Job Preparedness, Professional Competence and Work Efficiency Among Administrative Officers in the Department of Education
Authors
Raiza F. Ebon
Capiz State University Burias Campus (PH)
Charina C. Gloria
Capiz State University Burias Campus (PH)
Article Information
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-07-16
Published: 2026-07-17
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between job preparedness, professional competence, and work efficiency among Administrative Officers in the Department of Education. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from 106 Administrative Officers in the Schools Division of Capiz through a validated survey questionnaire.
Frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviations, Spearman's rho, and other appropriate statistical analyses were used. The findings showed that the respondents demonstrated high levels of job preparedness, professional competence, and work efficiency.
More importantly, the results revealed significant positive relationships among the variables. Job preparedness showed the strongest association with professional competence (r = 0.790, p < .01), followed by the relationship between professional competence and work efficiency (r = 0.585, p < .01), and job preparedness and work efficiency (r = 0.552, p < .01).
These findings suggest that when administrative officers are better prepared for their roles, they are more likely to demonstrate stronger professional competence, which also contributes to improved work efficiency. The study underscores the value of sustained professional development and organizational support in strengthening administrative performance within the Department of Education.
Keywords
N/A
Downloads
References
1. Abun, D., Magallanes, T. O., Incarnacion, M. J., Agoot, F., & Benito, G. (2021). Employees’ self-efficacy and workplace capability in private higher educational institutions. Journal of Business and Behavioral Studies, 8(2), 114–129. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Agyemang, C. B., & Ofei, M. A. (2013). Employee confidence and competence in administrative roles: The role of accumulated workplace tenure. International Journal of Organizational Administration, 4(3), 45–58. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Aguinis, H., & Kraiger, K. (2009). Benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 451–474. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Armstrong, M. (2014). Handbook of performance management: An evidence-based guide to delivering results (5th ed.). London, England: Kogan Page. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice (15th ed.). London, England: Kogan Page. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Aquino, M. V. (2020). Educational attainment and professional competence of civil servants in local public institutions. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 64(1), 72–89. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. New York, NY: National Bureau of Economic Research. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (3rd ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Bernardo, A. B. (2018). Postgraduate education and organizational effectiveness in Philippine government agencies. Journal of Public Sector Management, 31(2), 142–156. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Caballero, C. L., & Walker, A. (2010). Work readiness in college graduates: The contribution of academic preparation programs. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 1(1), 12–26. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Caballero, C. L., Walker, A., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2011). The Work Readiness Scale (WRS): Developing a measure to assess work readiness in college graduates. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 2(1), 41–54. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Campbell, J. P. (1990). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 687–732). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Cochran, W. G. (1955). Sampling techniques. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Cuadrado, I., Navas, M. S., & Molero, F. (2012). Leadership styles preference, gender roles, and professional competence in administrative contexts. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 589–601. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Daft, R. L. (2016). Organization theory and design (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. De Guzman, R. J., & Ching, M. A. (2017). Core competencies and workplace readiness of clerical and administrative personnel in regional hubs. Philippine Management Review, 24, 55–71. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Del Rosario, M. T. (2021). Cumulative training hours and job competence of public school administrative support staff. Educational Management and Administration Quarterly, 14(3), 201–218. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Department of Education. (2024). DepEd order no. 002, s. 2024: Immediate removal of administrative tasks from public school teachers. Pasig City, Philippines: Author. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. DeSimone, R. L., & Werner, J. M. (2012). Human resource development (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2003). The female leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence and social roles. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 807–834. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Epstein, R. M., & Hundert, E. M. (2002). Defining and assessing professional competence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287(2), 226–235. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Garcia, L. F., & Cruz, P. M. (2019). Technical skill enhancement and procedural compliance in public sector personnel. Journal of Philippine Civil Service Review, 11(2), 93–110. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Graham, J. R., Harvey, C. R., & Puri, M. (2020). Managerial tenure, length of work experience, and corporate behavior. Journal of Financial Economics, 135(3), 592–613. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. Graham, L. J., White, S. L., Cologon, K., & Pianta, R. C. (2020). Do teachers’ years of experience make a difference in the quality of teaching? Teaching and Teacher Education, 96, 103190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103190 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Hall, E. A., Finch, C. K., & March, K. L. (2024). Leading beyond the script: A cross-sectional study exploring preparedness of pharmacy academic administrators. Pharmacy, 12(1), 25–38. