00
Days
00
Hrs
00
Min
00
Sec
Submit Your Paper

Organizational Commitment, Personality Domains, and Self- Regulations: A Structural Equation Model on Work Engagement among Public Secondary School Teachers

Authors

Josephine A. Mamparo

University of Mindanao (PH)

Elizabeth M. Malonzo

University of Mindanao (PH)

Article Information

DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2024.131208

Subject Category: Educational Psychology

Volume/Issue: 13/12 | Page No: 75-95

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2025-01-08

Published: 2025-01-08

Abstract

This study identified the best-fit model for work engagement among public secondary school teachers in the Davao Region, Philippines, by examining the influence of organizational commitment, personality domains, and self-regulation. Using a stratified sampling technique, data were collected from 400 teachers and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive research design was employed, with statistical tools including mean, standard deviation, Pearson product-moment correlation, and SEM. The results revealed that the levels of organizational commitment, personality domains, self-regulation, and work engagement among teachers were all very high. Additionally, while no significant relationship was found between organizational commitment and work engagement or between self-regulation and work engagement, a significant relationship was observed between personality domains and work engagement. Furthermore, the study identified Model 3 as the best fit for explaining work engagement, highlighting the roles of organizational commitment, personality domains, and self-regulation as influenced by academic leaders and educational advocates in fostering work engagement. 

Keywords

Organizational commitment, Personality domains, Self-regulations, Structural Equation Model, teachers, Davao Region, Philippines

