00
Days
00
Hrs
00
Min
00
Sec
Submit Your Paper

A Comparative Study of Aggression and Adjustment Among Combat and Non-Combat Female Athletes of Tonk District in Rajasthan.

Authors

Mrs. Geeta Deori

Research Scholar/Physical Education Teacher, Sharda Mandir, Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Rajasthan (IN)

Dr. Prahalad Kumar Sharma

Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Rajasthan. (IN)

Article Information

DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2025.1407000055

Subject Category: Banasthali Vidyapeeth students combat and noncombat.

Volume/Issue: 14/7 | Page No: 456-461

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2025-08-07

Published: 2025-08-07

Abstract

Abstract: Comparative research was conducted to find out differences among combat and non-combat female athletes in terms of their aggression and adjustment. The sample consisted of six hundred, Combat Sports Female Athletes (N-300) & Non-Combat Sports Female Athletes (N=300) participants from Tonk District of Rajasthan.  Dr. G.P. Mathur and Dr. R.K. Bhatnagar (2004) (QA) and Bell’s Adjustment Inventory (Student Form) by Dr. R.K. Ojha (2006) was used for the present research to assess the level of aggression and adjustment among the female athletes respectively. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference among combat and non-combat female athletes in terms of their aggression and adjustment. ‘Z’ test results (Z=1.8139, p<.01) reject the null hypothesis and states that aggression among combat and non-combat female athletes are different. In terms of adjustment (Family, Health, Social & Emotional), results show an insignificant difference among combat and non-combat female athletes (Z= -0.245, -0.36, 0.27, 0.390 p<.01). Thus, result supports the null hypothesis in terms of adjustment.  

Keywords

Aggression and Adjustment, Combat and Non-combat Sports

Downloads

References

1. Archer, J. (2000). Sex Differences in Aggression Between Heterosexual Partners: A Meta Analytic Review, Psychological Bulletin, 126: 697-702. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Aron, A. and Aron, E.N. (1994). Statistics for Psychology. NJ: Prentice Hall. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A Social Learning Theory Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Beck, C. R. (2004). Motivation Theory and Practice. (5th Ed). New Jersey. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Berkowitz, L. (1968). Impulse, aggression, and the gun. Psychology Today, 2 (4), 18 –22. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control New York: Mc Graw Hill. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Bettencourt, B.A. and Miller, N. (1996). Gender Differences in Aggression as a Function of Provocation: A Meta-Analysis, Psychological Bulletin, 119: 422-47. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Bjorkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K., and Kaukiainen, A. (1992). Do Girls Manipulate and Boys Fight? Developmental Trends in Regard to Direct and Indirect Aggression, Aggressive Behavior, 18: 117-27. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Brain, P. F. (1981). Classical ethology and human aggression. In P. F. Brain and D. Benton (Eds.). The biology of aggression (pp.603-623). Alphen aanden Rijn, The Netherlands: Sitjhoff and Noordhoff. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Brain, P.F. (1994). Hormonal Aspects of Aggression and Violence, in A.J. Reis, Jr. and J.A. Roth (eds), Understanding and Control of Bio behavioral Influences on Violence (vol. 2). Washington, DC: National Academy Press. pp. 177-244. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Broidy, L. M., Nagin, D. S., Tremblay, R. E., Bates, J. E., Brame, B., Dodge, K. A., et al. (2003). Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency: A six - site, cross - national study. Developmental Psychology, 39, 222 – 245. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Chen, X., Wang, L., Chen, H., & Liu, M. (2002). Noncompliance and child-rearing attitudes as predictors of aggressive behaviour: A longitudinal study in Chinese children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(3), 225-233. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Crick, N.R. and Grotpeter, J.K. (1995). Relational Aggression, Gender and SocialPsychological Adjustment, Child Development, 66: 7 10-22. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Daniels, D.N., Gilula, M.I., & Ochberg, f.M. (Eds.) (1970). Violence and the struggle for existence. New York: Little Brown. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Hinde, R. A. (1970). Animal behavior. New York: McGraw - Hill. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Hinde, R.A. (1974). Biological bases of human social behavior. New York: McGraw-Hil1. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Howell, D.C. (2002). Statistical methods for psychology (earlier editions than 5th) Belmont CA: Duxbury. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Lagerspetz, K.M. and Bjorkqvist, K. (1992). Indirect Aggression in Girls’ and Boys', in L.R. Huesmann (ed.), Aggressive Behavior: Current Perspectives. New York: Plenum. pp. 131-50. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Lagerspetz, K.M., Bjorkqvist, K., and Peltonen, T. (1988). Is Indirect Aggression Typical of Females? Gender Differences in Aggressiveness in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children, Aggressive Behavior, 14: 403-14. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Loeber, R. and Hay, D. (1997). Key Issues in the Development of Aggression from Childhood to Early Adulthood, Annual Review of Psychology, 48: 371-410. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles

© 2026 IJLTEMAS · RSIS International. All rights reserved. ISSN 2278-2540.