Impact of Computerized Payroll Systems on Employee Productivity: A Case Study of Babcock University Staff School

This paper examines the impact of computerized payroll systems on employee productivity, focusing on Babcock University Staff School. Drawing upon historical context, contemporary typologies, and challenges in adoption, it explores the relationship between these systems and productivity, satisfaction, and motivation. Using a cross-sectional survey design and statistical analysis, the study reveals a significant positive correlation between computerized payroll systems and employee outcomes. Recommendations include investing in training, considering organizational context, and prioritizing continuous improvement. Future research should explore long-term effects, user experience, organizational culture, emerging technologies, and comparative studies on different payroll systems.

Computerized Payroll, Productivity, Satisfaction, Training, Babcock University Staff School

1. Accenture (2022). Improving Payroll Performance: Applying Technology to improve payroll performance in the cloud. Available from https://www.accenture.com/content/dam/accenture/final/a-com-migration/pdf/177/Accenture-Improving -Payroll-Performance-2022.pdf (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Adi Nugroho, A., & Susanto, N. (2023, July 18). ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE USING THE UTAUT2 MODEL. Jurnal TAM (Technology Acceptance Model), 14(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.56327/jurnaltam.v14i1.1539 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Ahmed, A. M., Mohammed, C. N., & Ahmad, A. M. (2023, March 20). Web-based payroll management system: design, implementation, and evaluation. Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43067-023-00082-5 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Ajana, B. (2020, November 18). Personal metrics: Users’ experiences and perceptions of self-tracking practices and data. Social Science Information, 59(4), 654–678. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018420959522 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Al-Emran, M., Mezhuyev, V., & Kamaludin, A. (2020). Using the UTAUT model to understand students’ usage of e-learning systems in developing countries. International Journal of Information Management, 50, 437-450. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Auxier, B. & Anderson, M. (2021, April 7). Social media use in 2021. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Available from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/ (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Bayaga, A., & du Plessis, A. (2023, September 19). Ramifications of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) among developing countries’ higher education staffs. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12194-6 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Blunt, M., Chong, A. Y. L., Tsigna, Zayyad, Tsigna & Venkatesh, V. (2022). Meta-Analysis of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT): Challenging its Validity and Charting a Research Agenda in the Red Ocean. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 23(1), 13–95. 10.17705/1jais.00719 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Call, D. R., & Herber, D. R. (2022, September 9). Applicability of the diffusion of innovation theory to accelerate model‐based systems engineering adoption. Systems Engineering, 25(6), 574–583. https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21638 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Chandrasekaran, A. & Toussaint, J.S. (2022, November 7). Creating a Culture of Continuous Improvement. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2019/05/creating-a-culture-of-continuous-improvement (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Cheek, F. (2022). Changing the focus of payroll with artificial intelligence. Oracle Fusion Cloud Human Capital Management Blog. Retrieved from https://blogs.oracle.com/oraclehcm/post/changing-the-focus-of-payroll-with-ai (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Dearing, J. W. (2021, June 9). Diffusion of Innovations. The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Change and Innovation, 611–638. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198845973.013.23 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., Tamilmani, K., & Raman, R. (2020, December). A meta-analysis based modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (meta-UTAUT): a review of emerging literature. Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.008 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Elrehail, H., Harazneh, I., Abuhjeeleh, M., Alzghoul, A., Alnajdawi, S., & Ibrahim, H. M. H. (2019, August 6). Employee satisfaction, human resource management practices and competitive advantage. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 29(2), 125–149. