructure from high altitude electromagnetic pulse at nuclear explosion (HEMP) is significantly different from the protection of military facilities. Attempts to use well-known military protection means in the civilian sector have therefore failed. The article analyzes these features and describes new technical solutions designed by author specifically for civilian infrastructure.

Online purchasing is not recent trend but non store based retailing is flourishing. People are approaching this period of isolation and uncertainty is in huge overnight changes to their shopping behaviors. From bulk-buying to online shopping, people are changing what they’re buying, when, and how. The overall purpose of this research project was to examine the non-store-based shopping practices of university students. Specifically, a survey was conducted to find out whether a relationship exists between personal characteristics, motivations, and satisfaction of students who shop at non-store-based retailers. A judgmental sample of 241 university students was administered a questionnaire which took approximately 15 minutes to complete. Chi Square and Regression revealed main effects for gender and satisfaction with the non-store-based shopping experience; there were no significant effects found between personal characteristics and motivations to shop at non-store-based retailers. Main effects were found for satisfaction with payment method, gender, and employment.

This paper presents system modelling and simulation of lithium battery pack with passive cell balancing technique. A battery pack of 57.6 V, 27 Ah is modelled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The balancing algorithm is triggered whenever the difference in State of charge (SoC) of series connected cells modules exceeds the threshold value of 0.1% of SoC. The balancing algorithm also provides an optimum value of shunt resistor value which is selected based on time taken to balance the cells and minimum power consumption. Graphs of balancing time and power consumption versus resistor value were obtained. A shunt resistor of 4 Ω chosen as an optimum value among a set of resistors as its balancing time of 9636.9s and power loss of 26.2462W was satisfactory. The performance of battery pack was analyzed during charging phase using Constant Charging- Constant Voltage (CC-CV) approach and discharging at constant current of 20A.

The industrial sector is seriously threatened by high energy costs brought on by inefficient energy use. Energy, together with labor and raw materials, make up the majority of production costs in the textile industry. As a result, the only real way for the textile industry to turn a profit and maintain its competitiveness is to reduce its energy costs through energy conservation measures and energy management strategies. The main objective of the study was to investigate energy utilization in textile manufacturing plant and identify energy saving and conservation measures that help reduce energy costs. In the current work, energy investigation was carried out to determine performance of high energy consuming utility systems and equipment such as compressed air systems, boilers, motors, lighting systems and steam distribution systems. Boiler flue gas analysis test, air compressor air leak test, heat loss analysis for steam distribution system, motor load assessment and load variation trends in air compressor were done. Energy utilization analysis showed that high electricity consumption occurs in spinning (48%), followed by weaving (26%) and wet processing (22%). Statistical analysis of energy consumption in spinning, weaving and wet processing showed linear relationship between production and energy consumption with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.782, 0.708 and 0.637 respectively which reveals that there continues to be a large potential of energy efficiency across all the major textile manufacturing processes in the plant. The study found potential savings in electric energy to be approximately 367,784 kWh/year, wood fuel savings 1,219 tones/year and furnace oil savings to be 22,275 L/year. The results displayed 31.6% overall energy cost saving potential with an average simple payback period of 0.5 years on the investigated high energy consuming utility systems and equipment. In conclusion, significant energy savings in the sector might be attained by implementing free or inexpensive investments including sealing air and steam leaks, insulating bare pipes, and properly drying wood fuel.

Cocoa is an important cash crop obtained from the beans of the Theobroma cacao tree belonging to the family Malvaceae. Its products are rich in several classes of phenolic compounds such as Flavanols, procyanidins, and anthocyanins. These compounds are attributed to copious health benefits. In addition to the bioactive compounds, cocoa contains heavy metals whose origin and levels depend on natural and anthropogenic activities. Beyond permissible limits, these metals are linked to deleterious damage to several systems in the human body. This study aims to determine the concentration of some heavy metals in Cocoa products and compare the levels with the permissible exposure limits stipulated by international health agencies. This was achieved by wet digestion of the strategically sampled cocoa products and their analysis using the atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The average concentration of Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn) in cocoa powder was 0.154±0.021, 0.270±0.037, 0.794±0.063, and 0.334±0.015 respectively. The average concentration of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn in cocoa butter was 0.329±0.008, 0.028±0.038, 0.116±0.075, and 0.124±0.008 respectively. The average concentration of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn in chocolate milk was 0.463±0.003, 0.042±0.066, 0.296±0.015, and 0.162±0.010 respectively. Cadmium levels were below the detection limit in all the samples. The results obtained in all the samples were within the WHO and KEBS permissible levels in food products.