The 21st Century Urban Environment and The Challenge of Stressors: Psychological Insights from Ilishan-Remo
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Abstract: The rapid urbanization of the 21st century has introduced a variety of stressors that significantly impact mental health. This study explores these stressors and their impact on anxiety and depression within the context of Ilishan-Remo, a rapidly developing sub-urban area in Ogun State, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. A sample of 427 adult residents of Ilishan-Remo was selected through the multi-stage sampling technique. Instruments used for data collection were the Demographic Data Inventory (DDI), Environmental Stressor Questionnaire (ESQ), Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), Economic Hardship Questionnaire (EHQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Three hypotheses were formulated and tested by means of the simple linear regression analysis at the .05 level of significance. Results revealed significant impacts of environmental stressors (such as noise pollution and overcrowding) (β = .280, t = 10.638, p < .0005), social stressors (such as social isolation and weakened community ties) (β = .263, t = 8.807, p < .0005) and economic stressors (β = .317, t = 13.914, p < .0005) on anxiety and depression among the residents. It was subsequently recommended, among other things, that governments should develop and enforce urban planning and environmental policies aimed at reducing noise pollution and managing overcrowding to create a healthier living environment for residents.
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