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-01-2019-0001 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Fariza, H. R., Aidi, A., Yurita, Y. A. T., Khairina, R. (2019, July 26). Global Perspective on Payroll System Patent and Research: A Bibliometric Performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2S2), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b1028.0782s219 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Ferrari, F. (2022). Skills mismatch and change confidence: The impact of training on change recipients’ self-efficacy. European Journal of Training and Development, 47(10), 2776 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Granić, A. (2022, April 5). Educational Technology Adoption: A systematic review. Education and Information Technologies, 27(7), 9725–9744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10951-7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Gyawali, B. R., Paudel, K. P., Jean, R., & Banerjee, S. B. (2023). Adoption of computer-based technology (CBT) in agriculture in Kentucky, USA: Opportunities and barriers. Technology in Society, 72, 102202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102202 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Hakim, A. N., & Madyatmadja, E. D. (2023). Examining the Employees’ Acceptance of Human Resource Information Systems: An Empirical Study with UTAUT Model. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 13(4), 40-58. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. He, M., & Lee, J. (2020, March 19). Social culture and innovation diffusion: a theoretically founded agent-based model. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 30(4), 1109–1149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-020-00665-9 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Heissler, C., Kern, M., & Ohly, S. (2022, January 28). When Thinking About Work Makes Employees Reach for Their Devices: A Longitudinal Autoregressive Diary Study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 37(5), 999–1016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09781-0 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Hu, S. G., Wang, W. Y., Wang, X. X., & Yin, Y. M. (2024, January 23). Assessing the intention to accept inquiry-based teaching pedagogy among Chinese university students: an extension of technology acceptance model. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1265047 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Jamuar, P. (2024). Tips for maximizing efficiency and accuracy in payroll processing. peopleHum Employee Engagement. Retrieved from https://www.peoplehum.com/blog/accuracy-in-payroll-processing (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Julianto, M. R., & Daniawan, B. (2022, July 12). E-COMMERCE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL APPROACH. Jurnal TAM (Technology Acceptance Model), 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.56327/jurnaltam.v13i1.1106 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Khan, S. A., & Al-Emran, M. (2023). Ramifications of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Technology in Education and Learning, 8(2), 123-138. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Kropp, B. (2022). The 2022 Workplace Trends That Business Leaders Must Address. In Gartner. Available from https://www.gartner.com/en/articles/the-2022-workplace-trends-that-business-leaders-must-address (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Li, J., Wu, N., & Xiong, S. (2021). Sustainable innovation in the context of organizational cultural diversity: The role of cultural intelligence and knowledge sharing. PLoS ONE, 16(5), e0250878 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Malatji, W. R., Eck, R. V., & Zuva, T. (2020). Understanding the usage, Modifications, Limitations and Criticisms of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 5(6), 113–117. https://doi.org/10.25046/aj050612 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Manyika, J., Lund, S., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Woetzel, L., Batra, P., Ko, R., & Sanghvi, S. (2017, November 28). Jobs Lost, jobs gained: What the future of work will mean for jobs, skills, and wages. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/jobs-lost-jobs-gained-what-the-future-of-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Murla, J. M. C., Roasa, J. A., Reyes, R. V., Mesa, J. S. D., & Santos, M. D. (2020). Assessment of School-Based Payroll System: Basis for Enhancement. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 5(1), 132–135. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.51.26 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Naneva, S., Sarda Gou, M., Webb, T. L., & Prescott, T. J. (2020, June 3). A Systematic Review of Attitudes, Anxiety, Acceptance, and Trust Towards Social Robots. International Journal of Social Robotics, 12(6), 1179–1201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00659-4 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Nwankpa, J.K. and Roumani, Y.F. (2024), "Remote work, employee productivity and innovation: the moderating roles of knowledge sharing and digital business intensity", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-12-2022-0967 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Palladan A. A. & Palladan N.Y. (2018) Employees Views on Payroll Computerization and Its Impact on Their Productivity: A Grounded Theory Approach. Arabian J Bus Manag Review 8: 340. