Experimental Analysis of Green Concrete Incorporating Industrial and Agricultural Wastes

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has encouraged the use of industrial and agricultural wastes as partial replacements for conventional concrete constituents. This paper presents an experimental analysis of green concrete incorporating selected industrial and agricultural waste materials with the objective of enhancing strength performance while reducing environmental impact. Various concrete mixes were prepared by partially replacing cement and fine aggregates with waste-derived materials in different proportions. Standard experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the developed green concrete, including compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at different curing ages. The experimental results indicate that the incorporation of waste materials can significantly improve or maintain the strength characteristics of concrete when used in optimal proportions. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the potential of waste-based green concrete as a viable and eco-friendly alternative for conventional concrete, contributing to sustainable construction practices and effective waste management.

Green concrete, Industrial waste, Agricultural waste, Sustainable construction, Compressive strength, Mechanical properties

1. S. Parvez, S. S. Afsar and I. Rahman, "Utilizing of Different Types Waste Materials Used in Concrete Production in Civil Construction: A Sustainable and Environmentally Responsible Approach," 2024 International Conference on Communication, Computer Sciences and Engineering (IC3SE), Gautam Buddha Nagar, India, 2024, pp. 12-15, doi: 10.1109/IC3SE62002.2024.10593531. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. S. S. Mahmoud, S. M. Hama and A. S. Mahmoud, "Predicting Strength Criteria of Hardened Concrete Containing Waste Glass Powder," 2023 15th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), Baghdad & Anbar, Iraq, 2023, pp. 417-421, doi: 10.1109/DeSE58274.2023.10099944. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. K. Rajendran, P. Murugesan, V. Palanisamy and S. Kannan, "Enhanced Neural Evalution of Steel Fibre Reinforced Rubberized Concrete Beams," 2025 12th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), Delhi, India, 2025, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.23919/INDIACom66777.2025.11115348. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. B. Abro, B. Lal, M. Aamir, S. L. Meghwar, F. A. Memon and Z. Hussain, "Smart Concrete Strength Measurement Device," 2022 International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Electronics, Computing and Communication (ICETECC), Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ICETECC56662.2022.10069766. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. H. Hamada and F. Abed, "Enhancing the Sustainability of Geopolymer Concrete: A Review on the Impact of Plastic Waste on Strength and Durability," 2024 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS), Manama, Bahrain, 2024, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICETSIS61505.2024.10459550. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. C. Higuera-Flórez, J. Cárdenas-Pulido, J. Lizarazo-Marriaga, J. D. P. Suarez and S. L. U. C., "Preliminary evaluation of mechanical properties of recycled PET fiber reinforced concrete," 2024 Congreso Internacional de Innovación y Tendencias en Ingeniería (CONIITI), Bogotá, Colombia, 2024, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/CONIITI64189.2024.10854841. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. S. A. R. S. Hasibuan, H. Prayuda and M. Muhathir, "Optimization of Amount of Banana Skin Powder as Cementitious Materials in Concrete using Genetic Algorithm," 2023 International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing (IWAIIP), Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2023, pp. 204-208, doi: 10.1109/IWAIIP58158.2023.10462849. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. M. A. Kareem and A. A. Hilal, "Data analytics to examine the use of waste glass as coarse aggregate in production of foamed concrete using Image J software," 2023 16th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), Istanbul, Turkiye, 2023, pp. 368-372, doi: 10.1109/DeSE60595.2023.10469317. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. S. Adetola, A. Oyejide, E. Emmanuel, S. Adejinle and J. Aiyegbabe, "Microstructural Analysis of blended Guinea-Corn Stalk and Saw-Dust Ash for Cement Mixture of Interlocking Concrete Block," 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG), Omu-Aran, Nigeria, 2024, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/SEB4SDG60871.2024.10629948. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. V. Alkhaldi, A. -H. I. Mourad and M. El Gamal, "Sustainable Concrete Using Industrial By-product Waste," 2022 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2022, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ASET53988.2022.9734981. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. M. Zhang, J. Qu and Q. Qiu, "Prediction of compressive strength of recycled concrete (RC) based on BP and ELman neural networks," 2023 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Robot Systems (AIARS), Bristol, United Kingdom, 2023, pp. 140-144, doi: 10.1109/AIARS59518.2023.00035. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. S. Sharifi, D. Navabi and A. Mosavi, "Translucent Concrete: Comprehensive Review of Concepts, Recent Technologies and Advances in Light Transmitting Concrete," 2023 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI), Timisoara, Romania, 2023, pp. 000685-000692, doi: 10.1109/SACI58269.2023.10158620. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. A. M. Ali, S. S. Ali, A. H. Wanas and M. M. Adnan, "Improvement The Concrete Fire Resistance by Using By-Product Materials," 2023 International Conference for Technological Engineering and its Applications in Sustainable Development (ICTEASD), Al-Najaf, Iraq, 2023, pp. 216-221, doi: 10.1109/ICTEASD57136.2023.10585044. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. B. D. Akintayo and O. A. Olanrewaju, "Utilizing Industrial Waste for Sustainable Concrete: A Critical Analysis of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in Cement Production," 2024 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), Bangkok, Thailand, 2024, pp. 1432-1438, doi: 10.1109/IEEM62345.2024.10857161. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. K. H. Nguyen, T. D. Tran and T. N. Phan, "Experimental and Numerical Investigation into the Compressive Strength of Steel-Reinforced Concrete Columns Utilizing Recycled Aggregates," 2025 10th International Conference on Applying New Technology in Green Buildings (ATiGB), Danang, Vietnam, 2025, pp. 338-342, doi: 10.1109/ATiGB66719.2025.11142105. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Students' Perception Towards Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education in India
• Strategic Leadership and Cybersecurity Readiness in Digitally Transforming Organisations
• Spatial Distribution of Tourism Infrastructure in Awka, Onitsha and Nnewi Urban Areas of Anambra State.
• Emerging Technologies, Education and Skill Development for A Sustainable Blue Economy in Nigeria.
• Quantum Dot–Based Solar Cells: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Prospects