Topology Optimization for Low-Power-Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) within Internet of Things (IOT)

Abstract: Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) have emerged as a critical enabler for large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) deployments due to their long-range communication capabilities and low energy consumption. However, achieving optimal performance in LPWAN-based IoT systems requires careful network topology design to balance energy efficiency, coverage, scalability, and reliability. This paper investigates topology optimization strategies tailored for LPWANs, focusing on technologies such as LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, and Sigfox. We propose a multi-objective optimization framework that considers node placement, gateway density, data traffic patterns, and energy constraints. By applying both simulation and analytical modeling, we showcase notable enhancements in network longevity, delay performance, and packet delivery efficiency. Our results provide practical guidelines for deploying scalable and sustainable LPWAN topologies in diverse IoT applications, ranging from smart cities to remote environmental monitoring.

Internet of Things, Low-Powered Wide Area Network, Long Range, Long Range WAN

1. W. Ayoub, A. E. Samhat, F. Nouvel, M. Mroue, and J.-C. Prévotet, “Internet of mobile things: Overview of lorawan, dash7, and nb-iot in lpwans standards and supported mobility,” IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1561–1581, 2019. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Noreen, U., Bounceur, A., and Clavier, L. (2017). A Study of Low Power and Wide Area Network Technology. 3rd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing (2017), (pp. 1-6). IE [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Pham, C., Bounceur, A., Clavier, L., Noreen, U., & Ehsan, M. (2020). Radio Access Challenges in LoRa Low Power Wide Area Network (chap. 4). Retrieved October 31, 2021, from: https://www.sciencedirect.com. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Augustin, A., Yi, J., Clausen, T., & Townsley, W. (2016). A study of LoRa: Long range & low power networks for the Internet of Things. Sensors, 16(9), 1466. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091466 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Raza, U., Kulkarni, P., & Sooriyabandara, M. (2017). Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 19(2), 855-873. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2017.2652320 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Detecting Misinformation Using Multimodal AI Models on Social Media Platforms
• Enhanced Face Detection Using Haar Cascade with Histogram Equalization, Sharpening, and Denoising for Real-Time Applications
• The Evolution of Data Analytics and Its Future Implication
• Utilizing AI Approaches for Generating Code Automatically
• Practicing Continuous Integration Continuous Delivery on AWS