Downloads

References

1. Aboramadan, M. (2022). The effect of green HRM on employee green behaviors in higher education: the mediating mechanism of green work engagement. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(1), 7-23. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Aboramadan, M., & Dahleez, K. A. (2020). Leadership styles and employees’ work outcomes in nonprofit organizations: the role of work engagement. Journal of Management Development, 39(7/8), 869-893. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Ahad, R., Mustafa, M. Z., Mohamad, S., Abdullah, N. H. S., & Nordin, M. N. (2021). Work attitude, organizational commitment and emotional intelligence of Malaysian vocational college teachers. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 13(1), 15-21. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Ahuja, S., & Gupta, S. (2019). Organizational commitment and work engagement as a facilitator for sustaining higher education professionals. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 7(6), 1846-1851. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Albdour A A., Altarawneh I. I. (2014). Employee engagement and organizational commitment: evidence from Jordan. Int. J. Bus. 19 192–212. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Albrecht, S. L., & Marty, A. (2020). Personality, self-Efficacy and job resources and their associations with employee engagement, affective commitment and turnover intentions. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31, 657-681. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1362660 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Al-Jabari, B., Ghazzawi; Al-Jabari, B., & Ghazzawi, I. (2019). Organizational Commitment: A Review of the Conceptual and Empirical Literature and a Research Agenda. In International Leadership Journal "ILJ (Vol. 11, Issue 1). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Alrowwad, A., Almajali, D. A., & Obeidat, B. (2020). The Role of Organizational Commitment in Enhancing Organizational Effectiveness. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332697163 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Anderson, C. (2021). Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice, II (1). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Anglim, J., Horwood, S., Smillie, L. D., Marrero, R. J., & Wood, J. K. (2020). Predicting psychological and subjective well-being from personality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146(4), 279. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Anglim, J. Morse, G., Dunlop, P. D., Minbashian, A., & Marty, A. (2020). Predicting trait emotional intelligence from HEXACO personality: Domains, facets, and the general factor of personality. Journal of Personality, 88(2), 324-338. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Ansari, J. A. N. (2020). Driving employee engagement through five personality traits: an exploratory study. Metamorphosis, 19(2), 94-105. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Arcadio, A. C., Distor, J. S. & Diola, D. D. (2023). Work engagement and organizational commitment of employees in Cavite, Philippines. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8(7), 1- 14. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7905538 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Awan, S. H., Habib, N., Shoaib Akhtar, C., & Naveed, S. (2020). Effectiveness of performance management system for employee performance through engagement. SAGE Open,10(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020969383 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Aydın, Y. Ç., & Uzuntiryaki, E. (2009). Development and psychometric evaluation of the high school chemistry self-efficacy scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(5), 868-880. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Bakker, A. B. (2022). The social psychology of work engagement: state of the field. Career Development International, 27(1), 36-53. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Bansal, E., Bhushan, P., & Gupta, Y. (2020). Personality traits and work engagement: A case study on Female Bank employees in Banking Sector. Parikalpana: KIIT Journal of Management, 16(1and2), 72-83. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Bollen, K. A., & Pearl, J. (2013). Eight myths about causality and structural equation models. In Handbook of causal analysis for social research (pp. 301-328). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Buenvinida, L. P., Rodriguez, M. T. M., Sapin, S. B., Alforja, N. S., & Panopio, F. P. (2020). Senior high school teachers’ readiness in implementing 21st century learning: An input to school improvement plan. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(9), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.8967 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Bylieva, D., Hong, J. C., Lobatyuk, V., & Nam, T. (2021). Self-regulation in e-learning environment. Education Sciences, 11(12), 785. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Crossman, N. D. (2018). Land in balance: The scientific conceptual framework for Land Degradation Neutrality. Environmental Science & Policy, 79, 25-35. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Cusumano, M. A., Gawer, A., & Yoffie, D. B. (2021). Can self-regulation save digital plat forms? Industrial and Corporate Change, 30(5), 1259-1285. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Danner, D., Lechner, C. M., Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2021). Modelling the incremental value of personality facets: The domains-incremental facets- acquiescence bifactor show model. European Journal of Personality, 35(1), 67-84. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Ding, K., Zhu, L., & Yan, X. (2022). The relationship between EFL teachers' personality traits, communication strategies, and eork Engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 855837. Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. ] Fakhruddin, F., Ilmi, Z., & Achmad, G. N. (2020). The influence of personality and organizational commitment and work engagement to employee satisfaction and employee performance DPRD Samarinda City. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 4(02). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Fernandez, E. O., Quines, L. A. (2023). Psychological Empowerment, Work Engagement and Pay Satisfaction: A Path Model On Retention Among Secondary School Teachers. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i12.5122 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Fernandez, S. (2020). Faculty work engagement and teaching effectiveness in a state higher education institution. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 6(1), 1-13. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Filstad, C. (2022). Police Leadership as Practice. 10.4324/9781003224105. Finders, J. K., McClelland, M. M., Geldhof, G. J., Rothwell, D. W., & Hatfield, B. E. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. (2021). Explaining achievement gaps in kindergarten and third grade: The role of self-regulation and executive function skills. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 54, 72-85. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Frazier, L. D., Schwartz, B. L., & Metcalfe, J. (2021). The MAPS model of self- regulation: Integrating metacognition, agency, and possible selves. Metacognition and learning, 16, 297-318. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Gao, S., & Shao, B. (2024). Problematic Social Media Use and Employee Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review. In SAGE Open (Vol. 14, Issue 3). SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241259158 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Gençer, H. (2019). Group dynamics and behaviour. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(1),223–229. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.070128 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Greenier, V., Derakhshan, A., & Fathi, J. (2021). Emotion regulation and psychological well-being in teacher work engagement: a case of British and Iranian English language teachers. System, 97, 102446. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Güçlü Nergiz, H., Unsal-Akbiyik, B. S. (2024). Job Crafting, Task Performance, and Employability: The Role of Work Engagement. SAGE Open, 14(3). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Guhao, E. S. (2019). Organizational commitment of public school teachers: a structural equation modeling analysis. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management (MOJEM) (Vol. 7, Issue 1). http://mojem.um.edu.my57 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Guo, J., Qiu, Y., & Gan, Y. (2022). Workplace incivility and work engagement: The mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of self‐perceived employability. Managerial and Decision Economics, 43(1), 192-205. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Hameli, K., Ukaj, L., & Çollaku, L. (2023). The role of self-efficacy and psychological empowerment in explaining the relationship between emotional intelligence and work engagement. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Euro Med Journal of Business, (11), https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-08-2023-0210 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Hayes, A. (2020). Stratified random sampling. Dotdash. retrieved 5th January from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/stratified_random_sampling.asp [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. He, Y., Donnellan, M. B., & Mendoza, A. M. (2019). Five-factor personality domains and job performance: A second order meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 82, 103848. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Hirschfeld, R. R., & Thomas, C. H. (2008). Representations of trait engagement: integration, additions, and mechanisms. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 63–66. doi:10.1111/j.1754-9434. 2007.00011. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Inzlicht, M., Werner, K. M., Briskin, J. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2021). Integrating models of self-regulation. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 319-345. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Iwal, J. T., & Arenga, J. B. (2024). School heads’ support and teaching engagement among newly hired elementary school teachers. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 4(2), 382–411.Retrieved from https://www.injoe.org/index.php/INJOE/article [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Johar, E. R., Mat Nor, N., Hassan, R., & Musa, R. (2019). Examining the effect of motivation on the influence of human resource practices and normative commitment among SMEs in Selangor. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal (APMAJ), 14(1), 179-200. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Johari, N. S. B., Saad, N., & Kasim, M. (2022). Teacher collaboration: Significant influence on self-efficacy of secondary school teachers. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(4), 1873–1880. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i4.22921 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. Jung, H. S., Song, M. K., & Yoon, H. H. (2021). The effects of workplace loneliness on work engagement and organizational commitment: moderating roles of leader-member exchange and coworker exchange. Sustainability, 13(2), 948. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. Jyoti, J., Sharma, P., Kour, S., & Kour, H. (2020). The role of job involvement and career commitment between person–job fit and organizational commitment: a study of higher education sector. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(1), 109-130. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

