Battery Hazards and Safety: A Comprehensive Review for Lithium -Ion Battery System

Abstract: Lithium-ion battery systems (LIBS) have unique qualities like high efficiency, high capacity, better power, and low self-discharge. The fast development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry has created a huge market for LIBS to be used as an energy storage device and provide an eco-friendly transportation system. The high demands and market call for LIBS lag behind the safety concerns due to which the explosive incidents of LIBS take place. It is also seen that overcharge, deep discharge, lack of proper thermal management in two-wheelers, and poor selection of cell configuration are the key factors for the explosiveness of the LIBS. In this review, we have studied the reasons behind the occurrence of the above key factors and also analyzed the variation of electrical parameters like voltage (V), current (I), and internal resistance (R) with abnormal conditions. The aim of this study is to work for the betterment of the LIBS and contribute to uplifting the market's acceptability towards the enhanced EV industry.

Electric 2-wheeler, , Li-ion battery, Overcharging, Deep-discharging, Thermal runway, Nail penetration, shocks and vibration, state of charge, state of health, , Kalman filter, Extended Kalman filter+

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