Social Penetration Analysis in Self-Disclosure of Online Loan Application Users to Their Partners

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the disclosure of online loan users to their partners through social penetration theory. Information technology-based money lending services are one of the innovations in the financial sector, utilizing technology to facilitate lending transactions without meeting in person. This transaction mechanism is carried out through a system provided by the Fintech Lending Organizer, either through an application or a website. Several problems arise because of the characteristics of online loans that often terrorize and intimidate people close to them without asking permission. This study is descriptive, using data collection techniques on ten pairs of online loan informants with their partners. Data analysis was carried out using interactive techniques involving interactions between data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Based on the social penetration analysis, five pairs of informants decided to separate/divorce, while five pairs did not divorce. The five pairs of informants who did not divorce were at stages 3 (affective exchange) and 4 (stable exchange). The five pairs who divorced were at stage 2 (exploration of affective exchange), which decreased the development of their relationship to deterioration. Couples who eventually divorce receive negative Feedback from their partners in the form of anger, annoyance, and regret. The perpetrators decide to get involved in online loans without discussing it with their partners but also have no desire to discuss it. The perpetrators' mindset, household economic problems, characteristics of online loans, and skills in communicating issues to their partners color the couple's interactions towards the end of the relationship. On the other hand, supportive Feedback, personality, and gender of the partner are factors that influence self-disclosure.

communication studies

1. afpi.or.id. (2024). Pahami Perbedaan Pinjaman Online dan P2P Lending Sebelum Melakukan Pinjaman, retrieved: https://afpi.or.id/articles/detail/perbedaan-pinjaman-online-dan-p2p-lending [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Altman, I. & Taylor, D.A. (2006). Social penetration: The development or interpersonal relationship. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Ascharisa, A., & Anisa, A. (2020). Buku Ajar Komunikasi Interpersonal. Jawa Tengah: Pustaka Rumah Cinta. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Asti, Ni Putu Maha Dewi Pramitha Asti, “Upaya Hukum Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam Mengatasi Layanan Pinjaman Online Ilegal”, Jurnal ACTA COMITAS, Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan, vol. 5, no. 1, (April, 2020). h. 118-119. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Angelia, Y. (2014). Self Disclosure Ibu Hamil di Luar Nikah Kepada Anaknya. E- Komunikasi, 2(2), 1–11. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Aw, S. (2011). Komunikasi Interpersonal. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Devito, Joseph. A. 2009. The Interpersonal Communication Book. Boston : Pearson [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Batoebara, M. U. (2018). Membangun trust (kepercayaan) pasangan dengan melalui komunikasi interpersonal. Jurnal Warta, 57(July 2018), 1–17. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Budyatna, M., & Ganiem, L. M. (2011). Teori Komunikasi Antarpribadi. Prenada Media Group. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Databoks. (2024). Penyaluran Pinjol di Indonesia Naik Jadi Rp22,76 Triliun pada Maret 2024. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2024/05/14/penyaluran-pinjol-di-indonesia-naik-jadi-rp2276-triliun-pada-maret-2024 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Eliza, T. O. (2015). Hubungan Antara Keterbukaan Diri Dengan Keakraban Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan UIN SUSKA Riau. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Gainau, M. (2009). Keterbukaan Diri Siswa Dalam Perspektif Budaya dan Implikasinya Bagi Konseling. Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri (STAKPN) Papua. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Handayani, D., & Kurdaningsih, D. M. (2022). Social Penetration and Digital Media Communication Experiences in Reconciled Marriages, A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 4(4), 44–51. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Iman, Nofie. 2020. “The Rise and Rise of Financial Technology: The Good, the Bad, and the Verdict.” Cogent Business and Management 7 (1). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Pratiwi, A. (2016). Hubungan Antara Interaksi Sosial Sesama Rekan Kerja dengan Kinerja Karyawan di Rumah Sakit Umum (RSUD) Kalisari Batang. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Permassanty, T. D., & Irawan, C. H. (2018). Proses Penetrasi Sosial Antar Pemain Pada Game Mobile Legends. LONTAR: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 6(2), 111. https://doi.org/10.30656/lontar.v6i2.950 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Rahmadyanto, B. P., & Ekawaty, M. (2023). Tren Pinjaman Online Dalam Milenial: Telaah Kontributor Internal Dan Eksternal. Journal of Development Economic and Social Studies, 2(2), 249–258 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Manning, J. (2019). Thinking About Interpersonal Relationships and Social Penetration Theory: Is It the Same for Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual People? Casing Communication Theory, January, 293–305. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Muchlisin Riadi. (2020). Big Five Personality (Kepribadian Lima Besar). kajianpustaka.com. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Liliweri, A. (2015). Komunikasi Antar Personal. Jakarta: Remaja Rosdakarya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Mulyana, D. (2016). Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Novianti, E. (2019). Teori Komunikasi Umum dan Aplikasinya. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Nurapipah dan Abdullah. (2024). Tabungan Cinta Yang Pecah: Dampak Dan Risiko Perceraian Akibat Pinjaman Online Tanpa Sepengetahuan Pasangan. SABANA: jurnal Sosiologi, Antropologi, dan Budaya Nusantara [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Nurhayati, E. (2012). Psikologi Perempuan dalam Berbagai Perspektif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Penington, N. (2015). Building and Maintaining Relationships in the Digital Age: Using Social Penetration Theory to Explore Communication through Social Networking Sites. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 140. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Rambe dan Febrian. (2023). Pinjaman Online Sebagai Alasan Perceraian Di Pengadilan Agama Kota Depok, Jurnal Islamic Constitutional Law Volume 1 No 1 2023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Rhosyidah, K. (2015). Pengaruh Keterbukaan Diri Terhadap Ketrampilan Komunikasi Interpersonal Menantu Perempuan Pada Ibu Mertua di Daerah Karanganyar Probolinggo. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Nayiroh, L. (2021). Proses Penetrasi Sosial Hubungan Pasangan Pengguna Aplikasi Kencan Online ( Tinder ) Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19. 3(2), 57–66. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Sangadah, U. (2014). Analisis Interpretasi Ekspresi Wajah Ditinjau Dari Latar Belakang Pendidikan dan Jenis Kelamin. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Septiani, D., Azzahra, P. N., Wulandari, S. N., & Manuardi, A. R. (2019). Self Disclosure dalam Komunikasi Interpersonal: Kesetiaan, Cinta, dan Kasih Sayang. 2(6), 265–271. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Sugianor, H., & Fitri, M. S. (2020). Perceraian karena Tekanan Ekonomi Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Islam [Thesis]. Universitas Islam Kalimantan. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. OJK. (2016). In 8 Buku Seri Literasi Keuangan Tingkat Perguruan Tinggi - Industri Keuangan Syariah (pp. 1-289). Jakarta: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Santi, Erbama, et al., Pengawasan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan terhadap Financial Technology (Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016) Diponegoro Law Journal: Vol.6 Nomor 3 2017. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Wahyu Syarvina, “Analisa Risiko Pinjaman Online Ilegal Dalam Praktik Teknologi Finansial”, Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis. vol. 22, no. 1, (2022), h. 22 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Budiyanti, Eka (2019), Upaya Mengatasi Layanan Pinjaman Online Ilegal, Bidang Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian DPR RI, Jurnal Vol. XI, No.04/II/Puslit/Februari. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Karimullah, Suud Sarim dan Lilyan Eka Mahesti, “Tinjauan Maqashid Al-Syariah Terhadap Perilaku Berutang Masyarakat Desa Sukawangi Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19”, Jurnal TAHKIM Peradaban dan Hukum Islam, vol. 4, no. 1, (Maret, 2021), h. 83-84. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Naibaho, F. (2020). Keterbukaan Remaja Kepada Orangtua Untuk Membahas Permasalahan Pacaran. Universitas Airlangga. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Prawitasllri, J. E. (2016). Mengenal Emosi Melalui Komunikasi Nonverbal. Buletin Psikologi, 3(1), 27–43. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Ratnasari, A. (2007). Komunikasi Harmonis Orang Tua dengan Anak. Mediator: Jurnal Komunikasi, 8(2), 345–352. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Rhosyidah, K. (2015). Pengaruh Keterbukaan Diri Terhadap Ketrampilan Komunikasi Interpersonal Menantu Perempuan Pada Ibu Mertua di Daerah Karanganyar Probolinggo. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Ruben Brent D dan Lea P Stewart. (2006). Communication and Human Behavior. United States: Allyn and Bacon [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Sangadah, U. (2014). Analisis Interpretasi Ekspresi Wajah Ditinjau Dari Latar Belakang Pendidikan dan Jenis Kelamin. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Sari, R., Andayani, T., & Masykur, A. (2006). Pengungkapan Diri Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama Universitas Diponegoro Ditinjau Dari Jenis Kelamin Dan Harga Diri. Jurnal Psikologi, 3(2), 11–25. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Syarvina, Wahyu “Analisa Risiko Pinjaman Online Ilegal Dalam Praktik Teknologi Finansial”, Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis. vol. 22, no. 1, (2022), h. 22. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Sutopo. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta. UNS Press [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. Torana, Y. I. (2016). Komunikasi Interpersonal Antara Sebagai Atlet Bela Diri Muay Thay Profesionalisme. Jurnal E-Komunikasi Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Kristen Petra, Surabaya, 4. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. Suherman, A. (2020). Buku Ajar Teori-Teori Komunikasi. Yogyakarta: Deepublish. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. West, R., & Lynn, T. (2008). Pengantar Teori Komunikasi. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