49. Karatepe, T., Ozturen, A., Karatepe, O. M., Uner, M. M., & Kim, T. T. (2022). Management commitment to the ecological environment, green work engagement and their effects on hotel employees’ green work outcomes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(8), 3084-3112. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

50. Kawiana, I., Dewi, L. K. C., Hartati, P. S., Setini, M., & Asih, D. (2021). Effects of leadership and psychological climate on organizational commitment in the digitization era. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 1051-1062. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

51. Khan, N. A., Khan, A. N., & Moin, M. F. (2021). Self-regulation and social media addiction: A multi-wave data analysis in China. Technology in Society, 64, 101527. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

52. Kim, L. E., Jörg, V., & Klassen, R. M. (2019). A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Teacher Personality on Teacher Effectiveness and Burnout. Educational Psychology Review, 31(1), 163–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-018-9458-2. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

53. Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. The SAGE handbook of innovation in social research methods, 562-589. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

54. Knight, C., Patterson, M., & Dawson, J. (2019). Work engagement interventions can be effective: a systematic review. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(3), 348-372. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

55. Kusumaningtyas, H., & Laksono, E. W. (2021). A Comparative Study on High School Students’ Self-Efficacy Towards Chemistry. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 54(1). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

56. Laguía, A., Topa, G., Pocinho, R. F. D. S., & Muñoz, J. J. F. (2024). Direct effect of personality traits and work engagement on job crafting: a structural model. Personality and Individual Differences, 220, 112518. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

57. Layek, D., & Koodamara, N. K. (2024). Impact of contingent rewards and punishments on employee performance: the interplay of employee engagement. F1000Research, 13, 102. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.144019.1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

58. Loan, L. J. M. S. L. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3307-3312. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

59. Loan, L. T. M. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3307–3312. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.6.007 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

60. Lunenburg, F. C., & Ornstein, A. C. (2005). Educational administration: concepts and practices. Australia: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.218 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

61. Lyon, K. A., Elliott, R., Ware, K., Juhasz, G., & Brown, L. J. E. (2021). Associations between facets and aspects of big five personality and affective disorders: A systematic review and best evidence synthesis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 288, 175-188. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

62. Makikangas, A., Juutinen, S., Makiniemi, J. P., Sjoblom, K., & Oksanen, A. (2022). Work engagement and its antecedents in remote work: A person-centered view. Work & Stress, 36(4), 392-416. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

63. Meng, F., Wang, Y., Xu, W., Ye, J., Peng, L., & Gao, P. (2020). The diminishing effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between task characteristics, perceived meaningfulness, and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 585031. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

64. Meyer, J. & P., Allen, N. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

65. Monje-Amor, A., Vázquez, J. P. A., & Faíña, J. A. (2020). Transformational leadership and work engagement: Exploring the mediating role of structural empowerment. European Management Journal, 38(1), 169-178. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

66. Namaziandost, E., Heydarnejad, T., & Azizi, Z. (2023). The impacts of reflective teaching and emotion regulation on work engagement: Into prospect of effective teaching in higher education. Teaching English Language, 17(1), 139-170. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

67. Namood-e-Sahar, Naqvi, I. (2020). Psychological determinants of relapse prevention. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 35(35), 373–391. https://doi.org/10.33824/PJPR.2020.35.2.20 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

68. Ober, T. M., Cheng, Y., Jacobucci, R., & Whitney, B. M. (2021). Examining the factor structure of the Big Five Inventory-2 personality domains with an adolescent sample. Psychological Assessment, 33(1), 14. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

69. Ononye, U. H., Ojieh, M., & Ofune, K. (2023). Navigating the Digital Workplace: The Impact of Social Media Use on Thriving and Job Performance with a Focus on Self-Regulation. Vidyodaya Journal of Management, 9(II). https://doi.org/10.31357/vjm.v9iii.6591 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