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. PaySlip (2020) What is Employee Self Service? Available from https://payslip.com/resources/blog/what-is-employee-self-service (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Pierce, R. (2023) How employee self-serve features can reduce payroll admin. Sage. Available from https://www.sage.com/en-ca/blog/how-employee-self-serve-features-can-reduce-payroll-admin/?ClickID=UF7UJqQmZxyPUTXQyJQWHwKVUkHwCmxYJwb00o0&irgwc=1&utm_source=affiliate&utm_medium=leadGenSage&utm_campaign=ImpactAffiliateProgramme&utm_term=ImpactAffiliate&utm_content=123201 (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Rafferty, A. E., & Jimmieson, N. L. (2017). Subjective perceptions of organizational change and employee resistance to change: Direct and mediated relationships with employee well-being. British Journal of Management, 28(2), 248–264 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Samadbeik, M., Aslani, N., Maleki, M., & Garavand, A. (2023). Acceptance of mobile health in medical sciences students: Applying technology acceptance model. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 40, 101290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2023.101290 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Seppälä, E., & McNichols, N. K. (2022). The Power of Healthy Relationships at Work. Harvard Business Review. Available from https://hbr.org/2022/06/the-power-of-healthy-relationships-at-work (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Shepherd, S. M., Willis-Esqueda, C., Newton, D., Sivasubramaniam, D., & Paradies, Y. (2019). The challenge of cultural competence in the workplace: Perspectives of healthcare providers. BMC Health Services Research, 19, 1351 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Taherdoost, H. (2018). A review of technology acceptance and adoption models and theories. Procedia Manufacturing, 22, 960–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.137 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Tement, S., Zorjan, S., Lavrič, M., Poštuvan, V., & Plohl, N. (2020, November 16). A randomized controlled trial to improve psychological detachment from work and well-being among employees: a study protocol comparing online CBT-based and mindfulness interventions. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09691-5 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Tomić, N., Kalinić, Z., & Todorović, V. (2022, March 29). Using the UTAUT model to analyze user intention to accept electronic payment systems in Serbia. Portuguese Economic Journal, 22(2), 251–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-022-00210-5 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Vaske, J. J., Beaman, J., & Sponarski, C. C. (2017). Rethinking internal consistency in Cronbach's alpha. Leisure Sciences, 39(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1127189 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008, May). Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a Research Agenda on Interventions. Decision Sciences, 39(2), 273–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Willcocks, L.P. (2024), "Automation, digitalization and the future of work: A critical review", Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEBDE-09-2023-0018 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. World Economic Forum. (2022, January 23). These 5 charts reveal the Global Economic Outlook for 2022. Available from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/01/global-economic-outlook-5-charts-world-bank/ (Accessed January 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. Wu, R., & Yu, Z. (2023, August 6). Investigating Users’ Acceptance of the Metaverse with an Extended Technology Acceptance Model. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2241295 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. Yamane, T. (1964). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

49. Zayed, N.M.; Rashid, M.M.; Darwish, S.; Faisal-E-Alam, M.; Nitsenko, V.; Islam, K.M.A. (2022) The Power of Compensation System (CS) on Employee Satisfaction (ES): The Mediating Role of Employee Motivation (EM). Economies, 10, 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10110290 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

50. Zhang, K. (2024). Enhancing Employee Satisfaction Through Payroll Management. Entrepreneur Online. Available from https://www.entrepreneur.com/leadership/enhancing-employee-satisfaction-through-payroll-management/468831 [Accessed March 2024]. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

51. Zhao, M. and Rabiei, K. (2023), "Feasibility of implementing the human resource payroll management system based on cloud computing", Kybernetes, Vol. 52 No. 4, pp. 1245-1268. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-07-2021-0554 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Ecological Survey of Aquatic Macrophytes in Tatabu Reservoir, Niger State, Nigeria
• Adaptation Phenomena of Visually Impaired Disabilities in Social Relations at the Social Rehabilitation Unit in Malang, Indonesia
• Modeling and Simulation of Solar Irradiance Conversion Using the Pyranometer App
• Development of an Expert System for Outpatients
• Strength Analysis of Heat Treated Clay and Rice Husk Mixture