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Jackson, D. N. (2014). Employability skill development and workplace readiness trends among modern graduates. Higher Education, 67(2), 203–221. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Jiang, H. L., Wang, Y. X., & Zhang, M. L. (2024). Work readiness, emotional intelligence, and professional identity among newly employed professionals. Journal of Career Development and Vocational Transitions, 19(2), 145–162. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. L. (2004). Aging, adult development, and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 440–458. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. Knoke, D., & Ishio, Y. (1998). The social organization of workplace training: Gender differences in access to organizational development opportunities. Work and Occupations, 25(3), 267–289. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
31. Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
32. Kristof-Brown, A. L. (1996). Person-organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49(1), 1–49. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
33. Labitad, M. G. (2025). Academic preparedness and post-graduation work readiness in local environments. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope, 6(1), 88–101. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
34. Mesalles, V., Lepore, N., Morelli, A., Magee, L., Siswandjo, J., & Harel, D. (2025). Satisfaction among LGBTQIA+ individuals with gender, sex, and sexuality survey questions. Journal of Homosexuality, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2025.2507884 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
35. Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2008). The relationship of age to ten dimensions of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 392–423. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
36. Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2010). Organizational tenure and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 36(5), 1220–1250. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
37. Nielsen, V. L. (2014). Does gender matter for the behavior and performance of frontline bureaucrats in public service institutions? Public Administration, 92(3), 711–727. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
38. Noe, R. A. (2017). Employee training and development (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
39. Republic of the Philippines. (1989). Republic act no. 6713: Code of conduct and ethical standards for public officials and employees. Manila, Philippines: Author. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
40. Republic of the Philippines. (2003). Republic act no. 9184: Government procurement reform act. Manila, Philippines: Author. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
41. Reyes, E. C., Santos, J. M., & Villanueva, R. T. (2022). Continuous professional development hours and problem-solving capacities of non-teaching support personnel. Journal of Educational Administrative Research, 18(4), 310–326. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
42. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational behavior (17th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
43. Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kraiger, K., & Smith-Jentsch, K. A. (2012). The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(2), 74–101. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
44. Shin, Y. W., Kim, M. S., & Choi, J. N. (2015). Demographic non-predictors of job proficiency when accounting for core skill scaffolding. Human Performance, 28(4), 315–334. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
45. Shirom, A., Gilboa, S., Fried, Y., & Cooper, C. (2008). Gender as a moderator of the relationship between workplace stressors and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2), 227–248. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
46. Sottimano, I., Guidetti, G., Viotti, S., & Converso, D. (2019). The interplay between job control, SOC strategies, and age in sustaining work ability in a sample of administrative employees. Sustainability, 11(5), 1463. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
47. Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
48. Tesfaye, B. M., Abraham, T. W., & Yosef, S. A. (2022). Experience and adaptation vectors as predictors of autonomy in clerical work ecosystems. Journal of Administrative Work and Field Readiness, 9(2), 174–191. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
49. Teves, L. R., & Ubayubay, E. C. (2024). Academic qualifications and career advancement trajectories of civil servants. Journal of Higher Education and Workplace Integration, 5(1), 44–59. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
50. Villanueva, R. T. (2019). Tacit knowledge accumulation and policy implementation proficiency of administrative personnel in public governance. Philippine Review of Public Policy, 13, 102–119. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
51. Winarno, A. B., Setiawan, H. T., & Utomo, P. S. (2024). Digital literacy training and self-efficacy as drivers of modern office administration readiness. Global Journal of Business and Office Administration, 12(1), 50–67. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
52. Zhang, W., & Wood, S. (2022). Awareness of age-related change, chronological age, subjective age and proactivity: An empirical study in China. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 915673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915673 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- Enhancing Formation Control of Multi Agent Systems Using Ann Based Technique
- Improving Sliding Mode Control with Chattering Reduction using Fuzzy Based Technique
- Cooking Quality, Fasting Blood Glucose, Glycemic Index and Load of High–Fiber Noodles Made from Wheat, Tiger Nut Residue and Cassava Flour Blends
- Matrix Rhythm Therapy Versus Interferential Therapy Combined with Lumbar Stabilization Exercises in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Comparative Trial
- Formulation and Sensory Evaluation of Functional Cake Prepared from Sweet Potato Powder