70. Orongan, R. C. (2007). Structural model of cognitive, affective and demographic factors on tertiary students’ performance in introductory statistics at Central Mindanao University, Bukidnon, Philippines. Unpublished Dissertation. Central Mindanao University, Bukidnon Philippines [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

71. Park, J., & Hess, T. M. (2020). The effects of personality and aging attitudes on well- being in different life domains. Aging & Mental Health, 24(12), 2063-2072. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

72. Rahim, N. B. (2022). The interaction between teaching competencies and self-efficacy in fostering engagement amongst distance learners: a path analysis approach. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 19(1), 31–57. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2022.19.1.2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

73. Rahmawati, D. (2021). Self-Efficacy, Teacher Leadership and Teacher Professionalism in Secondary School. Jurnal Iqra’: Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(2). 1-12. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

74. Rai, A., & Maheshwari, S. (2020). Exploring the mediating role of work engagement between the linkages of job characteristics with organizational engagement and job satisfaction. Management Research Review, 44(1), 133-157. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

75. Rau, R., Carlson, E. N., Back, M. D., Barranti, M., Gebauer, J. E., Human, L. J., ... & Nestler, S. (2021). What is the structure of perceiver effects? On the importance of global positivity and trait-specificity across personality domains and judgment contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(3), 745. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

76. Saravanan, P., & Vasumathi, A. (2015). The impact of demographic profile on strategic HRM practices and its challenges faced by HR managers in IT firm, India: An empirical study. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 9(9), 3214-3223. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

77. Saucier, G., Lurino, K., & Thalmayer, A. G. (2020). Comparing predictive validity in a community sample: High–dimensionality and traditional domain–and– facet structures of personality variation. European Journal of Personality, 34(6), 1120-1137. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

78. Scharp, Y. S., Bakker, A. B., & Breevaart, K. (2022). Playful work design and employee work engagement: A self-determination perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavio134, 103693. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

79. Schumacker, R. Lomax, R. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling 2nd Ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

80. Sezen-Gultekin, G., Bayrakcı, M., & Limon, İ. (2021). The mediating role of organizational commitment on the relationship between emotional labor and work engagement of teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 648404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648404 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

81. Shu, K. (2022). Teachers’ Commitment and self-efficacy as predictors of work engagement and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 850204. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

82. Soares, M. E., & Mosquera, P. (2019). Fostering work engagement: The role of the psychological contract. Journal of Business Research, 101, 469-476. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

83. Songcog, J. M., & Guhao, E. S. (2020). A Structural Equation Model on Job Satisfaction among Non-Teaching Personnel in Private Higher Education Institution in Region XII, Philippines. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

84. Sudibjo, N. & Riantini, M. G. D. (2023). Factors affecting teachers' work engagement: The case of private school teachers in Jakarta Metropolitan, Indonesia. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación,21(1),119-137. https://doi.org/10.15366/reice2023.21.1.006 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

85. Tisu, L., Lupșa, D., Vîrgă, D., & Rusu, A. (2020). Personality characteristics, job performance and mental health: the mediating role of work engagement. Personality and Individual Differences, 153, 109644. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

86. Tsaur, S. H., & Hsieh, H. Y. (2020). The influence of aesthetic labor burden on work engagement in the hospitality industry: The moderating roles of employee attributes. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 90-98. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

87. Vitale, V., & Bonaiuto, M. (2024). The role of nature in emotion regulation processes: An evidence-based rapid review. In Journal of Environmental Psychology (Vol.96). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102325 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

88. Wang, C., Xu, J., Zhang, T. C., & Li, Q. M. (2020). Effects of professional identity on turnover intention in China's hotel employees: The mediating role of employee engagement and job satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 10-22. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

89. Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., & Azari Noughabi, M. (2022). The interplay of EFL teachers’ immunity, work engagement, and psychological well-being: Evidence from four Asian countries. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1-17. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

90. Zhou, G., Gul, R., & Tufail, M. (2022). Does servant leadership stimulate work engagement? The moderating role of trust in the leader. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 925732. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

91. Zúñiga, C., Aguado, D., & Cabrera-Tenecela, P. (2022). Values that work: Exploring the moderator role of protestant work ethics in the relationship between human resources practices and work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 11 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles

© 2026 IJLTEMAS · RSIS International. All rights reserved. ISSN 2278-2540.