49. Yudha, I. (2019). Hambatan Komunikasi Pada Mahasiswa Perantauan Asal Bali di Yogyakarta. Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

50. Zuhria, N. A. (2013). Proximity dalam Komunikasi antara Dosen dan Mahasiswa Fakultas Dakwah IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 4(2), 2088. Retrieved: dari http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/id/eprint/11159 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

51. Susanti, S. (2020) ‘Pengaruh Persepsi Masyarakat Kota Pekanbaru Tentang Aplikasi Pinjaman Online’, JOM FISIP, 7, pp. 1–15. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

52. Wulandari, T. A. (2013). Memahami Pengembangan Hubungan AntarpribadiI Melalui Teori Penetrasi Sosial. Majalah Ilmiah UNIKOM, 11 (1), 106-108. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

53. Yulianto, H.S. (2023) Macam-Macam Dampak Psikis terlilit pinjaman online, bola.com. Available at: https://www.bola.com/ragam/read/5402256/macam-macam-dampakpsikis-terlilit-pinjaman-online (Accessed: 08 June 2024). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

54. Yum, H., Lee, B., & Chae, M. (2012). From the wisdom of crowds to my judgment in microfinance through online peer-to-peer lending platforms. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 11(5), 469–483. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Cyberverse: A Game-Based Learning Application for Cyber Security
• Design and Development of a Low Cost Smart Electronic School Bell
• Assessing the Effectiveness of TVET Training in Enhancing Youth Employability: A Case Study of Kisumu County, Kenya
• Optimization of Maintenance Strategies in an Oil and Gas Production Facility to Minimize Maintenance Cost
• Cost and Return Analysis of Tomato Cultivation in Three Different Districts of Bangladesh